Wiltshire archaeological and natural history magazine

WILTSHIRE
Arehenlagical and Hatural “Wrstory
MAGAZINE,

Published under the Birection of the Society

FORMED IN THAT COUNTY, A.D. 1853.

VOL. XXVIII.
Pa a if Gs22 -
1894—96. 4 Una Se

DEVIZES :
Hurry & Pearson, 4, St. Joon STREBT.

June, 1896.

Tur Eprror of the Wiltshire Magazine desires that it should
be distinctly understood that neither he nor the Committee of the
Wiltshire Archeological and Natural History Society hold themselves
in any way answerable for any statements or opinions expressed
in the Magazine; for all of which the Authors of the several
papers and communications are alone responsible.

CONTENTS OF VOL. XXVIII.

No. LXXXII. Ducempzr, 1894.
Report of the Wiltshire Archeological and Natural History Society for

the year July, 1893—July, [ROA ..scecsesececcssserscseesee conescnseraecenens
Memoir of Mr. John Legg, of Market Lavington, Wilts : by the Rav.
TAL Cl, SMITH ......sccsececevcersscovscscecccenssccesensaumansoneneney i abacnemshpaeds
Burials in Woollen : by the Rev. CANON EDDRUP...++++++++-seersrreeserers

The Church of All Saints, Martin, Wilts: by C E. PonTine, F.S.A....
Notes from the Diary of Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper, First Earl of

Shaftesbury : born 1621, died 1683: by the late J. WAYLEN ........-
Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire : by the Rev.

BE. H. GODDARD weccosseseessecenrnerereeeneerees ‘ dideatece cates
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles ..ccccsececsseceveerseneceesesneeees
Additions to Museum and Library ses sesessesreesenrrereceesterseerensescesess

| No. LXXXIII. Junsz, 1895.

~ Account of the Forty-first General Meeting, at Marlborough..........++.+-
Notes on Upper Upham Manor-House: by Hanozp BRAKSPEAR,
MN scree, uate ieee pcanectspuepandaan vss sosennsnbneacresge saueoMens

, Notes on a Roman Cross-Bow, &c., found at Southgrove Farm, Burbage:
4 by the Rev. E. H. GoDDARD ........sssssnerersrsereserseessncnnnan sre steeegs
: The Geology of the Railway Line from Chiseldon to Collingbourne: by
-«F J. Benner, F.G.S., H.M. Geological Survey.......ssseessseeeserere ees
‘Notes on Objects from a Saxon Interment at Basset Down : by the Rev.
Bi FL. GODDARD 60. .0icatvewececnocnvoce ne sceosernessnmponamgeengesagers son eveees

The Belfry formerly standing in the Close, Salisbury, and its Bells: by
OHM PLARDING.......c0-,sesncennmesnseonraciiuerenrperserenacaceossesneseaseeses
_ Notes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough : by C. E.
PGW TING, W.S.As.......cccccsceccerccenersncnssescanmerne caesar sre rcnsercascarees
The Gravestone of Ilbert de Chaz: by OOH TALBOT ee creveccscceesceserent
_ Lists of Non-Parochial Registers and Records : Copied and Communicated
by Mr. A. COLEMAN o..secsssesssesasecerseeersntenesteres secs Sioadecnuantsiee
~ Notes on Aldbourne Church : by E. Doran Wess, F.S.A. .......--000 0
Richard Jefferies —Bibliographical Addenda: by GroreE E. DartNELL
(Continued ) RV RUM Gseneccarvnaneearal arene cisnsvsi ra
Notes, Archeological and Historical ..........+-++ssessereessrereestrreecsesse ees
Notes on Natural History ....csc-ssesscsssececenscssereseeceeseteteanecseseren aes
~ Personal Notices of Wiltshiremen ..........0:seceerserseseneseree ceeeec ees sen ens

Notes on Wiltshire Books, Sc. .......2.++-ssssreescereeeserererene teeter ens ceees
Magazine Articles, &c., on Wiltshire Subjects .......ccc::ceseeeneeeeeeeeees ees
Other Books and Articles by Wiltshiremen ..........s0eecsessesereernee eters:
The Sale of Canon Jackson’s Library ......seeceessseeseneeesersseeneerersesees

iv CONTENTS OF VOL. XXVIII.

No. LXXXIV. Dercemper, 1895.

Report of the Wiltshire Archeological and Natural Assy Society for
the year July, 1894—July, 1895 ..........
Notes on the Documentary History of Zeeals : ey Jo OHN Barres! FP. s. re
Index to the “ Wiltshire Institutions” as printed by Sir Thomas Phillipps:
compiled by the late Canon J. E. Jackson, F.S.A., February, 1851..
A Sketch of the History of Hill Deverill : Sik Joun U. Powktt, M. re
Notes, Archzological and Historical ., Meddlaies Soh extents + aaa
Personal Notices of Wiltshiremen .. saneacesgaateaninsroniaas soos ceeeeeemam
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Aehiolek Tiadtanedite setaitbe tices eeecece ana
Additions to Museum and Library...........ssccsssssssecsoscsscesscveesse cesses

No. LXXXV. June, 1896.

Account of the Forty-Second General Meeting at Corsham ........

The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries: by the Rev. W. GicHRier
GOAN, MALO i srace.nscotisnchovesreecoD¥inexpactes civsewuecerssaresvaadenngratee

Notes on Places Visited by the Society in 1895 : by Haronp BRAKSPEAR,
PO LB CAG Cs 2 ie Src aches pacived eeeled stad costar eek sa tdent obey ees eee

Notes on Corsham Church: by C. H. TALBOT ..........:.cseecseceeneeenecees
Notes on Lacock Church by C. H. TALBOT ..........0-:cesecee cesteener serene
Wilts (OD itary): ics ane teascscgsct sas Coaghwa¥acessbseasrieenscossiish bones s/csmeaaie via

Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles,...........:-:sessecseceeceeeneeneeens
Additions to Museumand Library .2ii,.:se.sccesecsncuessecsnes podast saponins

[llustrations.

PAGE

201
203

210
235
252
266
269

279

17

288

319

334

342

353

356
365

All Saints, Martin, Wilts, 17. Maces at Wootton Bassett, Malmesbury, and
Marlborough, 30. Maces at Devizes and Salisbury, and Sword at Wootton —

Bassett, 31. Loving Cups at Devizes and Calne, and Snuff Box at Calne, 33.

Watchman’s Horn and Brass Badge at Salisbury, and Mace at Chippenham, 56.

Maces and Tankard, Wilton, 57.

Upper Upham Manor House, 84. Articles (figs 1—4) from Romano-EeiGaea
Interment at Southgrove Farm, Burbage, 88. Romano-British Cross-bowCatch

of Bone, from Southgrove Farm; Steel example of ditto from 16th Century
Cross-bow ; and Roman Stamp from Broad Hinton, 89. Diagram and Sketch

Map of the 'Geolog gy of the Railway Cutting from Chiseldon to Collingbourne, 92.
Iron objects (figs. 1—5) from Saxon Interment at Bassett Down, 105. Objects
(figs. 6—18) found in Saxon Interments at Basset Down, 106. Saxon Saucer-
shaped Fibule (figs. 19 and 20), found at Basset Down, 107. Ground Plan, LF
East Elevation, and Sections of Chapel at Chisbury, 126. Plan and Elevation —

of Windows, Details of East Window, &c., at Chisbury Chapel, 126.

16th Century Spur found at Malmesbury Abbey, 263. Iron Key of the Roman

Period found at Oldbury Camp, 263. Bronze Armlet from Lake, 263.

Chapel Plaister—Plan and Details, 332.

A
7
“J
i
f
3
a.

WILTSHIRE
| Archeological and Botural Wistory
MAGAZINE,

OF THE

SOCIETY FORMED 1N THAT COUNTY,

A.D. 1853.

EDITED BY
- REV. E. H. GODDARD, Clyffe a Wootton Bassett.

DEVIZES :
‘Paiwtep AND SOLD FOR THE Soctety by Hurry & PEARSON,
Sr. Jonn STREET.

>

4 ith Part IL. of Wilts Inquisitions, 5s. 6d. ; alee 33. 6d
. Members Gratis.

‘NOTICE, telat a copious Ir
~ Volumes: of ite Magazine will be found :
Vill., xvi., and xxiv.

embers who have not paid their Subscriptions to the Societ
the eurrent year, are requested to remit the same forthwi
the Financial Secretary, Mr Davin Owey, 31, Long Str
Devizes, to whom also all communications as to the ss
of Magazines eyould be: adressed.

to Members who are “not in arrear of dhete pie saben
tions, but in accordance with Byelaw No. 8 “ The Financial -
Secretary shall give notice to Members in arrear, and th
Society’s publications will not be forwarded to Members whose —
subscriptions shall remain unpaid after such notice.” van

~All other communications to be addressed to the Honorary Secre-— Be
taries: H. E. Mepttcort, Esq., Sandfield, Potterne, Devizes ; ra
and the Rev. E. H. Gopparp, Cly ffe Vicarage, Wootton Bassett. 4

__A resolution has been passed by the Committee of the Society,
“that it is highly desirable that every encouragement should —
be given towards obtaining second copies of Wiltshire ieee! a
_ Registers.” 4

“<<
ci THE SOCIETY’S PUBLICATIONS.
; ag To BE OBTAINED oF Mr. D. Owen, 31, Lona STREET, DEViIZEs.
oom THE BRITISH AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES OF THE NORTH
_ WILTSHIRE DOWNS, by the Rev. A. C. Smith, M.A. One Volume, -
Atlas 4to, 248 pp., 17 large Maps, and 110 Woodeuts, Extra Cloth. Price £2 2s.
~ Qne copy offered to each “Member of the Society, at £1 11s. 6d.

_-~=Ss«* THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF WILTSHIRE. One Volume, Pi.
_ 504 pp., with map, Extra Cloth. By the Rev. T. A. Preston, M.A. Price to
me. the Public, 16s.; but one copy offered to every Member of the cong at half f.

rice.

Price 3s. 6d.

ey: CATALOGUE OF WILTSHIRE TRADE TOKENS IN THE
SOCIETY’S COLLECTION. Price 6d.

BACK NUMBERS OF THE MAGAZINE. Price ds. 6d. (cxeeptha
case of a few Numbers, the price of which is raised.) A reduction, hone
made to Members taking several copies.

WILTSHIRE—THE TOPOGRAPHICAL COLLECTIONS OF JO}
AUBREY, F.R.S., A.D. 1659-70. Corrected and Enlarged by the Rev. Canon
J. E. Jackson, M.A, FS.A. In 4to, Cloth, pp. “491, with 46 BN
Price £2 10s.

__ INDEX OF ARCHHOLOGICAL PAPERS. The alphabetical Ind
Papers published in 1891, 1892, and 1893, by the various Archeological |
Antiquarian Societies throughout England, compiled under the direction o}
Congress of Archeological Societies. Price 3d. each.

ES

__ THE BIRDS OF WILTSHIRE. One Volume, 8vo., 613 PP» Ext
ay the Rev. A. C. Smith, M.A. Price reduced to 10s. 6d.

a WILTSHIRE
j Arreola ant Patural Bistory

MAGAZINE,

No. LXXXII. DECEMBER, 1894. VoL. XXVIIL-

; Contents. PAGE
_ Report or THE WILTSHIRE ARCHEOLOGICAL AnD NaTuRraL HisToRY
_ Soctery for the year July, 1893—July, 1894............cessesceeseeseneee 1
_ Memorr or Mr. Jonn Lece, or Marker Lavineton, WIitts : by
ean A, 0), RATNER oe oo incetawencanaccen sees cad dedapndtnundasnonaaaig 5
_ Burrats 1x Woonten: by the Rev. Canon Eddrup............ 13
“ Tue Cuurcu or Att Saints, Martin, WIitTs: 2 Cc EK. Pending

NER oes ah. ne oR ps Sonian's vk hua Sasatocnse aac ttiacw ver aneeaes Seat euaie tem tees 17

Norss rrom THE Diary or Siz AntHony AsHiEy Cooregr, First
_ Eant or Suarressury : born 1621, Died 1683 : by the late J. Waylen 22

OTES ON THE CORPORATION PLATE AND InsIGNIa oF WILTSHIRE: by
area Wainy. N62 Grandin. ‘yas 2s « «duis @pcansacceddcondsacss vol cdesdest accuan leans 28

- Witrsuige Boors, PAMPHLETS, AND ABTICLES ......cccceeceesee eee ates 63
“ADDITIONS TO MUSEUM AND LIBBABY .oc....c... see cececcsceseeccesenseeees 71

ILLUSTRATIONS.

TA Sainta: Wearin, \WAltissssccces son cecwusvdwSeveavasechpsoss 17
Maces at Wootton Bassett, Malmesbury, and Marlborough 30
Maces at Devizes and Salisbury, and Sword at Wootton
UBPBSGbL cane sateen eer et and se Sen ont sare eopn ite sctoocedencvecans 31
Loving Cups at Devizes and Calne, and Snuff Box at Calne 33

Watchman’s Horn and Brass ‘eau at sk Ak and Mace
at Chippenham ... .........0.. Jus Sovineee Oe

Maces and Tankard, Wilton . ot ge eS INR ot RO ae 57

DEVIZES :—Husry & Pearson, 4, St. JoHN STREET.

WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE.

“MULTORUM MANIBUS GRANDE LEVATUR ONUS.’—Ouvid.

DECEMBER, 1894.

Aeyort of the Ciltshire Archwological and
Aatural History Society
Hor the Bear July, 1893——Julv, 1894.

[Read at the General Meeting of the Society at Marlborough, July
19th, 1894.]

=< HE Committee has again the pleasure of reporting the
continued prosperity of the Society. In spite of times

our Members (who, in an agricultural county like ours, must nearly
all be connected more or less directly with the land), our Society
has been able to maintain its reputation, its numbers, and its funds.
As to its numbers: we had on our books on July Ist, 1894, twenty-
three Life Members, three hundred and fifty-two Annual Members,
and twenty-one Exchange Members, a total of three hundred and
ninety-six, as against three hundred and ninety-three on the same
date last year. [Hight new Members were elected at the Annual
Meeting, raising the total to over four hundred for the first time in
the records of the Society.]| During the year ending 30th June,
1894, thirty-seven new Members have been elected. There have
been nine losses by death during the same period, amongst which
we have specially to deplore the loss of the Rey. C. Soames, of
Mildenhall, who joined the Society in 1859, was a valued contributor

_ to the pages of the Magazine, and a reliable authority on numis-
- matics. We have also to mention Mr. James Waylen, who has

VOL. XXVIII.—NO. LXXXII. B

2 Report of the Society for the Year July, 1893—July, 1894.

long been known as the Historian of Marlborough and Devizes.
A notice of him and his works appears in the last number of the
Magazine. Within the last few days we observe the death of one
of our Vice-Presidents, Sir Henry A. Hoare, Bart. ; a name which
has been prominently connected with Wiltshire archeology for
nearly a century. Of resignations we have to record twenty-five,
most of those resigning having left the county.

“ As to finance, a copy of the accounts (which we must thank our
Honorary Auditors for having examined) is printed with the last
number of the Magazine. They do not present any exceptional
feature, unless we so regard the handsome surplus of £17 10s. re-
ceived from the Warminster Local Committee last year in aid of
the general funds of the Society.

“Numbers 80 and 81 of our Magazine, completing the twenty-
seventh volume, have been issued since our last Meeting. The
character of the papers (some by old friends; some, we are glad to
observe, by new) fully maintains its position amongst such county
journals. If the cost of producing the present volume is somewhat
in excess of the average, this is quite explained by the numerous
illustrations, which so materially add to the interest of the papers.

“The lists of additions to the Museum and Library during the
year, chiefly by way of donations, are recorded at the end of each
number of the Magazine. They include the Romano-British objects
from Cold Kitchen Hill, presented by Mr. William Stratton, and a
fine specimen of Pleiosawrus, presented by the Swindon Brick and
Tile Company. The principal gifts, however, have been bestowed
on the Library, which has been enriched by a large number of
Wiltshire books, pamphlets, and engravings, partly acquired by
exchange for duplicates in the collection and by purchase, but chiefly
due to the bequest of Wilts Tracts by the late Mr. James Waylen,
the gifts of Wilts books and pamphlets by Mr. W. Cunnington,
and of engravings and portraits by Mrs. H. Cunnington and others.
These additions, numbering many hundreds of items, are a con-
siderable step towards making the Library what it should be—viz.,
a real Library of reference for all Wiltshire matters. The pamphlets
have been carefully arranged in a more accessible form than before

Report of the Society for the Year July, 1893—July, 1894. 3

by Mr. Goddard. The list of ‘books wanted,’ which appears on
‘cover of the last number of the Magazine, is printed in the hope
that it may suggest to some of our Members the possibility of filling
up some of the gaps which still exist in our collection, more par-
ticularly in the matter of biographies and works of natives of
Wiltshire. Our desire, however, is not merely to accumulate
treasure, but, by means of carefully-compiled catalogues, to make
that treasure accessible to our Members. A catalogue of the Library
is in hand, prepared by our Hon. Librarian, Mr. Heward Bell, and
beyond this the Wilts Bibliography referred to in Mr. Clifford

Holgate’s paper in vol. xxvi., p. 221, is making progress.

“Mr. W. Cunnington, second to none in qualifications for the
_ task, is engaged in preparing a catalogue of the Stourhead Col-
lections. A new list of Members was printed with the November
Magazine.

“At the Annual Congress of Archzeological Societies, held at
Burlington House, July, 1893, we were represented by Mr. Goddard
and Mr. Ponting. Several matters of interest were under discussion,
and it seems advisable that our Society should continue to be repre-
sented at this meeting.

“The Committee recently applied to the Technical Education
Committee of the Wilts County Council for a grant for the County
_ Museum. It was pointed out, in reply, that no grant can be made
__ unless a systematic course of instruction in technical subjects is pro-
vided by the Society. The matter will receive further consideration.

“The Committee recommends the election of Mr. Nevil Story
Maskelyne, F.R.S., of Basset Down House, as a Vice-President.
_ Mr. Story Maskelyne is a past President of the Society, and it needs
no saying that he is one of our most distinguished Members. Mr.

Harold Brakspear, of Corsham, if elected to the post of Hon. Local
Secretary for the N.W. district, will kindly undertake to represent
us and forward our interests.

“According to precedent, the Society met last year in the south
of the county, at Warminster. An account of this Meeting appears
in the last number of the Magazine. A strong and well-organized
“Local Committee undertook all the arrangements, and the Members
“ B 2

4 Report of the Society for the Year July, 1893—Tuly, 1894.

present received a most cordial and hospitable welcome, not only in
Warminster itself, but throughout the district. This year the Com-
mittee selected Marlborough as its meeting-place, under the auspices
of Sir Henry Bruce Meux, Bart., our new President. Marlborough
was visited in September, 1859, and in August, 1879. The records
of both Meetings contain much of permanent interest to the archee-
ologist. The excursions on both occasions were seriously interfered
with by the weather, the storm on Clench Common, on the 13th
August, 1879, being a memorable one, even for that year, the
wettest of the century. It is to be hoped we may be more favoured
in July, 1894. The greater part of the ground to be covered during
this Meeting was never visited from Marlborough before. Ramsbury
and Aldbourne were visited from Hungerford in 1867, but the
records of that Meeting are comparatively brief, and so little in the
way of papers describing the places visited on the excursions then
made seems to have found its way into the Magazine, that nearly
all we hope to see on the first day may be regarded as new to the
Society.

“We are fortunate in having with us the historian of the Hundred
of Ramsbury, who has most kindly undertaken to act as our guide
during the greater part of the day.

“In conclusion, the Committee urges the Members not to relax
their efforts. In this county, .so remarkable for its antiquities,
nobody can for a moment doubt that much yet remains to be dis-
covered and explained who will take the trouble to inspect the
collection of most interesting objects arranged in the Town Hall,
nearly the whole of which have been brought to light since we last
visited Marlborough. As Sir John Lubbock said here in 1879,
‘What has been done in comparison with what remains to do is
really but a flea-bite in the ocean,’ quoting a graphic simile of Sir
George Balfour’s in the House of Commons a few days before.”

Atlemoie of Wer. Hohn egg, of Atlarket
Mavington, CHilts, /
Qn advanced Ornithologist of the 18th Century.

By the Rev. A. C. SMITH. KAk

WSN 1780 was published anonymously, price one shilling, in
GQ iY YMOUBY, |
-S§|) paper covers, ““printed and sold, for the Author, by Collins

and Johnson, of Salisbury ;. sold also by Fielding and Walker, of
Paternoster Row,”’ a post 8vo treatise of x. and 45 pages, bearing on
its title-page the following very lengthy description of its contents,
after the manner of the age-in. which it was written :-—

“A discourse on the Emigration of British Birds, or this Question at last solv’d,
Whence come the Stork and the Turtle, the Crane and the Swallow, when they
know and observe the appointed time of their coming? Containing a curious,
particular and circumstantial account of the respective retreats of all those Birds
of Passage which visit our island at the commencement of spring, and depart at
the approach of winter; as, the Cuckow. Turtle. Stork, Crane, Quail, Goatsucker,
the Swallow tribe, Nightingale, Blackeap, Wheatear, Stonechat, Whinchat,
Willow Wren, Whitethroat, Etotoli, Flycatcher, &c., &c. Also a copious en-
tertaining and satisfactory relation of Winter Birds of Passage, among which are
the Woodcock, Snipe, Fieldfare. Redwing, Royston Crow, Dotterel, &c.; shewing
the different countries to which they retire, the places where they breed, and how
they perform their Annual Emigrations, &c., with a short account of those Birds
that migrate occasionally, or only shift their quarters at certain seasons of the
year. To which are added Reflections on that truly admirable and wonderful
instinct, the Annual Migration of Birds! By a Naturalist.”

What makes. this. treatise so remarkable is that it enunciates the
true story of the migration of birds, so far in advance of general
belief on that point: for at the period when it was written, and
indeed well into the present. century, it. was commonly supposed
that hybernation in hollow trees, holes of rocks and caves, and even
_ submergence at the bottom of ponds, lakes, and rivers, during the
4 winter, was the best explanation of the disappearance of the swallows,
_ warblers, and other soft-billed species in the autumn. We all know

6 Memoir of Mr. John Legg, of Market Lavington, Wiits.

now that such an hypothesis was untenable, yet it prevailed even
among men of scientific attammments; but our anonymous author,
more keenly alive to the truth, rejected these old-world fables, and
boldly announced that migration beyond seas was the true solution
of the problem; and doubtless his assertion, though long since
recognized as the truth, drew down upon him the scorn and ridicule
of many of his contemporaries.

How far this treatise was read, and how far its theory was
accepted, we have no means of knowing; but that it must have
attracted some notice is evident by the fact that a second edition
appeared almost immediately after its issue in 1780, “ printed in
London for Stanley Crowder, Bookseller, No. 12, Paternoster Row,
and B. ©. Collings, Salisbury.” Again a reprint was issued in
“London in 1795 by J. Walker, No. 44, Paternoster Row”; and
once more this reprint was re-issued in “ London in 1814,” with a
new title-page, “Printed for John Brunsby, 33, Castle Street,
Leicester Square,” and instead of “ By a Naturalist,’ we read, “ By
George Edwards,” which, however, was only a rash guess on the
part of the publisher, and a very mistaken guess, as we now know.
The only clue to the true authorship of this book, as contained
within its covers, is that with the date at the end of the Introduction
(page ix.) is given the place where it was written, “ Market
Lavington, Wilts”: and again, at page 6 the author gives his
residence as “ Market Lavington, in Wiltshire.”

By the same author, and at the same date (February Ist, 1780),
and by the same publishers, another pamphlet of similar size and
shape (pages viii. and 52), also in paper covers, was anonymously
issued, entitled :—

“A new Treatise on the art of Grafting and Inoculation : wherein the different
methods are copiously considered ; the most successful pointed out ; and every
thing relative to these ancient healthful and agreeable Amusements, exhibited
in so clear and comprehensive a manner, as will enable those who are perfectly
unacquainted with this Department of Gardening. to become Masters of it in a
very short time. To which are added directions for chusing (sic) the best Stocks
for that purpose, and many curious experiments lately made by the author
calculated in a peculiar manner for the use and advantage of the Gardener, as

well as for those who would wish to make this rural and pleasing exercise, a part of
theiramusement. By an experienced Practitioner in this branch of Gardening.”

i

By the Rev. A. C. Smith. 7

And of this treatise, too, at least a second edition or reprint im-
mediately followed the first :—

“Printed for Stanley Crowder, Bookseller, No. 12, Paternoster Row, and B.C.
Collins, in Salisbury.”

In this, too, there is no clue to the identification of the author
beyond the date at the end of the preface (page vii.), “ Market
Lavington, Wilts”: and after the last page, on the inner sheet of
the cover, the following advertisement appears :—‘‘ This day is
published, price 1s., a Discourse on the Emigration of British. Birds
&e., &. By a Naturalist.

There was yet a third little book of a wholly different character,
entitled :—

“Meditations and Reflections on the most important subjects, or serious
Soliloquies on Life, Death, Judgment.and Immortality. Ry the author of the

Emigration of British Birds, &c., &c:, Printed at Salisbury by B.C. Collins.
1739.”

Published anonymously. It contains maxims of piety, reflections
on a future state, and much self-condemnation, and shows not a
little alarm on account of future retribution for sin. It bears
evident marks of long and severe bodily suffering, and of a mind
ill at ease, with a morbid inclination to look at the-dark.side of life:

and in it the author, though only thirty-four years of age, speaks

of himself as

“long afflicted with a violent nervous disorder, attended with lowness of spirits, -
and great weakness of body . . . . which gradually debilitated my con-
stitution,” which determined me to retire from the world, and give myself up to
a recluse life, and close retirement, and to spend the remainder of my days in
quiet, in religious contemplation and peaceful serenity ”’ (page vii.).

This pamphlet gives a further clue to the identification of our
anonymous author, for previous to the date at the end of the preface

(page x.), “Market Lavington, Wilts, Oct. 2, 1788,” we have the
_ important addition of the author’s initials, “J. L.” Again, bound
up and paged with the same treatise is another short pamphlet,

entitled ‘Meditations in a Churchyard, or, Farther Reflections on

Death and Immortality. By the Author of Emigration, &c.” : and

8 Memoir of Mr. John Legg, of Market Lavington, Wilts.

here, again, at the end of a short preface or advertisement (page
26), we have the locality of the author more accurately given,
“ Townsend, near Market Lavington”: and the date “ Feb. 20, 1789,”
and his initials “J. L.” repeated: so that, from these two little
pamphlets, we have it plainly stated that the initials of the author
of the “ Emigration of British Birds” are J. L. And now we are
getting very near to discovering our author, and indeed, with these
definite marks to guide us, it may seem strange that there should
have been any difficulty in the matter; nor would there have been,
had this third pamphlet come earlier into notice; but it was not
found until after the name of the anonymous author had been
revealed.

In addition to the three little books enumerated above, our author,
still anonymously, contributed a number of articles on various sub-
jects to the “ Ladies’ Magazine”: some on natural history, some on
fiction, and these, too, are signed with the initials “J. L.,” and are
seattered among many volumes of that periodical. I am informed
that he once began a novel, and a few chapters were printed in the
same magazine: and then for some unexplained reason he stopped
short, and left his story incomplete, to the indignation of the dismayed
editor, who doubtless would have endorsed the verdict of his character
as given by one of his surviving descendants, that he was a “ con-
tradictory and strange man.”

Now these little books of J. L. would doubtless have remained
unnoticed and unknown, and the author’s name as profoundly lost
as he intended when he published them anonymously, if Professor
Newton, in his indefatigable researches after such obscure treatises,
had not chanced to come across a copy of the “‘ Emigration of British
Birds’’; and, astonished at the excellent character of the book,
resolved to discover its author; and seeing the locality whence it
was written, ‘“ Market Lavington, Wilts,” at once wrote to me and
desired me to investigate the matter.

It is needless to recount here how often I was baffled in my at-
tempts; how the parish registers yielded no information ; enquiries
at Market Lavington in all directious proved unavailing,and I had
almost proposed to abandon the search as hopeless; but Professor

By the Rev. A. C. Smith. 9

Newton, still sanguine of success, urged me to persevere, and con-

fidently predicted ultimate triumph: and sure enough I had no

sooner addressed a letter of enquiry to the Editors of the two

principal local newspapers, the “ Devizes Gazette” and “ Devizes
Advertiser,’ when a Mr. and Mrs. Brown, of Market Lavington,
replied, and gave the welcome information that the unknown author
was Mr. John Legg, and this was soon afterwards corroborated by
two other independent witnesses, who very kindly wrote to the same
effect.

The name of our author once ascertained, of course it was easy to
follow up his history so far as it could be gathered, though very
meagre and scanty are all the particulars I could gain. Indeed the
marble tablet, erected to his memory in the chancel of Market
Lavington Church, gives the chief details as follows :—“ Sacred to
the memory of John Legg, son of the late Richard and Jane Legg
of this town, who departed this life April 5th 1802 aged 47,” and
then follow the names of his sisters, “ Jane Legg, who died Nov.
14th, 1816 aged 68.” “Mary Legg, who died Deer. 29, 1880,
aged 80.” And “Elizabeth (widow of the Rev. John Palmer,

7 Vicar of Fordington, Dorset), who died Nov. 13, 1829, aged 71.”
The property which once belonged to our author at Market
Lavington still remains in the possession of his family, and though
there are no members of it who bear his name now residing in the

parish, the lands and houses are still owned by a lady of advanced
age, whose mother before her marriage bore the name of Legg; and
at her decease will, I understand, revert to one of the same name,
his great nephew, Mr. Henry J. Legge, now residing at Hollyfield,
Surbiton Hill, Surrey, where I believe the family have for gene-
rations been settled.

The only other relatives of whom I can learn anything were his
brother the Rev. Joseph Legg, who was for about fifty-four years
Perpetual Curate of Maddington, also his son, Richard Henry
Legge (nephew to our author) ; and his niece, the late Mrs. Fowle,
of Market Lavington, whose sole surviving child (Mrs. Ludlow, of
Dorchester) at present holds the Legg property at Market Lavington.
It has been stated that John Legg belonged to a branch of the

10 Memoir of Mr. John Legg, of Market Lavington, ‘Wilts.

Dartmouth family, and it may have been so, but I can find no
evidence of it. It is true that the Dartmouth coat of arms and crest
may be seen surmounting one of the monuments of the Legges in
Market Lavington Church, but these were added in comparatively
recent times by one of the family then residing in the parish, who
asserted a connection, though (so far as we can ascertain) without
authority. There may, however, have been grounds for such
assertion which we have failed to trace. At any rate the present
members of the family repudiate such claim. Lord Dartmouth is
not aware that any branch of his family had settled in Wiltshire»
and the present representative of our author (Mr. Henry Legge)
expressly says “we never claimed any relationship with the Dart-
mouth family.” That the name of the Dartmouth family is spelt
Legge, and our author signed himself Legg, is quite immaterial to
the point in question, as such variations in spelling were common
with our ancestors: moreover, as I am informed by Mr. Legge, of
Surbiton, the final e, though dropped for some years, was originally
added, and was again resumed, and has been in use in his family
for more than ninety years.

To return to our author, Mr. John Legg. When he published
his two treatises on the “Emigration of British Birds,” and on
“ Grafting and Inoculation of Plants,” he was only 25 years of age.
He lived and died a bachelor, and for some time at least, if not to
the end of his short life, his sisters lived with him. He appears to
have had no profession, but to have devoted himself in his early
years to the study of Nature; and he is reported by his descendants
to have practised the art of grafting and inoculation of trees in his
own garden at Lavington: but in the latter part of his life, for he
died in middle age, he was absorbed in religious speculations; and
he appears to have latterly given way to melancholy thoughts and
unhappy broodings, to which he was doubtless predisposed by much
infirmity of body. Family tradition reports that towards the end
of his life he shut himself up almost completely, seldom moving
beyond his garden, where he indulged in reveries, and mused in
solitude: nay, so persistently did he shun the society of his fellows
that he objected to be seen in the village street, and to avoid

By the Rev. A. C. Smith. 11

observation he is said to have made a private path to the Church, by
which he could go unseen by any: and even when a young relative
was taken by her mother to visit him, all she ever saw of the recluse
was his pigtail as he darted upstairs to avoid the interview. His
nephew, too, recorded that he never saw him but once, and that
then he never spoke to him.

These, I regret to say, are all the authentic particulars I am able
to collect about our author’s life and family. I admit that he was
somewhat eccentric: but that he was at the same time a man of
superior intellect is evidenced by his books, and by the correct con-
clusions to which diligent investigation brought him: and the more
on that account is it to be regretted that a larger work, of which he
gives notice in his treatise on “ Emigration of Birds,” is not to be
found either in print or MS. And yet for the assurance that such
a work was written and indeed ready for the press, we have his own
word: for he says:—

“Those who are desirous of being more particularly acquainted with the

natural history of the Snipe, and other British Birds, should consult a work en-
titled, A new and complete Natural History of British Birds, which, with
great labour and expense, we have compiled. This performance is not yet pub-
lished, but it is now going to the press, and will appear in a short time .
A curious, particular, and accurate account is given of every bird found in Great
Britain, whether aquatic, migratory, or local; and every thing relating to the
nature of birds in general, is treated of in as pe aie a manner as the nature
of the subject would allow. In short, we think we may style it, A new and
complete system of British Ornithology. See more of the particulars of this
work in the Ladies Magazine for October, 1779, page 528.” (p. 36.)

And again of the same book he says :—

- “Tt is a work which has lain by me finished some years, but has not yet been
published . . . . It ‘will be comprised in two large volumes octavo, and
will speedily appear. The publication of this performance has been purposely
delayed, in order that it may be rendered as perfect and complete as possible.”

(p. 21.)

_ Of what interest to the British ornithologist would such a work
__ by so accurate an observer, and at that date, be! Of what tenfold,
_ nay, of what infinite interest to the Wiltshire ornithologist !!_ Then
we should know something definite of the Birds of Wilts in 1780.

12 Memoir of Mr. John Legg, of Market Lavington, Wilts.

What valuable information we should gain in regard to the hawks
and other birds of prey, then so abundant, now so nearly extermi-
nated! What accounts of the Commun Kate, then to be seen every
day, now altogether banished from the county! What personal
experiences of the Great Bustard, then frequenting the downs just
above Market Lavington, and all Salisbury Plain, at that time for
the most part an unbroken tract of pasture! What reminiscences
of the Dotterel, even within my recollection to be seen on those same
downs, but now very rarely met with! How familiar he must have
been with the peregrine, the hen harrier, the marsh harrier, the
buzzard, the raven, the great plover, the bittern, and many others,
now so seldom seen in the county!! As I picture to myself the
solitude of those vast plains and downs, when the tinkle of the sheep-
bell was the only sound telling of man’s occupation; when the
whistle of the steam engine was yet unknown; when wheat-hoeing
in the spring (so destructive to such birds as nest on the ground)
was not yet practised; when the sportsman’s only weapon was a
flint-lock gun, and breech-loaders and even percussion caps had not
been invented ; and when to “shoot flying’? was an art only
mastered by a select few; our wild birds enjoyed such security and
freedom from disturbance as one can hardly realize now. And our
author must have learned his experience of Wiltshire ornithology
under these happy conditions; and I repeat that his “ History of
British Birds” would be to the Wiltshire naturalist almost invaluable.
And it is possible, though perhaps hardly probable, that the MS. still
exists: for it is strange how old MSS. which have lain neglected
and unknown for years in some cupboard or box, do occasionally
come to light; and in many a remote country house there are stores
of documents, generally perhaps of little interest, but sometimes of
surpassing value, and such would doubtless be this work in question,
which we know to have been ready for the press in 1780. Should
that MS. still exist, it will, I think, be eventually recovered, for the
late Rev. Edward Ludlow (into whose keeping all the papers be-
longing to that branch of the family came) was happily (as I am
assured by his executor) one who never destroyed any document,
not even an ordinary letter; and that executor (Mr. Hungerford

By the Rev, A. C. Smith. 13

Ludlow Bruges) has promised, when opportunity offers, to make a
careful search, and use every effort to discover the missing MS.

By the kindness of Mr. John Watson Taylor I have seen the
probate of the will of John Legg, dated April 19th, 1786. It is
exceedingly short, and indeed is contained in some half-dozen lines.
But the postscript, or codicil, which is three times as long as the will,
is valuable, in that while it makes mention of the three books which
he wrote (viz., the two books on natural history and that on religion)
it altogether omits any mention of the “ History of British Birds,”
of which he had elsewhere written in such high terms. And this
silence corroborates, we fear, the tradition in the family, that for
some unknown reason, its author subsequently became dissatisfied
with that work, so that it is probable it was never printed, though
it may still perchance exist in MS.

It only remains for me to thank the many kind friends who have
interested themselves in this enquiry and supplied me with many
scraps of information; and more especially am I indebted to the
active cooperation of the clever young lady at Clyffe Hall, in the
parish of Market Lavington, who has gathered for me all the details

to be gained in that locality.
Old. Park,
: August 17th, 1894.

Durials in EHoollen.

By the Rey. Canon E. P. Epprvp.

= HOSE who take an interest in looking from time to time into
our parish registers may have observed in the entries of
burial between the years 1678—1725 a notice that those buried
were buried in woollen, or in sheep’s wool only, and that an affidavit
was brought to that effect: perhaps to some a few words of ex-
_ planation may not be unacceptable.

14 Burials in Woollen.

In this parish (Bremhill) the entries are made by themselves in a
long narrow book, of paper bound in parchment, 6in. wide by nearly
15in. long. The affidavits are generally given under the hand of
some one or other of the clergy of the neighbouring parishes, Calne,
Hilmerton (Hilmarton), Christian Malford, Sutton Benger, &e.
In 1692 an affidavit is brought, under the hand of Sir George
Hungerford, one of His Majesty’s Justices of the Peace; and in
1709, an affidavit under the hand of Thos. Long, one of Her
Majesty’s Justices of the Peace. Sometimes it is noted that no
affidavit is brought, as in the entry of the burial, April 30th, 1698,
of George Hungerford, Esq., to whom there is an elaborate monu-
ment in the chancel of Bremhill Church: in these cases a note is ©
added that the omission was certified to the churchwardens.

In 1711, after the entry that a notification had been given that
no affidavit had been brought, there is a further entry (Oct. 14th)
three weeks after the burial, that the affidavit was brought after all,
“which by neglect had been laid in Wm. Smith’s Junr. his window.”

In 1666 (18 Car. ii., c. iv.) a short Act of two clauses was passed
directing that no one should be buried in any sort of grave clothes
that were not entirely composed of wool, under a penalty of five
pounds: but as this Act was not found to be sufficient, a longer
Act was passed in 1678 (80 Car., ii., c. 11.,) which recites the previous
Act, and declares that it was intended for the “lessening the Im-
portation of Linnen from beyond the seas and the encouragement
of the Woollen and Paper Manufacturers of this Kingdom.”

Section ii. enacts that “‘ Noe Corps of any person or persons shall
be buried in any Shirt Shift Sheete or Shroud or any thing what-
soever made or mingled with Flax Hempe Silke Haire Gold or
Silver or any Stuffe or thing other than what is made of Sheeps’
Wooll onely, or be putt in any coffin lined or faced with any sort
of Cloath or Stuffe or any other thing whatsoever that is made of
any Materiall but Sheep’s Wooll onely, upon paine of the forfeiture
of five pounds of lawfull Money of England, &e.”’ Other sections
enact that persons in holy orders are to keep a register: that an -
affidavit is to be brought, this affidavit to be made before a justice
of the peace for the county or other person authorized by the Act.

By the Rev. Canon Eddrup. 15

Half of the penalty is to go to the poor of the parish and half to
the informer. Section viii. re-enacts the second clause of the Act
of 1666, which declared that in the case of persons dying of the
plague no penalty should be incurred although they were not buried
in such manner as was directed by the Act. Section ix. appoints
that “this Act shall be publiquely read upon the first Sunday after
the Feast of St. Bartholomew every yeare for seaven yeares next
following, presently after Divine Service.” ;

An illustration of the observance of this Act may be found in an
amusing book of travels of this period, written in French and
translated into English. In’ 1698 there was published at the Hague
a volume in small 8vo by H. M. de V., 7.e., Henri Misson de
Valbourg; it became popular enough to obtain translation into
English, and in 1719 it came out in London as “M. Misson’s
Memoirs and Observations in his Travels over England, &c., disposed
in Alphabetical Order, written originally in French and translated
by Mr. Ozell.” This work is dedicated to Sir James Bateman, and
in the preface (p. vii.) the translator, relating an interview which
he had had with Sir James, says, “I told him I had heard his Son
_ was a perfect gentleman, even without being vicious.” There are
Many curious and amusing observations on such points relating to
- manners and customs as might attract the notice of a foreigner :
such as the choosing kings and queens on Twelfth Night; the
_ making mince pies at Christmas, of the composition of which delicacy
he gives an elaborate account; ceremonies observed at marriages
_ and funerals, such as the carrying of a sprig of rosemary in the
4 hand, which each person threw in after the coffin. Sir Henry Ellis
has frequently availed himself of Misson’s Travels in his notes to
his edition of Brand’s Popular Antiquities.

_ Among other things Misson is struck with this, as it seems to
him, strange custom of burying in woollen, about which he says
_ (p. 88: in the French edition, p. 130), “There is an Act of Parlia-
_ ment which ordains that the dead shall be buried in a woollen stuff
_ which is a kind of thin bays, which they call flannel ; nor is it lawful
Bi ito use the least needleful of thread or silk. (The intention of this

\ct is for the encouragement of the woollen manufacture.) This

16 Burials in Woollen,

shift is always white; but there are different sorts of it as to fineness,
and consequently of different prices. To make these dresses is a
particular trade and there are many that sell nothing else.” The
shirt for a man “has commonly a sleeve purfled about the wrists
and the slit of the shirt done in the same manner. This should be
at least half a foot longer than the body that the feet of the deceased
may be wrapped in it asin a bag. Upon the head they put a cap
which they fasten with a very broad chin-cloth, with gloves on the
hands, and a cravat round the neck, all of woollen. The women
have a kind of head-dress with aforehead cloth, . . . . That
the body may ly the softer, some put a lay of bran about 4in. thick
at the bottom of the coffin. The coffin is sometimes very magni-
ficent. The body is visited to see that it is buried in flannel, and
that nothing is sewed with thread. They let it lye three or four
days.”

Pope, in his Moral Essays (Hp., i., 246—251), when giving ex-
amples of the ruling passion strong in death, thus refers to the
custom :—

*Odious! in woollen! ’twould a saint provoke,
Were the last words that poor Narcissa spoke:
No, let a charming chintz and Brussels lace
Wrap my cold limbs, and shade my lifeless face :
One would not, sure, be frightful when one’s dead:
And—Betty—give this cheek a little red.”

The mistress was the celebrated Mrs. Oldfield; the maid, Mrs.
Saunders, her friend, also a clever actress.

It would seem that some were much too fashionable to comply
with this regulation about burying in woollen; and in these cases
it was, I believe, the custom that a servant of the household, or
someone to whom it was desired to offer a gratuity, should go and
give the information that the law had not been complied with, and
receive half of the penalty; while the other half of the five pounds
was distributed to the poor.

‘SLTIM ‘NILUVW ‘SLNIVS ‘T1IV

era vt
vot

17

The Church of AN Sninis, AWartin, Wilts,

6HIS Church is one of very great archzeological interest, and
HS the structure has been little interfered with by recent resto-
The plan consists of chancel and nave with a north aisle
(or chapel) to both, a chapel and a porch on the south of the nave,
and a western tower with spire.

The westernmost part of the nave was the entire nave of a small
Norman Church, the walls of which have been modified by subse-

"quent alterations, but not demolished, and it forms the nucleus of

the present Church. The limits of this nave can be clearly traced

_ by a quoin on the north side near the aisle; it was about 24ft. by

7

17ft. inside the walls, and the height is indicated by the drip course
on the tower. The nave had the usual arrangement of a doorway
both on the north and the south, in about the centre of its length,
and the evidence of these is strong corroboration of that afforded by

the quoin above referred to, the latter marking the length eastwards,

The remains of the now built-up doorway on the north side (in-
cluding a flat tympanum) indicate a period of about 1080; the
south door has given way to one of lofty proportions but uncertain
date (? fourteenth century) in the same position. The Norman
work has neither buttress nor plinth.

Against the Norman nave a western tower was erected during
the first quarter of the thirteenth century; this was two stages in
height, extending to the top of the present middle stage, and had three
buttresses on each of the three outside faces, of which the following

_ only remain intact, the remainder having been since altered :—

On west. The middle one and the one near the north-west
angle, each with one set-off at mid-height.

On north. The one near the north-west angle, with one
set-off.

On south. The middle one only—this is flatter than the
rest, and has no set-off.

VOL. XXVJII.—NO. LXXXII. Cc

18 The Church of Ali Saints, Martin, Wilts.

The coeval archway into the nave remains intact; it consists of
two orders of chamfers, the inner one springing from pier-shafts
with moulded caps and bases. In the west wall of the lower stage
was a small square-headed window on each side of the central
buttress—one of these has been altered, as referred to later. The
upper stage of this early tower had lancets in the west and south
walls only; the former remains intact, but the latter can only be
seen by a trace inside. The steep pitch of the drip course on the
east face of the tower is strong testimony to its having been formed to
follow the lines of a Norman nave roof then existing. A small two-
light window was inserted in the Norman south wall of the nave
(now between porch and chapel) near the end of thethirteenth century.

The next alteration of the Church was the re-building of the
chancel, and with it, doubtless, the extension of the nave to its
present length ; but the evidence of the latter has been destroyed in
the addition of subsequent chapels (or the nave might have been
lengthened at an earlier period when the small south window above
referred to was inserted). The chancel dates from very early in the
fourteenth century, and no subsequent alterations in the walls have
been made other than the insertion of a piscina and of the archway
and squint into the chapel; the archway opening from the nave has
two orders of chamfers carried round arch and jambs, the inner one
having a curious small moulded impost or cap—no base is visible,
but this probably exists below the raised fioor. There are two
two-light windows, each with trefoil in the tracery, in the south
wall with a priests’ door between them; a similar window exists in
the north wall of the sanctuary. The east window is a three-light
one of coeval date, with three circles in the tracery, and it is re-
markable that there is no cusping to the tracery of either window.

The roof is at present ceiled underneath, but the fourteenth
century moulded plate is visible, and there is every reason to suppose
that the trussed-rafter roof of that period exists. There are no
buttresses or plinth to this work.

At near the end of the fourteenth century the south porch was
added to the nave, and transept chapels, each of one bay, were
erected on the north and south of the nave, commencing at near the

By C. BE. Ponting, F.S.A. 19

end of the Norman work and extending in width about half-way
between this and the chancel. The archways opening into the nave
are of two orders of chamfers, the outer carried down to the floor
and the inner dying out on the jamb. ‘The south chapel remains
unaltered—it has diagonal buttresses at the angles, and a three-light
window with flowing tracery in the south gable. In the south wall
is a richly-moulded piscina with ogee cusped arch, a square bowl
partially cut away, and an added wood shelf. The existence of this
feature here indicates the dedication of the chapel as a chantry.
The original roof remains, with moulded tie-beam and central king-
post with braces.
Late in the fifteenth century (circa 1490—1500) the north chapel
| was extended in length to overlap part of the chancel and converted
into an adjunct more resembling an aisle with roof running east
and west instead of transept-wise as before, a second arch being
inserted in the wall of the nave eastward of the original one (a flat
pier being left between them), and a corresponding one in the north
wall of the chancel. In carrying out these alterations the fourteenth
century walls appear to have been re-built (or re-faced), for, like the
rest of the work of this chapel, they have no buttresses ; the external
masonry throughout is the same coursed stone and flint work, and
the same plinth mould is carried round. But the north and west
_ windows were re-inserted in their former positions; thus, although
_ the west wall became a gable under the new plan, the same low
two-light square-headed window which formerly came under the
eaves was retained, and kept at its low level, and a new two-light
square-headed window of the type prevailing at the date of the
alteration placed over, but not central with it, making a curious
two-storey arrangement; then the three-light window in the north
_ wall was replaced opposite the arch, as it would have originally
existed when in the centre of the north gable of the transept chapel.
The rest of the work in this aisle chapel is of the late and somewhat de-
based type of Perpendicular prevailing early in the sixteenth century.
Tho doorway in the north wall and the east window of three lights
_have four-centred arches, and the latter is without cusps in the tracery,
‘The waggon-head roof still remains. In the north wall of this
c2

—-- * “a

20 The Church of All Saints, Martin, Wilts.

chapel (not central with either of the two easternmost bays, nor quite
opposite the pier coming between them) is a very remarkable recessed
five-light bay window of quite a domestic type, but coeval with the
enlargement of the chapel, and like the east window there is no
cusping in the head; it projects on the outside and is roofed
transversely with the rest, the recess is carried to the floor inside
(not like the somewhat similar specimen at North Bradley, where it
stops at the sill level, forming the mensa of a tomb) and is separated
from the chapel by an archway of the same type as the two opening
into the nave and chancel, respectively. These arches of two orders
of chamfers spring from pier shafts with moulded capitals of debased
type, and the centre from which they are described is below the cap
level. There are two small crosses cut on the abaci of the caps to
the bay. A squint was formed at this time between the chapel and
the chancel, directed towards the high altar, and a large piscina
with square sunk bowl (without projection beyond the wall) was
inserted in the south wall of the chancel.

At about the same time important alterations were made in the
nave. The walls were raised to their present level (the coursed flint
and stonework clearly distinguishes this from the Norman work on
the south side), and the waggon-head roof of four bays with tie-
beams and plaster panels, which now remains, was put on. The
westernmost window on the north side, without cusping, label, or
inner arch, was also inserted; it has since lost its mullions. The
other window in this wall is an earlier insertion (circa 1430) and has
an outside label mould and inside arch, but it, too, is now without
mullions or tracery. [The easternmost window in the south wall of
the nave is a modern insertion. |

In spite of the tower having already shown serious signs of
settlements, the builders in the first half of the fifteenth century
did not hesitate to raise it by one stage, and upon this to erect a
stone spire, but before doing so they proceeded to strengthen the
thirteenth century substructure, the foundations of which were very
defective. Underpinning of existing walls does not seem to have
been practised in the medizval period, but instead of it one fre-
quently meets with immense buttresses and ties, which must have —

By ©. B. Ponting, F.S.A. 21

been much more costly. In this case, although the state of the
earlier foundations must have been discovered in strengthening the
buttresses (which are carried deeper), they were let alone, and the
following works were done :—a large piece of the south-west angle
was re-built (advantage being taken of this to insert a two-light
window in the west wall south of the central buttress), the two
adjacent buttresses were taken down and a diagonal one erected ;
the middle buttress on the north side was extended in projection
and carried higher—(the difference between the earlier and later
parts of this buttress is clearly seen, and it is interesting to see that
oyster shells are used in the mortar joints of the latter, but not in
the former ;) the easternmost buttresses on the north and south sides
were similarly treated, but not carried so high. The fifteenth
century upper stage of the tower has a two-light window in each
: face, and a plain parapet, within which the spire rises; the latter is
_ divided in height by three stone bands, or collars, formed of plain
_ projecting semi-roll mouldings.
_ There is a sundial cut on the south-west buttress of the south
5 chapel, and the half of another on the quoin suggests that the latter
(at least) is older than the chapel—the dial stone having been cut
and re-used.
In 1857 the interior of the Church underwent restoration and
re-seating, but the fabric remains unaltered. In carrying out the
work then done the floor of the chancel was raised. It is evident
from the level of the piscina, and from the fact that the bases of
both of the later arches in the north aisle chapel (opening into nave
and chancel respectively, the base of the latter being now hidden)
are on the same level, that the level of the nave floor was carried
through, without any step, to the east end of the chancel, with
‘perhaps one step on which the altar was placed—although this could
not have been carried across to the south wall. This arrangement,
originally made in the fourteenth century, was not found incon-
y enient at the end of the fifteenth, when the piscina was inserted,
and it seems a pity that our nineteenth century use could not have
been so adapted to it as to avoid so radical an alteration of the
building.

Alotes from the Diary of Sir Anthonp Ashlep
Cooper, Fwst Garl of Shattesburp :

Born 1621, Died 1683,

By THE LATE J, WaAYLEN.

[These notes are printed as they were left by Mr. Waylen. He had intended
writing a fuller memoir, but this was never done. ]

(AS@=cCHE estates of this knight in Wiltshire were at Purton,
“¥ij< Damerham, Martin, and Loders: his Dorset seat was St.
Giles, Wimborne. His father dying early left him in the hands of
the following trustees:—Sir Daniel Norton, a sea-captain residing
at Southwick, near Portsmouth; Mr. Hannam, of Wimborne; and
Mr. Edward Tooker, his uncle, of Salisbury and Maddington, with
the latter of whom he principally resided during his minority. In
1637 he was entered at Exeter College, Oxford, and early showed
his pluck by organizing and heading an insurrection against the
barbarous practice of “'Tucking Freshmen.” Time out of mind it
had been the custom for one of the seniors, acting as executioner-
general for the occasion, to summon the freshmen up to the hall-fire,
on a given evening, and bidding them hold out their chins, then with
the nail of his right thumb (left long for the purpose) to grate off
all the skin from the lip to the chin; concluding the torture by
compelling the victim to drink a glass of salt-and-water; and so on
till all the new comers of that year had been treated. Young ©
Cooper perceiving that the freshmen contemporary with himself
happened to be more than usually stalwart and numerous, engaged
with them to act in unison, and to strike a decisive blow in defence
of their chins; and as it was expected that his own name would be
the first called, he consented to give the signal for attack. The |
senior who summoned him happened to be a son of the Earl of
Pembroke. Cooper, nothing daunted, opened the campaign by

—-

—_ a

Sergeant Godbolt, who were the two Judges for this circuit.

Notes from the Diary of Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper. 28

striking tho young lord a box on the ear, when the rest of the
freshmen simultaneously fell on, and soon cleared the buttery and
hall. But a number of bachelors and young masters arriving in
aid of the seniors, the freshmen were compelled to retreat to a
ground chamber in the quadrangle, whither the enemy closely
pursued them and pressed hard upon the door for entrance. Some
of the strongest of the freshmen within, whom Cooper describes as
“iant-like boys,” suffered a few to come in, and kept the rest out.
The few thus admitted were now in fact prisoners, and would have
been severely handled by the youngsters had not Cooper, exercising
his authority as captain, wisely preferred to negotiate with them in
order to secure their services in making peace with the authorities.
Dr. Prideaux, the old rector of the college, who had been summoned
to suppress the mutiny, was by this time on the spot; and as his
sympathies were always in favour of youthful daring, articles of
pardon were soon arranged, and the foolish custom of “ tucking ”
was abolished for ever from Oxford, though it continued in force
some time longer at Cambridge.

In the election for the Long Parliament, 1640, Sir Anthony
Ashley Cooper stood for Downton, in Wiltshire. There was a
double return, viz., of himself and Mr. Gorges, and both parties
petitioned. The Committee of Privileges, to whom it was referred,
never reported ; and by this manoouvre (supposed to be intentional)
the borough remained open all through the long contest which
ensued, till after the death of Cromwell. Sir Anthony successfully

_ reasserted his claim at the sitting of the Rump in 1658, when he

used his influence in restoring the King.
In December, 1646, Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper was nominated
Sheriff of Wilts in the Parliament’s behalf, leave being given him

at the same time to reside out of the county. From:a brief journal

of events kept by him during that and the four succeeding years,

the following extracts possess some local as well as personal interest :

“1646. 7th August. I went from Farnham to Salisbury. 8th. Went
with Mr. Thistlethwaite the High Sheriff to meet the Judges, Judge Rolle and

10th. Sat
with Judge Godbolt on the Crown side, being the only Justice there besides the

_ Judge and clerk of assize in the Commission of oyer and terminer. I was sworn:

24 Notes from the Diary of Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper,

this day a Justice of the peace for the County of Wilts before Mr. Turner. The
Justices present this day were Mr. William Eyre the younger, Mr. Edward
Tooker, Mr. Bennett, Mr. Joy, Mr. Hussey, Mr. Giles Eyre, Mr. Turner, Mr.
Dove, Mr. Barnaby Coles, Mr. Francis Swanton. I am in commission for oyer
and terminer this whole circuit. -On the 11th Sir John Danvers came and
sat with us. Seven were condemned to die, four for horsestealing, two for
robbery, one for killing his wife; he broke her neck with his hands; it was
proved that he touching her body the day after, her nose bled afresh ; four burnt
in the hand, one for felony, three for manslaughter ; the same sign followed one
of them, viz., of the corpse bleeding. 12. Iand the Sheriff of Wilts begged
the life of one Prichett one of those seven condemned, because he had been a
Parliament Soldier. I waited on the Judges to Dorchester.

“August 15. Sat at the Dorchester Committee . . . . I got the par-
sonage of Abers for the repair of Harnham bridge at Salisbury——17th.
Went to Wimborne to my cousin Hannam’s. Met my cousin Earle and divers
other gentlemen at Brianston bowling-green, where we bowled all day, and in
the evening Mr. Earle and I went to Tollard to Mr. Plott’s. 28th. Came
to Madington in Wiltshire to see my uncle Tooker. 10th Sep. Came to
my house in Holborn where my wife and her mother were.

“October 6. Came to Marlborough to the Quarter Sessions, where Mr.
Hussey, Judge, myself, and Mr. William Eyre the younger, Edward Tooker,
Francis Swanton, George Joy, Mr. Bennett of Norton, and Mr. Howe of Berwick
were Justices. 7th. Sat at the quarter sessions all the day. 8th.
Sat at the quarter sessions part of the morning and went afterwards to Purton.
12th. Came from Purton to Marlborough and lay at the Bear.
13th. Came to Salisbury and Jay at my uncle Tooker’s.

“December. I was by both houses of Parliament made High Sheriff of the
County of Wilts. I was by Ordinance of Parliament made one of the Committee
of Dorset and Wilts for Sir Thomas Fairfax’s army contribution. Mr.
William Eyres a bencher of Lincoln’s Inn, died, a special friend of mine, and
made me one of his executors in trust and gave me £10 in plate. 16th. I
and my wife and sister removed from my house at London towards Salisbury
and came to Egham. 17th. To Basingstoke. 18th. Came to my
house at Salisbury. Iyrented Mr. Hyde’s house in the Close next to the Deanery.

“1647. March 13th. The Judges came into Salisbury, Justice Rolle and
Sergeant Godbolt. They went hence the 17th. I had sixty men in liveries, and
kept an ordinary for all gentlemen at Lawes’s, four shillings, and two shillings
for blue men. I paid for all. There were sixteen condemned to die, whereof
fourteen suffered. George Phillips condemned for stealing a horse, I got his
reprieve, and another for the like offence was reprieved by the Judge. There
were more burnt in the hand than condemned.

“29th. My wife miscarried of a child she was eleven weeks gone with.

“This month I raised the country twice and beat out the soldiers designed for
Ireland, who quartered on the county without order and committed many
robberies. April 5th to 8th. Came to Pawlet and kept my court there.
24th. I was bound in three bonds for my brother John Coventry, first
to Giles Eyre of Whiteparish in Wilts Esq. for £150, we two only—2nd to
Dorothy and Anne Awbery daughters of William Aubery of Meere Esq. for £390,

‘
i
|
.

_ Stockton and came home to Salisbury.

aaa

First Earl of Shaftesbury: born 1621, died 1688. 25

we two only : 3rd to Henry Whitaker, of Shaftesbury Esq. for £500, we two
and Sir Gerard Napper. For all these I have his counter-bond. [Other tran-
sactions of this nature recorded in behalf of Coventry, who was compounding
for delinquency. ]

“14th June. My wife, myself, and my sister, began our journey to Bath and
came this night to Trowbridge. 15th. We came to Bath, where my wife
made use of the Cross-bath to strengthen her against miscarriage. We lay at
Mrs. Bedford’s by that bath. 17th. Came back to my house at Salisbury
and dined at Madington. 18th. We met at Wilton at bowls. Went with
my uncle Tooker to Madington that night. 22nd. Went to Bath to my
wife.

“August 14th. The Judges came to Salisbury, Judge Godbolt and Sergeant
Wilde. They went hence the 18th. Four condemned to die, one for a robbery,
two for horsestealing, one for murder. Yorke that was for the robbery I got his
reprieve. The Justices present were Sir Edward Hungerford, Mr. Edward
Tooker, Mr. John Ashe, Mr, Whitehead, Colonel Ludlow, Mr, William Eyre,
Mr, Giles Eyre, Mr. Bennet of Norton, Mr. Joy, Mr. Aubrey, Mr. Sadler, Mr.
Hippesley, Mr. Howe of Wishford, Mr, Howe of Berwick, Mr. Dove, Mr.
Stephens, Mr. Coles, Mr. Swanton, Mr. Goddard of Upham. At the last Assize
Sir John Danvers was present. I kept my ordinary at the Angel, four shillings
for the gentlemen, two for their men, and a cellar.

“ August 26th. I met the Commissioners for the assessment for Sir Thomas
Fairfax’s Army at the Devizes, and came to Madington at night. The com-
missioners present were myself, Mr. Tooker, Mr. Jenner, Mr. Dove, Mr. Bennett,
Mr. Sadler, Mr. Hippesley, Mr. Edward Martin, Mr. Gabriel Martin, Mr. Jesse,
Mr. Thomas Bailey, Mr. Brown, Mr. John Stephens, Mr. William Coles, Mr.
Thomas Carter, Mr. Nicholas, of Semley, Mr. Ditton, Mr. Read, Mr. Crouch.

“In July last I settled my brother George’s estate on him, who was some
months since married to one of the co-heirs of Mr. Oldfield of London, sugar-
baker. I gave my brother freely £4000 for his preferment, and an annuity of
£55 per annum for one life, and cleared it of my sister’s portion.” *

“September 2. I went to Warminster and sat on the Commission for Sir
Thomas Fairfax’s army-contribution. There were Commissioners myself, Mr.
Bennet of Norton, Mr. Carter, Mr. Crouch, Mr. Jesse. I lay there that night.
——15th. My uncle Tooker and I went to the Devizes, where we met the
Commissioners for Sir Tho. Fairfax’s army—present myself, Mr. Tooker, Mr.
Alexander Popham, Mr. Bennet, Mr. Crouch, Mr. Carter, Mr. Bailey, Mr. Jesse,
Mr. Martin the elder, Mr. Ditton, Mr. Read, Mr. Stokers, Mr. Brown, Mr.
Manning. We came back to Maddington to bed. 27th. Went to War-
minster and sat in the Commission. 28th. Dined at Mr. Topp’s at
October 2. Went to Tottenham

* This sister, Philippa Cooper, married Sir Adam Brown, of Betchworth Castle,
in Surrey, and died at a great age in 1701. The brother, George, lived at
Clarendon Park, near Salisbury. He is conjectured to be the George Cooper who
was made one of the Commissioners of the Admiralty by the Rump Parliament
in 1659; and was probably also the George Cooper who represented Poole in
the Convention Parliament of 1660. Christie’s Memoirs of Shaftesbury, 73.

26 Notes from the Diary of Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper,

to the Marquis of Hartford and lay there this night and the 3rd. 4th.
Went to my own house at Pirton to keep my court there. 6th. Went
to Malmesbury to return up my money. 7th. Returned to Salisbury.

“November 12. The little ship called the Rose, wherein I have a quarter
part, which went for Guinea, came to town this term, blessed be God. She has
been out about a year, and we shall but make our money. 27th. Went
with my brother John Coventry to Oxsted to see my Lady Coventry, and my
sister Packington who was lately delivered of her daughter Margaret.

“January 21, 1648. My brother John Coventry sealed a deed of all his
lands to me, Sir Gerard Napper, Thomas Child, and Edmund Hoskins, Esqs.
for the payment of those debts we are engaged for him.

“This month Mr. Hastings and Mr. Hooper, feofees in trust for my father’s
estate, conveyed to me the manor of Pawlet, for which I paid formerly to
the Court of Wards £2500.

“February 11. I had my writ of discharge from being Sheriff of Wiltshire
delivered me by my uncle Tooker, who succeeded me in my office. 14th.
I fell sick of a tertian ague, whereof I had but five fits, through the mercy
of the Lord.

“March. I went and waited on the Judges at their lodgings, the Judges
were Judge Godbolt and Sergeant Wilde. 7th. I dined with the Judges,
but I sat not on the bench all this Assize for fear the cold might have made
me relapse into an ague. Apri] 4. Mr. Swanton and I kept a privy
sessions at Salisbury. Mr. Giles Eyre sat with us this day.

“July. Mem. The bond wherein I was bound to Mr. Giles Eyre with
my brother Coventry is paid and cancelled. This bond was for £150 dated
April, 1647.

“August 6th. Dined with Sir G. Napper at More-Critchell, and heard
Mr. Hussey preach.* ‘23rd. Went to Salisbury to meet Mr. William
Hussey, Mr. Norden, Mr. William Eyres. We all met on commission directed
to us out of Chancery to hear and certify the cause betwixt Lowe and Sadler
about Fisherton Manors. We adjourned there on the commission till the
26th, and adjourned till the 12th September. 26th. Went to Salisbury
to the Assizes. 30th. The Judge Mr. Sergeant Wilde who came alone
this circuit, came into Salisbury. 31st. We began the Assize, where were
present Sir John Evelyn, Colonel Whitehead, myself, who were all three com-
commissioners of oyer and terminer, Mr. William Hussey, Mr. Yorke, Mr.
Stephens, counsellors, Mr. Norden, Mr. Joy, Mr. Bennet of Norton, Mr.
William Eyres, Mr. Long, Mr. Coles, Mr. William Littleton, Mr. Dove, Mr.
Sadler, Mr. Rivett. My uncle Tooker, High Sheriff.

“September 2. I had a verdict against St. John for my common in
Lydeard, myself the plaintiff, and £80 damages given me. The last Summer
Assize I had another verdict against him and Webb, myself the plaintiff.

“November. This term I borrowed of my aunt Mrs. Alice Coventry
£1100 for which I gave her my bond. In February I mortgaged my manor
of Pawlet to my aunt Mrs. Alice Coventry for £1100 I owed her.

* Mr. Hussey, afterwards minister of Hinton Martin, had been Sir Anthony’s
servitor at college.

First Earl of Shaftesbury: born 1621, died, 1683. 27

March 3. Went to Oxsted in Surrey to wait on my wife’s mother
3 April. Went to Marlborough on my way to Pirton for my rents.
6th. Came to the Devizes in my way home, having called at Malmesbury
to return my money to London. May 2. Mr. Plott and I went to
Poole to buy sack, and returned at night. I was made by the States a
commissioner in their Act of contribution for the Counties of Wilts and Dorset.
“July 4. I came to Salisbury. 10th. My wife, just as she was
sitting down to supper, fell suddenly into an apopletical convulsion fit. She
recovered that fit after some time, and spake, and kissed me, and complained
only of her head; but fell again in a quarter of an hour, and then never
came to speak again, but continued in fits and slumbers until next day. At
noon she died. She was with child the fourth time, and within six weeks of
her time. She was a lovely beautiful fair woman, a religious devout Christian,
: of admirable wit and wisdom, beyond any I ever knew, yet the most sweet
. affectionate and observant wife in the world. Chaste, without a suspicion of
the most envious, to the highest assurance of her husband; of a most noble
and bountiful mind, yet very provident in the least things, exceeding all in
anything she undertook, housewifery, preserving, works with the needle,
cookery; so that her wit and judgment were expressed in all things, free
from any pride or forwardness. She was in discourse and counsel far beyond
any woman.*

* August 16. I was sworn a Justice of peace for the Counties of Wilts
and Dorset by Mr. Swanton. This was the first time I acted since the king’s
death.

“October 2. Went to Marlborough. 3rd. Sat at Sessions in the
morning where were present ten Justices, myself, Mr. Swanton, Mr. Littleton,
Mr. Joy, Mr. Sadler, Mr. Hippesley, Colonel Ayres of Hurst, Lieut.-Col Read,
Captain Martin, Mr. Shute. In the afternoon I went to Pirton.

“1650. 17 January. To Salisbury to the Sessions and over and terminer.
Present Mr, Bond, High Sheriff [and thirteen others]. We all this day
subscribed the Engagement.

71 March. To Salisbury Assize, Judge Nicholas Chief Justice.
Laid the first stone of my house at St. Giles.

“15 April. I was married to Lady Frances Cecil, and removed my lodging
to Mr. Blake’s by Exeter House.- 2 July. My wife and I and my sister
‘came from London to Bagshot on our way westward. 2rd. Came to
Basingstoke. 4th. To St. Giles, Wimborne.” [The diary ends with this
month. ]

In Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper’s report to the Parliament of his

19th.

[* This excellent lady was Margaret, daughter of Thomas, Lord Coventry,
Keeper of the Great Seal. She left no surviving issue. Cooper, in his seeond
marriage, as in his first, sought the alliance of Royalist houses. The second
marriage, which took place in 1650, with Lady Frances Cecil, daughter of
David, third Earl of Exeter, was also of short duration, but was not without
issue. Two sons were born, the second of whom inherited his father’s titles
and possessions. In 1656 Cooper married a third wife, but he had no more
children. |

28 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.

storming Abbotsbury, in Dorset, in October, 1644, he says Major
Baynton, at the head of the victors, stormed and took the Church.
Many on both sides fell in this affair by a magazine exploding. Sir
Anthony’s own conduct was marked by much personal daring.

In 1644—December—OCooper says the enemy have deserted
Wellington, Wyrwail, and Cokam Houses, which two last they
burnt on quitting. They also burnt Mr. Crewe’s house. Cokam is
Colcombe, in Devonshire, an old seat of the Courtenays, the other,
Worle, in Somersetshire.

When Cooper left the King he compounded for all his penalties
as a Royalist by a fine of £500. It was never paid, and Cromwell
finally exonerated him in 1657.

Alotes on the Corporation Blate and Ansignia
of Wiltshire.
By the Rev. E. H. Gopparp.*

‘HE mace now so well known as the principal of the insignia
{ys of municipal corporations, and therefore as peculiarly con-
nected with the centres of trade and the exercise of the arts of peace,
is really the direct modern descendant of the ancient weapon of war

* A portion of this paper was read at the Warminster Meeting of the Society,
in 1893, and a short abstract of it was subsequently printed in the Tllustrated
Archeologist for March, 1894, vol. i., pp. 219—224. The illustrations are all
of them reduced by photo-lithography from full-sized pen-and-ink drawings
taken by myself from the articles they represent. For the loan of four of the
blocks the Society is indebted to Mr. W. H. St. John Hope, in whose forthcoming
great work on the “ Corporation Plate and Insignia of England and Wales”
they willappear. The original drawings here illustrated, and others representing
the more modern pieces of corporation plate, will be deposited in the Society’s
Museum, at Devizes.

q
»

By the Rev. B. H. Goddard. 29

known by the same name. It is true that in its modern develop-
ment it bears but little resemblance to its prototype, but still the
steps by which its form has gradually grown to what it is can be
readily traced.

The mace in its original form of a wooden club is probably one
of the oldest forms of offensive weapon used by man. But it is the
mace in its medieval form with which we have to do. As Chancellor
Fergusson shows in his interesting paper in the Arch@ological Journal
for 1884, at the Battle of Hastings, as seen in contemporary
representations, the maces used for close quarters had globular heads
ofiron. Against a blow delivered by a powerful arm with such a
weapon the flexible shirts of mail then in vogue must have been but
a poor defence. Accordingly plate-armour was invented to resist
the blows of the mace, and then the solid head of the mace was
grooved, and eventually armed with projecting triangular flanges,
or with spikes, which should penetrate and tear the armour.

These flanged maces were in use in the fifteenth and sixteenth
centuries, but soon after the beginning of the sixteenth century the
pistol superseded the mace as at once a more handy and more
effective weapon for close quarters.

Mr. Fergusson points out that at least as early as the fourteenth
century, both in Hngland and France, the mace was the special
weapon of the King’s serjeants-at-arms, who formed his peculiar
body-guard, and as a mark of high favour it became usual to grant
to mayors, and others to whom the royal authority was delegated,
the right to have one or more “ serjeants-at-arms,” or serjeants-at-
mace—“ servientes ad clavas.”

As the mace, then, was the symbol of royal authority delegated by
the Sovereign it was necessary that a place should be found for the
royal arms. They could not well be placed on the flanged head, so
the butt end of the civic mace was slightly enlarged and the arms
engraved thereon. The butt thus became really a more important
_ part than the head, and by the principle of evolution grew and
_ increased at the expense of the head, until it swelled gradually into
_ a bell-shaped protuberence, whilst the now useless flanges decreased.
in size. Then the mace was turned upside down, and what had

30 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.

been the head of the old war mace became the handle of the mace
of dignity, and the original knob of the handle swelled into a large
bowl-shaped head bearing the royal arms, and in later times sur-
mounted by the open arches and the ball and cross of the royal
crown. The flanges, on the other hand, gradually diminished until
they became mere flutings on what in some of the earlier specimens
remained the iron handles of the mace, or developed into merely
ornamental scrolls—disappearing altogether in the maces of the
eighteenth century, and only leaving rudimentary evidence of their
former existence in the ornamental foot knop in which they end.

This gradual evolution could be traced in the most interesting
way in the remarkable collection of maces, numbering nearly two
hundred, from all parts of England, exhibited at the Mansion
House during the London Meeting of the Royal Archeological
Institute in 1893. The change could be traced step by step from
the flanged war mace, such as the iron specimen of the early
sixteenth century possessed by Grantham, in Lincolnshire, and the
earliest of the civic maces, such as that of Hedon, in Yorkshire, of
the time of Henry VI., with its iron grip; and the two handsome
Winchcombe maces of the fifteenth century, with triangular flanges
at the butt-end, evidently following the lines of the war mace of
the time—through the small, short, plain-stemmed, semi-globular
headed maces of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries,
with their single fleur-de-lys cresting—to the large, long-stemmed,
bowl-headed, crowned, and elaborately-crested examples of the later
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

The County of Wilts, although it possesses only seventeen maces
in all, is fortunate in having good examples of most of the steps in
this curious process of evolution.

The earliest are those of Wootton Bassett, which are dated 1603.
These are of the type of still earlier examples, and show the flanges
on the butt-end in unusual perfection—scarcely altered, indeed, ex-
cept in size, from what they originally were on the weapon of war.
The heads are semi-globular, and plain, except for a low cresting of
fleur-de-lys.

Next comes the beautiful smaller mace at Wilton, dated 1639, in

SIT AVIA

ya

(24

PZ

gi

=

fs

Ps

(x) MACE, WOOTTON BASSETT, 1603. (2) MACE, MALMESBURY, ¢77. 1645.

(3) MACE, MARLBOROUGH, 1652. (4) MACE, MALMESBURY, 1703. (5) ROYAL ARMS ON HEAD OF NO. 4.
SCALE, % LINEAR.

jas "2 cei
. >

(3) SWORD, WOOTTON BASSETT 1812.

(2) GREAT MACE, SALISBURY, 1749.

(t) MACE, DEVIZES, civ. 1660

NOS. 2 AND 3, 4% LINEAR.

SCALE—NO. 1, 16 LINEAR

By the Rev. HE. H. Goddard. ol

which the flanges of the handle are no longer plain, but have de-

veloped into six projecting ornamental griffins. The head is still

semi-globular, but is ornamented with four cherub heads in relief.

(The open arches are, perhaps, later additions.)

The older pair at Malmesbury, dating probably from 1645, are

‘of the same general type, but the flanges have disappeared alto-
gether, leaving a swelling seal-shaped foot, and the bowl of the
head is divided into the four compartments containing the royal
badges, which appear in more elaborate form on almost all maces
from this time onwards. The cross, too, now alternates with the
fleur-de-lys in the cresting of the head.

In the Commonwealth period a great step forward was taken in
the much larger and more ornate type of mace which then came
into fashion. Of these many examples exist, all closely resembling
each other; few of them, however, are handsomer or in better
preservation than the pair dating from 1652, of which Marlborough
is justly proud. In these maces the head has become much enlarged,
and its decoration has finally assumed the form which, with some
modification, it generally retains after this period; caryatides in
relief separating the compartments of the bowl containing the St.

George’s cross and Irish harp alternating with the town arms. The

_ cresting, too, is more elaborate, and the cap or summit of the head

is more prominent than it was in the earlier examples; while the
whole is surmounted by four open arches meeting in a terminal
ornament in the centre. The bosses of the stem are much enlarged
and chased, and the stem itself, hitherto left plain, is now for the

_ first time adorned with an engraved decoration of oak-leaves, acorns,

and spiral ribbon, which almost all the later maces copy.

In the Restoration maces—and they are numerous—the size is
still further increased, and the open arches on the head surmounted
by the orb and cross take the form of the royal crown—a type which,
_with few modifications and exceptions, has continued in fashion ever
since. Of these large ornate maces Devizes possesses two good ex-
amples, probably of about 1660.

The great mace of Wilton, too, is a handsome specimen, dated

1685, of the same type—but in the twenty-five years which separate

32 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire. .

them the caryatide figures on the bowl have developed wings, and
grown considerably more naturalistic in appearance, and the cap or
summit of the head bearing the royal arms has sunk below the level
of the cresting. This may be said to be the normal form of the
later mace. Some few—like those of Salisbury—break out into
abnormal developments, but the majority follow the type. The
only nineteenth century example to be found in Wiltshire—that of
Chippenham—though it is certainly original in design, can scarcely
be quoted as an example of the advantages of departing from es-
tablished precedent.

In other kinds of corporation plate Wiltshire is less rich. The
mayor’s chains are all very modern. Of the loving cups the only
really notable specimen is the Hanap Cup belonging to Devizes—
and the only sword of state, though it is a monument of the now
departed glories of Wootton Bassett, is still of no older date than
the present century.

It will be well, however, to give a detailed account of each separate
piece, taking the corporations of the county in alphabetical order.

CALNE.

In 1835 the corporation consisted of two chief officers called
“ Gild Stewards,” and an indefinite number of burgesses with one
or two constables. The present corporation consists of a mayor, four
aldermen, and twelve councillors.

The mayor’s robe is of purple or chocolate-coloured cloth with
sable facings.

The charters of the borough have been lost. James II. granted
a charter of incorporation in 1687, but it was not accepted.

The borough possesses no ancient plate or insignia. The articles
at present in use are as follows :—

Tur Mayor’s Cuatn, procured by subscription at a cost of £48,
and first used in 1888, is of silver, hall-marked with the anchor (for
Birmingham), the date letter of 1881, and the makers’ mark, T. &
J. B. The badge is oval in shape, the central field of red enamel,
on which is a tower in relief of silver-gilt and three feathers in plain

‘AVANIT Y% ‘avs "9091 ‘SazZIAad ‘499 ONIAO1

(‘09g N@AID)

ee *oSL1 tbZt SANTVD ‘4ND ONIAOT
(‘ISgi N@AID) = 9 ca %

“Solr +429 ‘ANTVO ‘xO 4AONS

By the Rev. B. H. Goddard. 33

silver (the borough arms), with a border of scroll-work with oak
and olive leaves, and a cherub head and wings at the top. The
chain consists of fifteen silver-gilt links, of which the centre one has
the monogram T.E.R., in coloured: enamels, on the front, and on
the back the inscription “1880-1,:T. E. Redman. Sam’. Bethell,
1881-2.” The other links have “H. W.’’! (front), “1882-3”
(Gack); “H. J. H.?” (front), “1884-5” (bach) ; “J.D. B.3”
(front), “1883-4” (Zack); “T. H.*” (front), “1885-6” (back).

Tur Lovine Cur. A handsome two-handled vessel of silver,
with cover, ornamented with good repoussé work of flowers, scrolls,
towers, &c., bearing the following inscription on a scutcheon on the
bowl :—“ Presented to the Corporation of Calne by the Eartl of
Shelburne,®> November, 1860.” It stands 11iin. high to the top
of the cover, and bears the Newcastle mark (three castles), with the
date letter, either R. or B., for 1741-2, or 1756-7. The maker’s
mark is J. L. with a ring over.

Tur Snurr-Box. This is a massive and beautiful circular box
of silver-gilt, elaborately engraved, bearing the inscription under-
neath :—“ Presented by Lord Shelburne to the Corporation of Calne,
1851.” The arms of the borough engraved on the lid were evidently
cut at this time. But the box itself and its ornamentation is much
older, as it bears the lion’s head erased showing that it is of the
Britannia standard, and therefore between the years 1696 and 1720.

It measures 5+ in. in diameter and 34in. in height.

Tur Common Seat is of silver, circular, 14in. in diameter, and
bears an ornate shield of the borough arms :—Gules a castle between

-1 Henry Wilkins.
2 Herbert James Harris, of Bowden Hill House.
3 John Dommett Bishop, surgeon.
; 4 Thomas Harris.
5 Henry, Earl of Shelburne, the donor both of the loving cup and of the
_ snuff-box, was M.P. for Calne from 1837 to 1856. He was styled Karl of
Shelburne from 1836 to 1863, when he succeeded to the title as fourth Marquess
of Lansdowne. (Cockayne’s Complete Peerage.) Born January 5th, 1816;
died July 5th, 1866. Under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, 1856—58, &e.
VOL. XXVIII.—NO. LXXXII. D

34 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.

two ostrich feathers with a third in base argent, and the legend :—

“MAYOR AND COUNCIL OF THE BOROUGH OF CALNE,
WILTS, 1836.”

In the Visitation of Wilts, 1623, an older seal is figured, circular,
enclosing a shield of the town arms and the legend :—
“SIGIL: COM DE CGALN.”
This is no doubt the seal referred to in the following entries in the
old Council Book ! :—

“1566. P* to the King of Harrolds for the brobation of the Armes of owre
Burrough, at the in ae 25/6.

“To Edward Gouldsmith at Marlborough for the newe ingraveing of owre
seale 12/0.

“John Ladd having lost or refused to produce the Borough Seal that was in
his custody as Guild Steward last year, a new one is adopted with the arms as
specified by the Heralds in 1565.”

The new one is again superseded in 1734, when :—

“1734. H. Keate refusing to produce the Borough Seal that was in his
custody as Guild Steward, another bearing the Arms is procured.”

1756. ‘‘The seal detained by Henry Keate was delivered up, but being a bad
impression the one already substituted for it shall be used,”

The seal in use till 1836, probably the one above-mentioned, bore
a shield of the town arms and the legend :-—

“SIGILLUM BURG! & BURGENSIUM BURG! DE CALNE IN
COM WILTS.”:

CHIPPENHAM.

Though one of the oldest towns in the kingdom, Chippenham
was not incorporated until 1554, when Mary granted a charter,
confirmed afterwards by Elizabeth in 1560, and James I., 1607.
These charters were surrendered in 1684 to Charles IT., and a new

1 Wilts Arch. Mag., xxiv., 210, 214.
2W. A. ML, xxiv., 215, 216.

By the Rev. BE. H. Goddard. 35

one granted by James. II. in 1685.1 But the town practically
continued to be governed by the charter of 1554. In 1835 the
corporation consisted of a bailiff and twelve burgesses, with town
clerk and under bailiff, but it now consists of a mayor, four aldermen,
and twelve councillors.

The whole of the plate and insignia are modern.

Tue Mace. This measures 2ft. 113in. in length. The head is
oval, with the two shields of the borough arms in relief on either
side, surmounted by a tasselled cushion on which is a royal crown.
the central part of the stem is plain with an acanthus-leaf knop
under the head and a spirally twisted grip at the butt. Around

_the stem, under the head is the borough motto, ““UNITY AND
LOYALTY.” Below the knop, “HARRY GOLDNEY, ESQ®.,
MAYOR, 1844.” And above the grip of the handle, “THE GIFT
OF JOSEPH NEELD, ESQ.”

It is of plain and frosted silver bearing the London hall-mark
for 1843, with the maker’s mark, C. R. G. Ss. It is of an un-
conventional but scarcely satisfactory design.

“The donor, Joseph Neeld, Hsq., of Grittleton House, was M.P. for the
_ borough from 1826—1852, dying in 1856. The following letter from him
_ accompanied the presentation of the mace :—“ 11th May, 1844. It was upon
@ recent occasion that I learnt for the first time that the Corporation of
Chippenham did not possess a mace; an ensign of authority, which from the
: earliest period of our history has been borne before the magistrates and chief
officers of corporations in the discharge of their public duties, in my opinion
adding dignity to the office which they have the honour to fill. I have caused
to be designed, and made, specially for your corporation a mace which I trust
the members of it will allow me to present to them as a token of my attachment
and respect for them, and will receive it with the same feelings of kindness
and goodwill towards me, as I cherish towards them, &c.” 2

Tue Mavor’s Cuan. This is of good simple design and
workmanship. It is of gold, but is not hall-marked. The chain
consists of twenty-one plain twisted links. The badge has a
circular central medallion with the arms of the borough enamelled

? Goldney’s Records af Chippenham, pp. 261—292.
> Ibid, p. 165,
D2

36 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.

in colours, surrounded by the legend :—‘* BOROUGH OF
CHIPPENHAM.” Below this is the motto, “UNITY AND
LOYALTY, 1873.” The whole surrounded by open scroll-work.
It was subscribed for by members of the corporation, each successive
mayor adding a fresh link until the chain was complete.

The arms as given on the badge are, two shields of arms hanging
side by side from a tree with three large branches, the dexter shield
bearing the arms of Gascelyn, Or, ten billets, 4, 3, 2, 1, azure, with
a label of five points gules ; the sinister, those of Husee, Argent three
legs in armour couped above the knee proper.®

Lovine Cur No. 1. This is a large two-handled covered cup
of good shape, with fluting on the lower part of the bowl. It is of
silver, bearing the London date-letter of 1884 and the maker’s
mark, c. w. J. W. It stands, with its cover, 12Hin. high.

On one side of the bowl is inscribed :—“ Presented to the Corpora-
tion of Chippenham by the last Member for the Borough, Sir Gabriel
Goldney, Bart., M.P., who for twenty-one consecutive years represented
it in Parliament, and is a direct lineal descendant of Henry Goldney,'
Esq., M.P., the first Member upon the Incorporation of the Borough
under the Charter of Queen Mary in 1553.”

On the opposite side of the bowl is inscribed :—“ In the Mayoralty
of Edgar Neale, Esq., 3rd November, 1885.”

Lovine Cur No. 2 is a large goblet 12}in. high, of, silver,
bearing the London hall-mark for 1874 and the maker’s mark,
R. H. It is covered with florid repoussé ornament. On the front
of the bowl are engraved the borough arms, with the motto,

® The two shields, which together form the town arms, are those of two families
notable in the history of the place—the Gascelyns, who held Sheldon, and were
lords of the manor of Chippenham from 1250 to 1424; and the Husees, who
held Rowdon for a hundred and forty-two years, down to 1392. Burke (General
Armoury, 1842) gives the tinctures of the arms somewhat differently, Azwre,
ten billets argent, in chief a label of five points of the last.

1 Henry ffarnewell als Goldney appointed first bailiff of the borough, 2nd May,
1654, M.P. for Chippenham, 1553, died 1573. Fifteen of his lineal descendants

have been bailiffs and mayors since then. Goldney, Records of Chippenham,
347.

By the Rev. B. H. Goddard. 37

<“UNITY AND LOYALTY.” On one side is the inscription :—
“In the Mayorally of Francis Edwyn Dowding, Esq., Nov. 28th,
1887 ” ; and on the other :—‘ Presented to the Corporation of
Chippenham by Henry Herbert Smith on his retirement from the
Council, November, 1887.!

Lovine Cur No. 3 is a tall two-handled cup elaborately orna-
mented with repoussé flower work. It stands 13}in. high, has
the London hall-mark of 1862 and the maker’s, R.H. It is of
silver-gilt and a handsome piece of its kind. Inside the rim of the
bowl is a projecting edge contracting the opening to quatrefoil shape.
On one side of the bowl are the borough arms, the motto below
them, and above them the legend, ‘BOROUGH OF CHIPPENHAM.”
On the other side is inscribed “ Presented by Sir Gabriel Goldney,
Baronet, M.P., to the Corporation: Alfred J. Keary, Esq., Mayor,
1882.”

Tur Common Seat. The matrix is of copper, circular, 1Zin.
in diameter, the borough arms in the centre, with the legend
surrounding them :—

“BVRGI DE CHIPPENHAM.”

An older seal is figured in the “ Visitation of 1623,” bearing the
same device with the legend :—
“ # SIGILLUM : COMVNIS? : BVRCI: DE : CHIPPENHAM.”

DEVIZES.

Devizes received its first charter from the Empress Matilda.
This was confirmed by John, Henry III., and Edward III. The
old corporation included a mayor, a recorder, thirty-four other
eapital burgesses, and an indefinite number of free burgesses, with
two chamberlains, two sergeants-at-mace, and other officers. The
present corporation consists of mayor, recorder, six aldermen, and
eighteen councillors. The robes of the mayor are scarlet, the mace-
bearers wear black robes and cocked hats, the town crier is in scarlet.

1H. H. Smith, J.P., agent to the Marquis of Lansdowne, &c.
2 Sic in Marshall’s Visitation.

38 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.

THE Maces. These are a handsome silver-gilt pair, 2ft. 102in.
in length, dating probably from 1660, of the usual Restoration
type, without hall-marks. The stems are decorated with the rose
and thistle—the bosses and foot knop with leaf work. The bowl of
the head has, in four panels divided by caryatides, the royal badges,
the fleur-de-lys, thistle, rose, and harp, all crowned, in relief, with
the initials C. R. on either side. The cap bears the royal arms in
relief, Quarterly, first and fourth, France and England quarterly ;
second, or, a lon rampant with a double tressure, flory counter flory
gules, Scotland; third, azure a harp or, Ireland. The garter round
the shield, “ Liew et mon droit” below it, with lion and unicorn
pupporters.

The butt-end of one mace has the castle of the town arms faintly
engraved on it, the other is plain.

Tue Mayor’s Cuatn. This is of gold, bearing the Birmingham
mark, the date-letter for 1879, and the maker’s mark, A. M. B. It
is of good design and workmanship.

The badge has in the centre a shield bearing the town arms, per
pale gules and azure a castle argent, in coloured enamels, with an
elaborate quatrefoil architectural setting adorned with the rose,
shamrock, and thistle, in the angles of the moulding. On either
side of the shield is inscribed “‘ MAVD,”! “ C. 1141,” and below it,
“BOROVGH OF DEVIZES.” On the back is inscribed, “ Pre-
sented by subscription. Sir 1. Bateson, Bart.,. M.P. R. L. Lopes,
Fisg., Recorder. J. H. Burges, D.D., Rector. A. Grant Meek, Esq.,
Lown Clerk. H. Vernon Hulbert, Esq., Clerk of the Peace. G. 8. A.
Waylen, isq., Coroner. 1879.”

The chain consists of thirteen links, each containing a shield on
which the names of past mayors are inscribed, alternating with the
letter D.

The centre link has the monogram T.C. in red and blue enamel
in front, and on the back, “ Thos. Chandler, 1874, 1878-9, 1886.”

The links to the right of the centre are inscribed as follows, on
front and back :— }

1 The Empress Matilda, who granted the first charter to Devizes.

By the Rev. EB. H. Goddard. 39

(1) Chas. N. May, 1868. Ldw. Clapham, M.D., 1869. J. £.
Hayward, 1855, 1856.

(2) Wm. Hillier, 1870. H. J. Sainsbury, 1872. W. G.
Everett, M.D., 1858. R. Maysmor, 1862.

(3) S. Reynolds, 1873. John Marsh, 1876. W. Tyrrell, 1864.
Sam! Wittey, 1871.

(4) W. E. Keeling, 1881. Rich*. Hill, 1882.

(5). J. F. Humby, 1887-88.

Those to the left of the centre :—

(1) Wm. Brown, 1863-80. Geo. Gundry, 1866. H. Mackerel,
1850. J. Smallbones, 1853.

(2) Geo. Simpson, 1860, 1875. Edw. Giddings, 1861, 1867.
Jos® Burt, 1845, 1852, 1859.

(3) Geo. Waylen, 1849, 1865. James Biggs, 1854, 1877. H.
Butcher, 1848, 1844, 1851,. 1857.

(4) Fred* Sloper, 1883. G. CO. Giles, 1884.

(5) G. H. Mead, 1885. Chas. Gillman, 1889.

Tur Lovine Cup, which, by the way, is carried before the mayor
with the maces, when he attends Church in state,.is.a tall silver-gilt
Hanap Cup! with spired cover. It bears the London hall-mark for
1606. The maker’s mark is a monogram of the letters AB within
a shield. It measures, to the top of the cover, 15}in. It is of the

1«The Norman French word ‘ Hanap,’ which has come to mean a basket for
package, in fact a ‘hamper,’ is derived from the Saxon hnep, a cup or goblet,
and was applied in medieval days to standing cups with covers, but only as it
would seem to cups of some size and importance. As drinking vessels grew, with
the increasing luxury of the times, from wooden bowls into the tall ‘ standing cups
and covers’ which is the proper description of the cups called hanaps, the use of
the latter term became confined to such cups alone, and the place where such
_hanaps were kept was termed the hanaperiwm. This was necessarily a place of
safe keeping, and therefore a sort of treasury. The hanaper accordingly was the
safe place in the Chancery where the fees due for the sealing of patents and
- charters were deposited, and being received by the Clerk of the Hanaper (or
Clerk of the Chancery Treasury), the term hanaper office has continued to the
present time. The hanaperium may originally have been a strong chest, and so
the terms hanaper or hamper may have been applied and continued, at last
exclusively, to a chest-like basket, with a lid, used for various purposes.” Cripps’

Old English Plate, p. 238.

40 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.

characteristic make of its class—the foot bell-shaped, with a baluster
stem, the bowl conical, the cover domed and surmounted by a
three-sided pyramidal spire. Both the cover and the upper part of
the bowl are ornamented with a kind of repoussé diaper. The
design of the cup is good, but thé metal is very thin.

On the bowl are four circular medallions and four oblong spaces,
the cover having similar plain spaces to match. On these are in-
scribed the town arms, the date 1620 (when apparently the cup was
given), and the names of the mayor and twelve burgesses of the
time.

The names on the bowl are, Rod'- Drew, Esquier1 Walter
Stevens. Richard Flower. Willm. Erwood. Tho. Wheataker.
Rob* Flower, Mayor. John Kent, Gent.

On the cover are the names John Stewens. John Allen. Nicolas
Barrett. Edwin (?) Northey. Edw. Lewse (?) John Thurman.*

Tue Common Seat. The bronze matrix of the old seal, of late
fourteenth century date, still exists. It has, however, been broken
into four pieces and soldered together again. The device is an
embattled wall with a wide arched gateway, the flanking towers
very small, enclosing a large round tower on either side of which is
a rayed star, surrounded by the legend :-—

“ Sigthum Commune burgenstum Dut regis dibisar,”

with a sprig between each word. Its diameter is 2}in.

The common seal at present in use has the same device—the
archway and the central tower are smaller, the flanking towers
larger, and there are several windows in the wall. Under the base

1 Of the family of Drew, of Southbroom, from them the estate passed to the
Eyles (Waylen’s Devizes, 125). He was one of the twelve burgesses in 1603,
and M.P. in 1597, 1601, 1608, and 1625.

2 Walter Stevens, mayor, 1591, 1599, 1605. Richard Flower, mayor, 1620.
Robert Flower, mayor, 1619. John Kent, mayor, 1602 ; M.P., 1597, 1620, 1623.
Will. Erwood, mayor, 1594, 1600, 1608, 1615. Thos. Whetacre, mayor, 1607,
1618. Nicholas Barrett, mayor, 1609, 1617. Edward Northey, mayor, 1612,
1622, 1630. John Stevens, mayor, 1616, 1648, 1655. Edward Lewse (Lewes),
mayor, 1614, 1631, 1641. John Thurman, mayor, 1621.

By the Rev. FB. H. Goddard. 4]

is the date 1608. Its diameter is 2}in. The matrix is of bronze.
The surrounding legend reads :—

“SIG’. COMVNE MAIORIS ET BVRCGENSI BVRCI DNI REGIS
DE DEVIZES IN COM WILT.”

Tur Mayor’s Seat is a solid silver seal, with moulded handle,
measuring 2in. in height. Round the edge of the head is inscribed,
“ Mr. Matthew Allar Maior anno Do. 1681.”

In the device the castle resembles that on the old common seal,
in the large archway and the round enclosure wall behind. The
legend is :—

“SIGILL * OFFICII * MAIOR * BVRGI * DNE * RECI * DIVISAR.”’

ConstasLes’ Staves. Mr. Waylen, History of Devizes, p. 578,
mentions among the corporation insignia “Two Constables’ Staves.
These are long weapons, borne like the maces on occasions of
ceremony: they are topped with flat-headed brass ornaments having

_ on one side the arms of England and on the other a medallion of

=

Queen Anne; and inscriptions stating that they were “ Presented to
the Corporation of Devizes by John Smith, Citizen of London, brazier
to King William III. of blessed memory, who delivered this nation
_Srom Popery and arbitrary government, to Her present Majesty Queen
Anne 1709.” These staves are no longer used, though still in
existence. The constables now carry ebony staves with silver

[Preserved now with the corporation insignia are a SILvER
Puncu-Bowt anp Lapiz, formerly belonging to the “ Brittox
Club.” } The punch-bowl is a large plain silver vessel, on moulded

_ foot. The diameter of the bowl is 133in.; that of the foot, 8in. ;

and the height, 74in.

Round the rim are inscribed the following names :—“ Thos.
Bayley, Benj” Richards, Hen” Butt, Fred Edwards, Robt Sloper,
Jno. Sayer, Jno. Cleaveland, Jno. Richards, Wilim- Noyes,

Jno Maynard, Math”. Burgess, Sam'- Smith, Benj” Anstie, Edw*:

1The Brittox Club was presumably a political club. The late Mr. Waylen

informed me that he had never come across any record of it.

42 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.

Biffin, and on one side of the bow] the prince’s feathers, with “ The
Brittox Club” over them.

The ladle has a silver handle 10in. in length, with an oblong-
shaped bowl, about 4in. x 2in.]

MALMESBURY.

Until 1886 Malmesbury was governed under a charter of Will. IIT.
which recites charters of AXthelstan, Hen. 1V., and CharlesI. The
old corporation comprised an alderman, twelve capital burgesses,
and twenty-four assistant-burgesses, with two sergeants-at-mace.

Under the new charter of 1886 the present corporation consists
of a mayor, four aldermen, and twelve councillors.!

Tue Macrs. THE OLDER PAIR bear no hall-marks or date, but
probably are of the time of the charter of Charles I., 1645. They
are of. silver parcel gilt (the crown, cresting, badges on the bowl,
arms on the cap, bosses of handle, and foot knop being gilt), and
measure 2ft. 4in. in length.

The head is semi-globular, slightly more elongated than those of
the earlier examples, divided into four compartments by a plain
beading, in which are the royal badges crowned. (These are in
higher relief in one of the maces than in the other.) There isa
cresting of fleur-de-lys and crosses, surrounded by a single open-
arched crown, with orb and cross. On the flat caps are the royal
arms with supporters, as borne by the Stuarts, in relief.

The stems are quite plain, with small plain bosses. The foot has
a flat seal-shaped butt, on which is engraved the device of the town
arms—a castle with three embattled towers. On each side of the
castle three ears of wheat on one stalk (?).2 In chief a blazing star,
a crescent, and three pellets. The base, water.

Both these maces are a good deal worn and knocked about, and
the cross on the head of one has been renewed in thin brass.

1 The maces here are kept in an oak chest with three locks, the keys of which
are held by three members of the old corporation—who have declined to hand
them over to the custody of the zew corporation.

* See next page.

By the Rev. EB. B. Goddard. 43

‘THE LATER PAIR are very elegant specimens of their time—1703.
They measure 2ft. 83in. The only mark is that of the maker—the
G enclosing a within a shield—for Francis Garthorne.!

The heads are bowl-shaped with winged and armless caryatides
dividing the compartments which enclose the royal badges and the
initials A. R. (Anna Regina).

On the flat caps are the arms of Queen Aina § in relief, with the
initials A. R. There is the usual cresting of fleur-de-lys and
crosses, and the open-arched crown with orb and cross surmounting
all. The cross has been renewed in both, in one case in brass.

Below the head are four projecting caryatide corbels. The shaft,
which is very slender, is engraved with a spiral vine pattern. The
bosses and the foot-knops, which are of the usual late shape, are
chased with acanthus-leaf ornament.

On the flat rim of the foot-knops of one mace is the inscription,
“The gift of Tho Boucher Esgr to the Corporation of Malmesbury
Anno 1703,” with the town arms engraved on one side and on the
other those of Bourchier, Argent, a cross engrailed gules between four
water bougets sable.

The other mace has the inscription, “ The gift of Edw*- Pauncfort,
Esqr to the Corporation of Malmesbury Anno 1703,” with the town
arms, and the arms of Pauncefoote, Gules, three lions rampant argent.

_ Tue Szats. No. 1. The oldest of the existing seals has a
circular brass matrix, 2}in. in diameter. The date is of the late
sixteenth or seventeenth century. It has no handle. It bears the

device of the town arms, an embattled castle, or gateway, flanked by
two round towers and surmounted by u third, from the dome of which

jlies a pennon, In base are the Waters of Avon, on each side is a
teasle plant. In chief a blazing star and crescent, and in the dexter

1A mace made by the same maker, for the Vintry Ward of the City of London,
in 1698, is precisely similar to these two.

2 Tho. Boucher and Edward Pauncfort were doubtless Members for the
borough—in 1705 they petition against the undue return of Henry Mordaunt
and Thomas Farrington. Bird's Malmesbury, p. 155.

§So says Mr. St. John Hope. Burke, in his General Armoury, says three
ears of wheat on one stalk ; on seal No. 2 the heads—whether of wheat or teazle,
are five in number on one stalk.

44 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.

chief three pellets. The legend is :—

“SIGIL. COM. ALDRI. ET. BVRGEN . BVRGI . DE . MALMESBVRY
IN. COM. WILTS.”

No. 2 is circular. The matrix of brass 24 in. in diameter,
with lignum vite handle. The device as in No. 1, except that the
three raised pellets are in the sinister chief. The legend is :—

.“SIGIL . COM . ALDRI. BVRGEN.BVRGI . DE .MALMESBVRY
IN. COM - WILTS . 1615.”

No. 8. 1in. in diameter. The device is a reduced copy of
that of No. 2. The date may be early seventeenth century. The
legend runs :—

*“SIGIL . COM . ALDRI . ET . CAPITAL. BVRGEN .BVRGI. DE

MALMESBVRY.”

No. 4 is smaller and has a circular brass head 1 fin. in diameter,
with lignum vite handle. The device the same as on Nos. | and 2.
The legend is :—

“SIGIL . COM. ALDRI. ET. BVRGEN . BVRCI . DE-. MALMESBVRY
IN. COM. WILTS”

There seem to be no other articles of plate belonging to the

corporation.

MARLBOROUGH.

The first charter was granted by John, 1205, and confirmed by
Hen. III. and others down to Elizabeth. In 1577 she granted a
new charter which continued in force until 1835. Under this
charter the corporation consisted of a mayor, an indefinite number
of burgesses, with two justices, town clerk, chamberlain, two
sergeants-at-mace, &c.

The present corporation consists of the mayor, four aldermen, and
twelve councillors. The mayors and ex-mayors wear black cloth
gowns with black velvet facings.

Tur Maces. These are a very handsome silver-gilt pair of
Maundy’s Commonwealth type, measuring 40in. The bowl of the

By the Rev. B. H. Goddard. 45

head is divided by conventional caryatides into four compartments,
in which are cartouches of St. George’s cross, and the Irish harp
alternating with the town arms. The cresting is composed of olive-
leaf wreaths enclosing St. George’s cross and the Irish harp. The
cap is raised above the cresting, and bears now the royal arms of
Charles II., the garter motto reading “HONI SOET QVI MALY
PENSY,” and the royal motto, “DIEV ET MON DROT” (sic)
Just below the cresting an inscription in raised letters runs round
the head, “THE FREEDOM OF ENGLAND BY GOD’S BLESSING
RESTORED 1660.” Four open arches worked with oak leaves
surmount the head, and support a large orb and cross. Below the
bowl are four ornamental projecting corbels, ending in dolphins.
The bosses of the shaft have gadrooned ornament, and the shaft
itself is covered with engraved oak branches and a spiral ribbon.
The foot knop is of considerable size, with an inscription running
round under the rim :—“ This mace was made for the Corporation
of Marlebrough Mr. Robert Clements then Mayor 1652.” On the
edge above is added, “‘ Made by Tobias Coleman of London Gouldsmith.”
_ These maces are very little altered from their original condition.
The orb and cross at the top have taken the place of the nondescript
| ornament in which the Commonwealth maces terminated, but the
_ open arches are original. The royal arms on the cap have taken
the place of the “State’s arms’”—and in the inscription ‘The
Freedom of England by God’s blessing restored,” the original date,
1652, has been changed to 1660—the Royalists neatly appropriating
the Parliamentarian motto.

Tue Seats. Nol. The oldest of the existing seals is of silver,
2in. in diameter, with lignum vite handle, bearing a shield of the
town arms, Per saltire gules and azure two cocks in fess between a
bull statant in chief and three greyhounds courant in pale in base ; on
a chief or a castle between two roses gules,” with helm, crest, and
mantling, with the legend :—

“SIGILLUM MAIORIS & BURGENS BURGI VILLA DE
MARLEBERG 1714.”

On the butt of the handle is a silver plate with the arms of Charles,

46 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.

Lord Bruce,! ensigned with a baron’s coronet, Or, a saltire and chief
gules, on a canton argent a lion rampant azure. Supporters, two
savages proper wreathed round the loins and temples vert.

No. 2. The common seal at present in use is of silver with black
wooden handle. It is circular, 2}in. in diameter, and bears the
hall-mark for 1835. It has the borough arms and crest supported
by two greyhounds. In this seal the castle is represented as on a
canton. The legend is :—

“THE SEAL OF THE MAYOR ALDERMEN AND BURGESSES
‘OF THE BOROUGH OF MARLBOROUGH.”

No. 3. The mayor’s seal, of silver, with lignum vite handle, is
circular, 13in. in diameter. It bears a plain shield of the town
arms with the legend round :—

“SICILLUM MAIORIS BURG! DE MARLEBERC.”

On the butt of the handle is a silver plate engraved with the
Bruce arms, as on seal No. 1.

In 1727 it was ordered that whereas two seals, a greater and a less, have been
sold, the new silver seal of 1714 shall alone be used, and the old seal destroyed.
Possibly this was the older seal which is said to exist on documents, bearing the
castle only.”

SALISBURY.

Henry ITI. granted the first charter in 1227, which ordains that
Nova Saresberia shall be a free city with the same privileges as
Winchester. This was confirmed by Edward I. and later sovereigns.
A new charter was granted by Edward IV. in 1462, ordering that
the mayor and citizens should be a body corporate by the name of

1 Thomas, third Earl of Elgin and second Earl of Aylesbury, lived in retirement
in Brussels for forty years, dying in 1741. His son, Charles, was summoned to
the House of Lords in his father’s lifetime in his father’s barony of Bruce of
Whorlton. He had previously sat for Marlborough in the House of Commons,
1710 and 1711. Doubtless the common seal and the mayor’s seal were presented
by him. The supporters of the arms are those of Elgin, which differ from those
of Aylesbury, in that the latter carry flags.

2 Waylen, History of Marlborough, 373.

By the Rev. &. H. Goddard. 47

the Mayor and Commonalty of New Sarum. James I., in 1612
granted a new charter establishing an already-existing body of
mayor, recorder, twenty-four aldermen, forty-eight assistants called
“Le Hight and fortie,” with two chamberlains, four constables,
three sergeants-at-mace (servientes ad clavas), and other officers.
Further charters were granted by Charles I., Charles IT., and Anne,
but the provisions of James the First’s charter continued mainly in
force until 1835.

The mayor, recorder, six aldermen, and eighteen councillors com-
pose the present corporation.

The city sergeants-at-mace, originally two in number, were in-
creased in 1435 to three, at which number they have since been
maintained.

The mayor, aldermen, and councillors now wear red cloth gowns,
with broad black facings. The mace-bearers wear uniform and
cocked hats.

In 1496 Hen. VII., his queen, and his mother, visited the city, and it was
“agreed that all of the twenty-four that have been mayors shall ride in scarlet
to meet the king, and that all those who have not been mayors shall ride before
the mayor incrimson. The forty-eight are to ride after the mayor in green.” }

In 1574, on the visit of Elizabeth, ‘‘ for the apparelling Mr. Mayor and his
associates that have been mayors, and others of that number, it is agreed that
_ they shall be clad in scarlet gowns, and all the forty-eight to be in comely black
citizens’ gowns lined with taffeta or other like silk, and certain others to be ap-
parelled in a similar manner to attend the mayor.” ?

1580. Oct. 22nd. “ At this assembly it is agreed by the consent of the whole
company that every mayor from henceforth shall as well clothe his wife as also
himself in scarlet, according to the orders and customs heretofore used, upon pain
every mayor making default and doing the contrary shall forfeit and lose to the
benefit of the chamber 207. And it is likewise agreed that every magistrate or
alderman having passed the office of mayor shall not by himself nor his wife
accompany the mayor and his brethren nor the mayor’s wife and the mistresses °
upon principal festival days, viz., Christmas Day, and the two days following,
New Year's Day, Twelfth Day, Purification of Our Lady, Easter Day, and Easter
Monday, Ascension Day, Whit Sunday, and Whit Monday, and all Hallows Day
without having and wearing their scarlet gowns upon pain of every magistrate
making default 5 shillings.” *

1 Hatcher and Benson, Old and New Sarum, 210.
2 Thid, 286.
3 Thid, 289, 290.

48 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.

1607. Against the king’s coming it was “agreed that James Hverd, Mr.
Mayor's sergeant, shall have a doublet and pair of breeches or hose of some fit
stuff, and that the beadles shall have blue coats.” !

1626. “It is agreed and ordered that Mr. Mayor may henceforth give gowns
or liveries, so as he exceed not the number of ten gowns, besides the officers,
minister and clerk, and that the order touching Mrs. Mayoress and the aldermen’s
wives of this city to wear their French hoods shall be continued, any former
orders to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding, and if any of them fail the
scarlet days then their husbands shall forfeit.” 2

1638. Ordered “that every one of the forty-cight at all meetings to attend
on the mayor as feast times and burials shall wear a citizen’s gown faced with
black fur or badger’s on penalty of ten shillings.” #

1650. The wearing of scarlet or other gowns was forbidden
during the Commonwealth. This prohibition was revoked at the
Restoration.

THe Macgs are three in number, made in 1749. They are
silver-gilt, and bear the maker’s mark, G.S., probably of Gabriel
Sleath. They are all of the same design.

No. 1. Tue Great Macs is of very large size—few in England
are larger. Amongst the hundred and fifty maces exhibited at the
Mansion House in 1893 only that of Oxford was larger than the
Salisbury specimen. The type, too, is abnormal and uncommon.
In all the collection above referred to, the two maces from Swansea
were the only ones of the same design. It is a fine piece, and the
detail of the work is good. It measures 4ft. 7in. in length.

The head is of the usual shape, with open-arched crown, orb, and
cross. The cresting is of large fleur-de-lys and crosses, and the cap,
which rises as high as the cresting, is in the shape of a cushion with
tassels. Instead of the usual caryatides dividing the bowl into
compartments, oval panels are formed by wreaths of conventional
palm leaves and flower work in relief. In two of these are the
city arms and supporters, and the royal arms as borne by
George II., 1, Hngland impaling Scotland ; 2, France ; 3, Ireland ;

1 Hatcher and Benson, Old and New Sarum, 313.
2 Thid, 355.
3 Thid, 384,

By the Rev. E. H. Goddard. 49

fourth, gules, two lions passant guardant in pale or, for Brunswick ;
impaling or, semée of hearts gules a lion rampant azure, for Lunen-
berg ; on a point in point, gules a horse courant argent, for Saxony ;
on the centre of the fourth quarter an escutcheon gules charged with
the crown of Charlemagne, or, for the Arch-Treasurer of the Holy
Roman Empire, with supporters, crest and motto, and in the others
two female figures, the one holding a serpent (Wisdom), the other the
sword and scales (Justice). Immediately below the head is a boss
with intertwining ribbon ornament, and on the collar below this
the date in raised letters MDCCXLIX. The centre of the shaft
is fashioned like a bundle of rods fastened by a spiral ribbon (fasces).
The butt swells out to almost a pear shape, chased with acanthus
leaf, and the foot knop itself has the intertwining ribbon chasing.

No. 2. The second mace measures 4ft. lin., and is a reduced
copy of the great mace, except that the female figures on the bowl
of the head are different. One stands with staff or spear in one
hand, the other hand resting on a shield whereon is the cross of St.
George (Fortitude ?). The other figure holds something, apparently
a cap of liberty on a stick (Liberty).

No. 3. The third mace is precisely similar, except that the em-
blematical figures in this case have one of them a staff in one hand,
and an olive branch in the other (Peace), whilst the other figure
holds a long-necked and long-billed bird in her arms, and points
to a bale of merchandise (Commerce?) This mace measures 3ft.
8in. in length.

In 1603, against a visit of James I., it was ordered “ that the mace shall be
new gilt, and the king’s arms set or made thereon.” ?

The following notice of the making of a stand for the maces in St. Thomas’s
Church appears in the churchwardens’ accounts printed by Mr. Swayne :—

1643-4. J. Couzens Ironworke to hang the mases, £1 6°. J. Perceavall
painting and gilding the frame for the maves, £1 12°. 6°.”

1665. “Mr. Thornborough of this city Goldsmith delivered in his bill for the
plate brought to present to the King, Queen, and Duke of York as followeth :—
For one bason and Ewer and four flagons 156/. 3s., and for mending the mace,
37. 10s.” ?

1 Hatcher & Benson, Old and New Sarum, 308.
2 Thid, 457.
VOL. XXVIII.—NO. LXXXII. E

50 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.

THE Mayor’s Cuan at present in use was formally presented
to the corporation by E. H. Hulse, Esq., M.P. for Salisbury,
October 5th, 1893.!_ Mr. Hulse and the past and present members
of the corporation gave one link each, while the town clerk—Mr.
W. C. Powning—gave the badge. It is of 18-carat gold, and was
made by Messrs. T. and J. Bragg, of Birmingham, from a design
by Mr. J. W. Tonks after consultation with Mr. Alfred Gilbert, R.A.

The badge is circular, with mouldings and ornamental border,
with the name “Salisbury” on enamelled bosses. Within this is a
six-arched canopy, in the centre of which are the city arms and
supporters, a rose above, and the motto in enamels “‘ Civitas Novee
Sarum ”’ below.

The circular links of the chain alternate with double-headed
eagles (the supporters of the city arms). They are bordered with
crosses and fleur-de-lys. The central link has the old city seal in
enamel, the Madonna and Child above, an arch with a bishop within
it below.

The other links have a series of armorial bearings in enamel
—the city arms, the cathedral cognizance, the arms of Henry III.
(who gave the charter in 1227), those of James I. (who gave another
charter), those of Queen Anne, and those of the present Queen—
whilst others bear the letter 8.

An inscription recording the gift of the chain is engraved’on the
back of the badge.

THe op Mayor’s Cuarn. From 1856 to 1893 a chain of silver-
gilt, bearing the Birmingham hall-mark and the date letter for
1856, with the maker’s mark G. U., was in use.

The badge is circular and watch-shaped, surrounded by an olive
leaf wreath, enclosing a shield of the city arms in enamel, with the
eagle supporters (only one of their wings shown), and the motto
below “CiviITAS NOVZ SARUM.” On the back is inscribed
“Presented by the Citizens to Abraham Jackson, Esq., Mayor, for the
use of himself and successors in office, June, 1856.”

1T am indebted for the above description to the columns of the Salisbury
Journal. I have not seen the new chain myself.—E.H.G.

By the Rev. EB. B. Goddard. 51

_ The chain itself consists of eighteen sets of three links, portcullis,
rose, and twisted knot repeated.
On the presentation of the new chain, October 5th, 1893, it was
agreed that this disused chain should be placed in a glass case in
the Council Chamber with the names of the mayors who had worn it.

1681. “Two new maces were bought.” 4

1749. It was agreed that “the new maces” [i.e., those now in use] “ be
accepted at the price of £218, and the old ones be sold at 5°. 6%. per ounce, and
the money paid to Mr. Wentworth.” ?

During the Commonwealth a sword of state, with a cap of
maintenance for the sword-bearer, seem to have been used either in
addition to, or instead of, the maces.

1656, “The charter of the city was renewed for its loyalty by Cromwell and
a sword with a cap of maintenance was brought in.” 3

1657-8, “A crooke and Loope to put y* Sword in 2s. 6d. Guilding the
Crooke 2s. 6d.”’ 4

1660-1. It was “ ordered that the sword and cap of maintenance, the emblems
of authority under the Protectoral government, be brought into the Council
House to be sold or otherwise disposed of. The sword of state is also said to
have been broken at the whipping post.’”®

Two Brass Bapezs are preserved in the Council Chamber. They
are roughly fashioned in the shape of an eagle displayed with two
heads, bearing the city arms. The neck pierced for suspension. —
On the back is the inscription “ NV. Stild, Mayor, 1782.”

The city formerly possessed a set of silver chains worn by the
_ “ Waits,” or town musicians, but in 1660 :—

“The Council House was broken open and the silver chains taken away
_ belonging to the town musicians.” ©

1 A Collection of Remarkable Events relative to the City of New Sarum,

‘1817.

2 Old and New Sarum, 521.
3A Collection of Remarkable Events, &c.
4St. Thomas’s Churchwardens’ accounts.
5 Old and New Sarum, 445.
§ Collection of Remarkable Events relative to the City of New Sarum,
E 2

52 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.

[A few of these waits’ chains still exist. Exeter has four of James
the First’s time; Kings Lynn, five of Elizabethan date; and the
chain worn by the Mayor of Beverley is also formed of them.]

Tur Lovine Cur. This is a handsome two-handled cup,
standing 18in. high, bearing the London hall-mark, the date letter
for 1796, and the maker’s mark of Samuel Howland. It is of the
elegant “ classical” style, which, just at the end of the last century
is seen in all the best productions of the time. The bowl has the
usual engraved garlands and festoons of flowers enclosing on one ©
side a shield of the city arms, and on the other the arms of the
donor, Quarterly, first and fourth, Karle, Gules three escallops within
a bordure engrailed or; second and third, Benson (of Salisbury)»
argent three trefoils sable between two bendlets gules with crescent for
difference. Crest, a lion’s head erased pierced with an arrow. Above
the arms is inscribed :— The gift by willof Wilim- Benson Earle
Lisq., who died 21st March, 1796,”"!

“In March, 1797, a large silver cup, value fifty guineas was presented to the
mayor and commonalty on the bequest of William Benson Earle, Esq., of the
Close.” —(Old and New Sarum, 554.)

Tur Common SEAL.

No. 1. The oldest known seal? is probably contemporary with
the charter of 1227. It is circular, 24in. in diameter. It bears the
figure of the Virgin and Child standing behind the city wall between
two spires. The wall terminates at each end in a battlemented
tower, whereon stands a bird with a crescent over. Above the
Virgin’s left shoulder is a blazing sun or star to balance the floriated
end of her sceptre. Under a niche in the base is the half-length
figure of the bishop as lord of the city. The legend is, in Lombardie
capitals :—

1 William Benson Earle, son of Harry Benson Earle, b. at Shaftesbury, July
7th, 1740; educated at Winchester and Merton, Oxon; B.A., 1761; M.A.,
1764; died, 2lst March, 1796; buried at Newton Toney ; monument to him
by Flaxman in north transept of Cathedral. A man of wide attainments, F.R.S.,
F.S.A., and a musician. A sketch of his life is given in Hatcher & Benson’s
Old and New Sarum, pp. 649—652.

2 Old and New Sarum. Pl. IL, p. xvii.

By the Rev. BE. H. Goddard. 53
“4 SIGIL : NOVA : CIVITATIS : SARESBYRIE:”

This seal seems to have been used until 1658 (?), when it was stolen
with other things out of the Council House, and a new one made.

No.2. This was 2in. in diameter, bearing an ornate shield of the
city arms, “or, four bars azure,” with the circumscribing legend :-—
“THE : CITIE : OF : NEW: SARUM :1-6-5-8.”

No. 3. In 1836 the reformed corporation adopted a new seal,
the same style as the last, bearing the city arms with supporters,
« two double-headed eagles displayed or, each gorged with a coronet and
beaked and legged azure.” 'The legend runs :—

“THE MAYOR, ALDERMEN AND BURGESSES OF NEW
SARUM, 1836.”

No. 5. The seal at present in use is a copy of the one of 1836,
Qin. in diameter, bearing a shaped shield with supporters and the
legend :—

“THE MAYOR, ALDERMEN AND CITIZENS OF THE CITY

OF NEW SARUM, 1851.”

A duplicate is used as an embossing stamp.

Tur Mayor’s SEat.

No. 1. The oldest known is a small pointed oval seal of early
thirteenth century date, 2in. long, bearing the Annunciation beneath
a canopy with a figure praying in base, and the legend, in Lombardic
eapitals :—

“§, MAIGRIS SARRYM,”

No. 2 is circular, of early fourteenth century date, Zin. in
diameter, bearing the same device and the legend :—

“ SIGILLY MAIORIS * SARRYM = ”
No. 3, of early fifteenth century date, bears the same device and
the legend :—
' “ Siqgiilum : matoris : nobe : Sarum.”

54 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.

No. 4. A circular seal, lin. across, apparently of the date 1658,
with the city arms shown as Barry of six, and the legend :—

“ * CIVITAS : NOVZ : SARVM.”

No. 5. The present mayor’s seal, dating from 1836, is circular,
1fin. across. It bears the city arms with supporters, with crossed
palm branches below the shield, and the legend round :—

' “CIVITAS NOVE SARUM.”

The corporation possesses a good deal of domestic plate.

Strver Savers.

No. 1. The largest, a handsome piece of its kind, measures 19in.
across, and stands 2#in. high on four legs formed of double-headed
eagles. It bears the London hall-mark for 1745, with the maker’s
mark G. F. It has a high raised open-work rim of vine leaves
and masks. In the centre is a shaped shield of the city arms with
mantling and eagle supporters. On a scroll surrounding the arms
and underneath is the following inscription :—

“A.D. 1745. The Donors of several pieces of Plate from whence
this was fram’d are gratefully remembered,”

oR, dwt,
John Beiyley Gent. a Salv™ 23 - 11 in 1600.
Robt. Baines Gent. a Plate 12- 5 in 1633.?
Thos. Gardiner Gent. a Salt 34 - 15 in 1672.” 8

1 In 1606 one John Bailey (? mayor 1577), a prominent member of the vestry
of St. Martin’s and owner of Bishop’s Down Farm, got into his hands the
property of the tithe and patronage of the Church, and is mixed up in legal
proceedings. (Old and New Sarum, 500.) In 1593 he was evidently one of
the chief citizens, the mayor together with him and others, drawing up a state-
ment of their grievances against the bishop. (did,298.) In 1590 he was ordered
to ride to London with another to get the city incorporated. (bid, 296.)

2 Robert Baines was evidently a prominent member of the corporation—
mentioned in 1626. (Zbid, 255.)

8 Thos. Gardiner (P mayor, 1661) advanced money to pay debts for the corpo-
ration 1665. (JZbid, 456.) By his will, dated May 31st, 1684, he gave to the
mayor and commonalty £60 in trust, to pay the inmates of Eyres’ Almshouses
the sum of £3 yearly by equal portions of 20s. in Lent, Easter Week, and at
Whitsuntide. There is also “ Gardiner'’s Charity,” founded by a Thos. Gardiner.

“

By the Rev. BE. H. Goddard. 55

Nos. 2 and 3. Diameter 91in. They stand on three claw feet
and have shaped and moulded rims. In the centre are the city
arms and supporters, and a broad border of engraved ornament.
The hall-marks are as in No. 1; the date letter is for 1745.

No. 4 has the London hall-mark for 1846 and the maker’s initials
Cc. R., G. Ss. It measures 16}in. in diameter, and stands 1fin.
high on three scroll legs. It has a shaped and moulded rim, and
the surface is covered with elaborate ornamentation, with this in-
scription in the centre :—

‘ « This Salver and Tea Service intended to have been presented to the
late Henry Hatcher by his Pupils as a testimonial of their feelings of
gratitude and esteem towards him as a Tutor and Friend, were im
consequence of his lamented death on the 16th of December, 1846,.
given to his son, Will™ Henry Hatcher, C. §., on the 6th day of
April, 1847?»

And round the outside of the engraved ornament is.the further
inscription :—

“* Bequeathed to the Corporation of New Sarum, by the above-named
Mr. William Henry Hateher, 1879. W. Hicks, Mayor.”

Tue Tra anp CorreE Service consists of tea-pot, coffee-pot,
sugar-basin, and cream-jug, and bears the same hall-marks as
Salver No. 3 above. All the pieces stand on four scroll feet, and
have rather poor repoussé ornamentation, with the city arms on one
side, and on the other the inscription :—“ W. H. Hatcher's Bequest,
1879.”

A Parr or Canp.esticks, of massive make, standing 124in.
high, with the arms of the city engraved on their bases, and under-
neath the inscription :—

1 Henry Hatcher, born at Kemble, May 14th, 1777. Secretary to Rev. W.
Coxe, 1795. Postmaster of Salisbury, 1817—1822 ; afterwards kept a private
school in Endless Street. A great linguist and antiquary. The historian of
_ * Old and New Sarum.” Died, December 14th, 1846. A monument to him.in
_ the south transept of the Cathedral. John Britton wrote “ Memoirs of Henry

Hatcher,’ 1847. His only son, William Henry Hatcher, was a civil engineer,
‘chemist, &c. He contributed “ Observations on the Geology of Salisbury and
_ the Vicinity”’ to his father’s History of Old and New Sarum.

56 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.
“ Edm Pitman Record’. D.D. 1743.”

No date letter is visible; the maker’s mark is J. Z. (? John
Lampfert). The sockets are apparently of later date, and bear the
maker’s mark P. B. ? R.

Wartcuman’s Horn. This is preserved in the Salisbury and
South Wilts Museum, and is referred to in the catalogue (edition
1864) as

‘one of the few relics preserved from the destruction of the old Council House,
- which was burnt down in 1780. It was formerly used by the night watch in
case of fire or other cause of alarm in the city.”

The horn, which is almost semi-circular, measures 194}in. across.
It is of white ox-horn with plain mountings of copper at either end,
and a broad iron band just below the mounting of the mouth. On
the copper rim at the mouth are roughly engraved the city arms,

the date 1675, and the names ‘“‘ THOMAS SHERGOLD, GEORGE
CLEMENS, THOMAS WAVSBROUGH, PETER PHELPES, Heap
CONSTABLES.“

WESTBURY.

In 1835 the corporation consisted of a mayor, recorder, and
thirteen capital burgesses, with steward and other officers. No
robes have been worn by the mayor or corporation within living
memory.

Tue Common Seat. The head is of silver, of oval form, 1#in.
x 18in., and bears a shield of the town arms, Quarterly or and azure
a cross quartered patonce and fleury within a bordure charged with
twenty lioncels all counterchanged.

The surrounding legend reads :—

“+ SIGILLVM * MAIORIS * ET * BVRGEN * DE * WESTBVRIE.”

The ivory handle of the seal, about 44in. in length, is inscribed :—
“MATHEVS - LEY - HOC - DEDIT - A°- Dal 1597: +”

There seem to be no other insignia or articles of plate existing.

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MACES AND TANKARD, WILTON,

(1) SMALLER MACE, 1639. (2) GREAT MACE, 1685. (3) SERGEANT’S MACE, 1709.
(4) TANKARD, 1693.

SCALE—MACES, 14 LINEAR; TANKARD, 4 LINEAR.

By the Rev. #. H. Goddard. 57

WILTON

is mentioned as a borough in Domesday. The first charter was
granted by Henry I., others by Henry II., John, Henry III.,
Edward I., Richard IT., Henry IV., &c. In 1688 James II. granted
a new charter, but the corporation soon returned to the older ones.
In 1836 the corporation consisted of a mayor, high steward, recorder,
five aldermen, town clerk, two sergeants-at-mace, &c. In 1885 a
new charter was granted, and the present corporation consists of a
mayor, four aldermen, and twelve councillors. The robes worn by
the mayor and corporation and mace-bearers are of black cloth
trimmed with black satin and velvet. The beadle wears a dark
blue suit trimmed with red, knee breeches, and red stockings.

Tue Maces.

No.1. Tue Great Macs is of silver-gilt, measuring 374in. in
length, and is a good example of the ornate type of later mace. The
only remaining hall-marks are the lion passant, and the maker’s
mark T. 1., with two escallops between the letters.

The head has the usual open-arched crown, with the royal arms
on the cap with the supporters and mottos and the initials v. R., the
motto reading “DIEU EST MON DR.” Winged armless caryatides

divide the compartments of the bowl, in which are the royal badges

_ crowned. Caryatide projections occur immediately below the bowl.

tte

The bosses are chased with leaf-work, the shaft itself having a
spiral pattern of roses and fleur-de-lys and thistles. On the foot
knop is inscribed :—

“To Wilton in ye 1st yeare of ye reigne of King James ye 2nd
An? Dom 1685 By Oliver Nickolas Esqr.”

No. 2. THE otper Mace is a beautiful silver-gilt example of
the earlier type, measuring 244in. in length. The only hall-mark
is a maker’s mark which looks like 1. G. The head is semi-globular,

with a cresting of fleur-de-lys, and winged cherub heads on the

bowl. Mr. St. John Hope thinks the open arches of the crown
have been added later. Their details, however, would suggest that
they are contemporary. On the cap are the royal arms of Charles

58 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.

I. within the garter—the initials c. R. at the sides without sup-
porters.
The shaft is slender and plain, with small plainly moulded bosses.
Round the bottom are six projecting griffins representing the flanges
of the war mace.
Round the shaft above them runs the inseription :—
“@. 8. Mai 1639.”

and below them :—
“Ri: Grafton fecit.”
On the button in which the foot terminates is engraved a rebus—
the letters WIL above a tun, all within an olive wreath.

No. 8 is a very small Serceanv’s Mace, now disused. It is of
silver, Slin. long, with plain semi-globular head without cresting or
ornament, bearing on the cap within an olive wreath the initials of
Queen Anne :—

A -R
1709,

There are no hall-marks. The foot ends in an acorn.

Tur Mayor’s Cuain. This is silver-gilt and consists of fourteen
large lockets, thirteen of which bear enamelled shields of the arms
of England (and Wilton), Gules three lions passant guardant or,
ensigned by civic coronets—whilst the central locket has the mono-
gram V. W. in red and white enamel. These are coupled by plain
links. The badge is is of good design and workmanship, having
in the upper part the monogram J E. N., ' and in the base the date
1879. In the centre a circular enamelled medallion with the device
as on the mayor’s seal, and the legend round it :—

Burg Ye Wilton, insig : cibitatis,”
The chain bears the Birmingham hall-mark (anchor) and date

letter for 1878, the badge the date letter for 1879. It was made
by Mr. J. W. Singer, of Frome, and cost £57 15s.

1 James Edward Nightingale, F.S.A., author of Church Plate in Wilts, and
Church Plate in Dorset, &c. Mayor of Wilton, 1872. Had much to do with
the designing and purchasing of the chain in 1879.

By the Rev. E. H. Goddard. 59

Tar Lovinc Cur is represented by a small silver tankard 52in.
high x 44in. in diameter at the base. It has on the lid :—

WILTON
BVRROVGH
1693

and on the front a shield of the town arms (really the arms of
England), three lions passant guardant in pale, with the conventional
stiff-leaf palm branch mantling of the period. It bears no hall-
marks. It is of the usual type of small domestic tankards of the
time.

Tar Szats. The Orv Common Szat is a pointed oval in shape,
21 in. long. The matrix is of brass. Under a triple canopy a
representation of the shrine of S. Edith in the abbey at Wilton, with
a shield of the arms of England above one end and an angel with
a censer issuing from the clouds. Below, in a round-headed niche,
is the half-length figure of an abbess. The legend reads (with a
sprig after each word) :—

“ Sigillw’ comune burgens oe Wilton.”

Its date is put by Mr. St. John Hope at the beginning of the
fifteenth century.

Tie orper Mayor’s Snat is a circular one, 1 +. in. in diameter,

the matrix of silver, of early fifteenth century date, under a triple

eanopy with a shield of England over the central pediment, a

representation of the coronation of the Virgin, with the legend :—
“3 maioritatig: burg Ue Wilton.”

The later seal is also circular, the matrix of steel, with ivory handle.

[Mr. St. John Hope also notices as in possession of the corporation
the ancient fifteenth century seal of the Hospital of St. Giles, the
charity of which they have administered since the Reformation. It
is a pointed oval 3}in. long, with a rude figure of St. Giles as
Abbot, holding a crozier with a hind wounded by an arrow leaping
up against him, under a canopy, the legend being :—

“Ss Domus elimosinare sct Egedt juyta Wilton”)

60 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.

WOOTTON BASSETT

is an old prescriptive borough.

In 1835 the corporation consisted of a mayor, two aldermen,
twelve capital burgesses, a town clerk or recorder, with two sergeants-
at-mace, a constable, and acrier. The corporation is now dissolved.
The robes worn by the mayor were of red cloth trimmed with black
velvet; those of the aldermen and burgesses being of dark blue or
purple camlet trimmed with black velvet.

Tue Maces. These, though much alike, are not an exact pair.
They bear no hall-marks. They are of silver with iron cores, and
the heads are heavily loaded with lead. Both are much damaged,
and have been frequently mended.

No. 1 is 15in. long, No. 2 being 144in. They have plain semi-
globular heads with a cresting of fleur-de-lys and plain slender shafts
with only bands for bosses. Projecting from the grip at the bottom
are five well-developed flanges precisely of the pattern of the flange
of the old war mace. Mace No. 1 has these five flanges silver-gilt
and all of one pattern—while No. 2 has lost one, and has two
engraved with Elizabethan foliage. On the caps are engraved plain
shields of the royal arms as borne by James I., silver-gilt. There
is no mantling or initials or crown, only the date 1603 over the
shield. Mace No. 1 has the shield engraved a much larger size
than that on No. 2. Both have the initials R. S. on the under
part of the bowl of the head.

Tue Sworp was presented by Mr. John Attersol, one of the
Members for the borough in 1812, while his colleague—Mr. James
Kibblewhite—gave the robes. Each gift is said to have cost one —
hundred guineas. It is really a very handsome thing, and the ‘
workmanship of the gilt brass mounts is good.

It measures 454in. in length. The “grip” is of ivory bound
with silver wire. The “pommel,” “guard,” and “ chape” are of
gilt brass deeply engraved with leaf-work—the scabbard being of
crimson velvet edged with silver braid. The blade is straight and
plain without mark or inscription.

|

4
4

By the Rev. E. H. Goddard. 61

The upper “locket” of the scabbard bears on one side the borough
arms, gules a chevron between three lozenges argent, and on the other
side the arms of John Attersol, 1 and 4, argent a cross flory between
Jour mullets; 2 and 3, or on a bend wavy cotised three crosses. Crest,
a ducal coronet transfixed with three spears (7) two in saltire and one
in pale. Motto, Suwives la gloire.

The middle locket has the arms and crest of James Kibblewhite,
in fess three talbot’s heads erased, in base a rose, on a chief as many
roses. Crest, a talbot’s head erased charged with a rose as in the arms.
Motto, Mens Prudens propositi tenaz.”

The lower locket has only engraved leaf ornament.

Tue Szats, although known to have been in existence within
living memory, had disappeared for many years until in March,
1893, one of them, with a steel head slightly oval in shape, measuring
lin x fin. in diameter, with an ivory moulded handle 23in. in
height, turned up amongst a lot of sundries in the sale of the effects
of an old inhabitant named Wiggins, and was bought by Mr. E. C.
Trepplin. It bears a shield of the borough arms with very slight
moulding, and the legend :—

“MINOR - SIGILLVM - WOOTTON - BASSETT - ALS - WOOTTON
VETUS.”

On the neck of the head is inscribed :—
“ Bx dono Prenobil. L. Comitis Rochester 1682.’ 3

:
SESE a ae meee

1 The shield of the borough arms differs from the Hyde arms from which it is
taken in the tinctures.

2 James Kibblewhite was of a family long connected with North Wilts. His
father was a basket-maker at Lydiard Millicent. He began life as an office-boy
in the office of Mr. Bradford, solicitor, of Swindon, worked his way up, became
an attorney in Gray’s Inn, made money, was one of the founders of the Medical,
Clerical, and General Life Assurance Company, in whose board-room his portrait
hangs, and died leaving property worth some £60,000. For this and other
information as to Wootton Bassett I am indebted to Mr. W. F. Parsons, of
Hunt’s Mill.
~%The donor was Lawrence Hyde, second son of Edward, Earl of Clarendon,
M.P. for the borough from 1679 to 1681, when he was created Baron of Wootton
Bassett and Viscount Hyde, of Kenilworth. Earl of Rochester in 1682. Died,
1711, after holding many high offices of State.

62 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.

The modern endorsing stamp has the town arms with a buckled
band inscribed :—
“BOROUGH OF WOOTTON BASSETT.”

ConstaBLe’s Starr. This is of wood, 4ft. 10in. long, with a
plain gilt head on which, in relief, are the initials C. R- and the
date 1678.

~ OF the other old Wiltshire boroughs which have not been men-
tioned, three were disfranchised before 1832, viz., Bradford, Mere,
and Highworth. Great Bedwyn, Downton, Heytesbury, Hindon,
Ludgershall, Old Sarum, as well as Wootton Bassett, were dis-
franchised in 1832.

The common seal of Great Bepwyn is figured in vol. vi., p. 271
of this Magazine. It is circular, bearing a shaped shield with
elaborate moulding, azure, a tower domed argent. Crest, a griffin
passant or, with the legend :—

“THE - COMMON - SEALE: OF - THE » CORPORATION - OF
GREAT - BEDWIN.”

I have not been able to discover any remaining insignia of the
other boroughs.

[For many of the details as to the history of the corporations,
and the seals, I have to acknowledge my indebtness to the proof
sheets of Mr. St. John Hope’s forthcoming work, “ The Corporation
Plate and Insignia of England and Wales,” which I have had the
advantage of consulting. I take this opportunity, also, of expressing
my thanks to the mayors, town clerks, and other officials of the
various towns for the very great courtesy and kindness with which
they have answered enquiries and have allowed me to see and take
notes of the various insignia in their custody. I have, in addition,
to thank Mr. C. W. Holgate, Mr. W. F. Parsons, and others, for
help readily given.—H. H. G.]

63

Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

The History of Chippenham, by the Rev. J. J. Daniell, Rector of
Langley Burrell. Compiled from researches by the Author and
from the Collections of the late Rev. Canon Jackson, F.S.A.
R. F. Houlston, Chippenham and Bath. 1894. Cr. 8vo, cloth,
Price 5s. nett.

This little book of 248 pages, with two illustrations of Old Chippenham,
does not pretend to be an elaborate history of thetown. The author has aimed
rather at giving an account of the more notable persons, events, buildings, and
institutions connected with the history of the place and neighbourhood, gathered
from the best available sources of information and arranged and written in
such form and style as that the public at large may find it both easy and
interesting to read, and may not be deterred from so doing by any appearance
of archzological dryness—and he has done his work well. As he tells us in
the preface, a great deal of the historical information comes from Canon
Jackson’s unpublished papers, now at the Society of Antiquaries, and much of
it is exceedingly interesting, not only to the general reader, but to the student
of local history and antiquities. As will be seen from the following “ contents,”

" almost everything connected with the place is touched upon—The site of
Chippenham—the Manor, Sheldon, Rowden, Monckton, Cocklebury and
Foghamshire, Allington — Forests — Geology — River Avon, springs and
wells, Lockswell Spring—The Garden of Wilts— Stanley Abbey—The Parish,
Borough, Charters, Town Hall, M.Ps., Bailiffs, Town, Trade, Bridge, Cause-
way, Plague, School, Fire of London, Riots, Manor of Ogbourne St. George—
Nomina Villarum—Sheriffs of Wilts—Maud Heath’s Causeway—The Civil
Wars—Parish Church, Chantries, Vicars, Church Lands, Registers, Communion
Plate, Bells, Churchwardens’ Records, Monumental Inscriptions— West Tyther-
ton—St. Paul’s Church—List of Celtic and Saxon Words—Distinguished
Natives—Persons of Note who have lived in the Neighbourhood—A useful
index completing the book. The greater part of these subjects are treated
shortly, accurately, and well, but there are one or two blemishes. The section
on the Geology of Chippenham, for instance, really conveys no accurate idea of
the facts; whilst the surprising natural history stories on pages 36, 37 are
quite unworthy of the rest of the book. In the list of words of “Celtic or
Saxon origin” in Jocal use, too, it is hard to see why such words as con-
traption, whippersnapper, taut (tight), lackadaisical, fractions, humbug,
hullaballoo, bran new, rapscallion, swop, blubber, wallop, &c., should find a
place. The book has been favourably reviewed in the Devizes Gazette, August
30th, 1894.

Letters, Remains, and Memoirs of Edward Adolphus Seymour,
Twelfth Duke of Somerset, K.G., in which are also included some

Eo S

64 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

extracts from his two published Works on Christianity and
Democracy. Edited and arranged by W. H. Mallock and Lady
Gwendoline Ramsden. London. R. Bentley & Son. 8vo, cloth.
1893.

This is a well got up book of x and 547 pages, with a good autotype portrait
of the Duke from a bust by Brock. It cannot be called a biography, for, with
the exception of here and there a small print explanatory note, the letters are
left to tell their own story. They deal with his home life, his travels on the
Continent, and the active part which he took in politics for more than forty
years. The large majority were written to his father, his wife, and his
brother-in-law, Brinsley Sheridan, and although they cannot be said to be of
any great public interest—here and there they contain a good story—yet they
present the writer as an honourable and upright English gentleman, bound to
his own home circle by the ties of great affection.

The epitome of his work on“ Christian Theology and Modern Scepticism”
shows that he entertained very liberal views on the doctrines of Christianity,
and that, in his view, religious controversy should cease in the future in the
presence of a latitudinarian scheme of comprehension for all Protestant denomi-
nations. In his work on “ Monarchy and Democracy” he traces shortly
the growth of modern political opinions, quoting the various doctrines pro-
pounded by distinguished writers on political science and comparing their
predictions with the teaching of subsequent events and very shrewdly points
out the dangers of the modern democratic ideal of government.

The Annals of the Yeomanry Cavalry of Wiltshire, vol. 1., from
1884 to 1893, by (Col.) Henry Graham. 8yvo. Liverpool. D.
Marples & Co. 1894.

This is a thin volume of 44 pages with an unnamed portrait (we believe of
Col. Estcourt) as a frontispiece. In it the author continues the work he began
in his first volume in 1886. The annals of the regiment are traced up to date,
and end with an account of the centenary celebration. There are three ap-
pendices, a list of officers 1884—1893, a list of regimental prize-winners, and
the centenary muster roll. Noticed in Salisbury Journal, June 23rd, 1894.

The Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow, Lieutenant-General of the Horse
in the Army of the Commonwealth of England, 1625—1672.
Edited, with Appendices of Letters and Illustrative Documents,
by C. H. Firth, M.A. Two vols., 8vo. Oxford. Clarendon
Press. 1894. Vol. i. pp. xlix. and 436; vol, ii., pp. 571.

Since their first appearance in 1698 Ludlow’s Memoirs, which are at once an
autobiography and a history of his own time, have been looked upon as one of
the chief authorities for the history of the period, and have been repeatedly
reprinted, but Mr. Firth claims that this is the first edition in which a number
of suppressed passages in the memoirs have been printed. The critical in-
troduction of 49 pages by the Editor is partly intended to complete
Ludlow’s account of himself, and partly to estimate the value of his contribution
to the general history of the period. In vol. i. there are five appendices,

|

Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 65

containing the Pedigree of Ludlow, a Sketch of the Civil War in Wilts (pp.
439—482)—the account of General Ludlow—Ludlow’s services in Ireland—
and the Wiltshire Election of 1654; whilst vol. ii. contains appendices
occupying 131 pages, on Col. Nicolas Kempson—Ludlow’s command in Ireland
—the articles against him—the Election for Hindon, 1660—Letters of the
English Exiles in Switzerland—Ludlow’s visit to England in 1689—Epitaphs,
from Vevay—The site of Ludlow’s House at Vevay. Of these, as will be seen
several are concerned more or less with Wiltshire matters, whilst the Sketch
of the Civil War in Wilts is an excellent outline of the general course of the
struggle in the county, supplementing Ludlow’s own account of the events in
which he himself took part. There are a good many illustrative footnotes.
The index at the end seems fairly full, and the Editor seems in every way to
have done his work well. The text is that of the edition of 1698 with the
errata noted in vol. iii. corrected.

Stonehenge, the Balearic Isles, and Malta; Ancient Temples com-

pared. By Capt. S. P. Oliver, F.S.A., is a paper in The Illustrated
London News of August 4th, 1894.

Capt. Oliver apparently maintains, as he did a year or two agoin The Times,
that the original condition of Stonehenge is to be explained by the analogy of
the megalithic monuments of the Balearic Isles and of Malta. He argues
that as it has been fairly proved thatthe upright pillars with cap stones onthem,
or “‘Taulas,” found in the Balearic buildings, were really not altars, but pillars
to support a roof—so the lintels of the outer sarsen circle at Stonehenge were
to support the roof of a cloister or terrace surrounding the higher central
roofed building—supported by the great trilithons, corresponding with the
conical towers or “ Talayots” of Minorca. The notion, he says, “that
Stonehenge was hypathral, or open to the sky, may certainly be dismissed
from the mind”—though he does not tell us what the roof was made of, or
what has become of it. He apparently believes that there was no outer circle
at Stonehenge at all, but that the south-west side was cut off flat, as in some
‘of the Mediterranean buildings, and that the entrance was on the south-east
side.

Of Avebury he says :—‘“ Avebury is generally quoted as a larger and ruder
counterpart of Stonehenge, but so few stones remain in sitw that is is almost
impossible to re-construct it even in imagination. It is classed as a circle with
interior circles, yet if Aubrey’s plans (however uutrustworthy) are consulted,
it will be seen that even in his day the circle is a stretch of the imagination—
one side, that to the south-west, is decidedly flat, and the so-called circles
within are decidedly of horseshoe shape, with straight fagades also to south-
west and south. The so-called avenues may have been lines of Cyclopean
fortification, or portions of an enciente, and probably only the central stones
inside the inner circles represented the ruins of edifices not dissimilar to those
now seen in the Balearic Islands.” The paper occupies two pages, and is
illustrated with a plan and two photographic blocks of Stonehenge, with four
others of megalithic structures in Minorca and Malta.

Wilton. In Good Words for July, 1894, is a paper by Geoffrey Winterwood,
VOL. XXVIII.—NO. LXXXII. F

66 Wiltshive Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

with illustrations by G. Fidler, on Wilton House. The woodcuts, seven in
number, of the entrance, the house and bridge, cloisters, interior of the bridge, *
house from the west, Holbein’s Porch, and south-west view of the house, do
not do justice to their subjects, and the singular charm of Wilton is hardly
reflected in the sketchy letterpress.

The Jutes and Wansdyke. In the October number of The Antiquary,
vol. xxx., p. 152—156, Mr. F. M. Willis has a paper entitled “ Notes on the
Jutes,” in which he puts forward arguments, principally etymological, to prove
that the Jutes took a much more prominent place in the Teutonic conquest of
Britain than has hitherto been supposed. Mr. Willis does not dogmatise on
the point, but professedly gives the reasons for his theory for what they are
worth. How far his etymological arguments are sound is not easy to judge.
He quotes from Henry of Huntingdon the following passage :—“ A.D. 478.
Hengist, King of Kent, died in the fortieth year after his invasion of Britain,
and his son Ese reigned thirty-four years. Esc, inheriting his father’s valor,
firmly defended his kingdom against the Britons,and augmented it by territories
conquered from them.’ He considers that until the coming of Cerdic and
Cynric and the West Saxons in 519 the supreme power lay with the Jutes,
the “Kingdom of the Kentish people” being a much more extended district
than that which we know now as Kent. ‘ It is with this extension of Kent,”

Mr. Willis says, ‘‘of which Henry of Huntingdon speaks that I connect
Wansdyke, and although the latter was probably never completed, it was, I
imagine, /Msc’s intention to carry it right across the island from channel to
channel asa northern boundary to the larger kingdom for which he was striving.’

The Museums at Farnham, Dorset, and at King John’s House,
Tollard Royal, pp. 166—171, in The Antiquary for October, 1894 (vol,
xxx.), is the title of a long and extremely appreciative article by Roach le
Schonix on the wonderful series of institutions which Gen. Pitt-Rivers has
established near Rushmore. The arrangement, classification, and labelling of
these collections are spoken of in the highest terms. Of the collection of
ancient pottery the writer says:—‘‘ We know of no other museum that has
anything like so perfect a general collection illustrative of the various styles
of pottery prevailing in different countries and at different periods, though
there are a few that have a far richer variety under one or other special
heading.”

“A Short Guide to the Larmer Grounds, Rushmore; King John’s
House; and the Museum at Farnham, Dorset, by Lt.-Gen. Pitt-
Rivers, F.R.S., F.S.A.,”’ is an 8vo pamphlet of 16 pp., giving a short
account of the pleasure grounds and museums already mentioned. It is
illustrated with a map of the neighbourhood, plans of the museums, and
fifteer photographic views of the Larmer Grounds, Rushmore Park, the
museum, and King John’s House, admirably reproduced, as well as a cut of
the Larmer Tree.

A long notice of the book, with an illustration of King John’s House, appears
in the Illustrated Archeologist, September 1894, vol. ii., p. 115.

————————— LL

Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 67

Report on Experiments with Potatoes and Onions in Warminster
and District, 1893. 4to; wrapper. London. 1894. Price 1s, Is pub-
lished by the Technical Education Committee of the Wilts County Council,
and consists of 32 pages recording the results of elaborate investigations into
the value of different manures, the best methods of checking disease, and the
varieties of potato best suited to different soils and circumstances, &c. The
analyst’s reports are by J. M. H. Munro, and the general report by E. S. Beaven
and E. H. Smith. It is illustrated by a good plate of six micro-photographs
of the organisms which are responsible for the potato disease. Noticed in
Salisbury Journal, March 24th, 1894.

Salisbury Cathedral. In Messrs. Cassell’s “ Cathedrals, Abbeys and
Churches of England and Wales,” Ato, an article of 7 pages, by H. T.
Armfield, is devoted to Salisbury. This, though written in a popular form,
is by no means of the ordinary “handbook ” type, but is full of valuable
suggestions and criticisms—as to the original position of the high altar—the
different effect of the polychrome decorations in ancient times and at present
—and other like points. The article is illustrated by an excellent full-page
photo-print of the Palace and Cathedral from the Palace grounds, and by four
other decent woodcuts in the letterpress.

Poems in Pink. By W. Phillpotts Williams, Master and Huntsman of the
Netton Harriers. Cr. 8vo, cloth, pp. 79. Salisbury, Brown & Co. ; London,
Simpkin, Marshall, & Co. Price 5s. This volume contains some thirty
pieces, of which the majority are hunting ballads. Many of them have
already appeared in Bailey’s Magazine, Land and Water, The Sportsman,
and The Country Gentleman—others are printed here for the first time.

A favourable review of the book appeared in the Salisbury Journal for
September 22nd, 1894.

Truffle Hunting. The Standard of October 6th, 1894, contains an article
descriptive of the process of hunting for truffles with dogs—with special
reference to the neighbourhood of Winterslow and Salisbury. English truffles
we are told are worth about 2s. 6d. per lb., and the counties in which they
most abound are Wilts, Hants, and Dorset.

Winterslow is again brought into notice by a long article in the Pall Malé
Gazette of September 20th, 1894, on Major Poore’s extremely interesting
experiment there in the sale or lease of plots of Jand to small holders.

This article has been reproduced by many of the county papers.

Downton. An article from The Agricultural Gazette on the College of

Agriculture at Downton, by H. E., is noticed in the Salisbury Journal,
February 24th, 1894.

Marlborough. Great Public Schools, published by Edward Arnold, London,
1893-—-6s.—contains an illustrated article on Marlborough College.
F 2

68 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

Old Sarum. In The Sunday Magazine for October, 1894, there is an article :
on “The Green Rings of Old Sarum,” by Wm. Canton, with several illus-
trations by A. Quinton.

Wilts Book Plates. The Journal of the Ex Libris Society, vol. iii., p. 92,
93, has an article on “Gore Book Plates,” by J. R. B., with two illustrations,
in which they are attributed to Thomas Gore, of Alderton ; and in vol. iv.,
part 6, there is an article of two-and-a-half pages, with three illustrations, on
“The Hungerford Book Plate,’ by J. Whitmarsh.

Early Man in Marlborough, by J. W. Brooke, 8vo, 12 pages. This is the
paper read by Mr. Brooke at the Marlborough Meeting of the Society on July
19th, 1894. It was reported fully in the local papers at the time, and was
reprinted in pamphlet form from the columns of The Marlborough Times.
Mr. Brooke’s record of the discovery of what he believes to be Paleolithic Flint
weapons on the surface at Pantawick and elsewhere near Marlborough, and
still more his belief that he has found weapons of this age in sitw in the gravel
pits of Savernake Forest, are very interesting points, but the scientific value of
his paper as a whole is quite marred by the very loose rein which the author
gives to his imagination in describing the life of Paleolithic man in the Pewsey
Vale, and in the theories which he advances as to the origin and use of Avebury
and Stonehenge and Silbury. To say, as he does, that ‘“ the earliest objects of
worship in this locality were the two stupendous works of labour and patience
the Marlborough Mound and Silbury Hill” is to make a statement which he
brings forward no proof to support, and which will seem to the great majority
of those who have studied the subject very misleading.

Cecily among the Birds is a bright story for children, in which birds are
the chief actors, by Miss Maude Prower (of Purton), which occupies 11 pages in
the October and November numbers of The Animal World.

Robert Carroll, by M. E. Le Clere (Miss Margaret E. Clarke), is an historical
novel of the time of the Young Pretender. Noticedin The Standard, 1893.

A Toy Tragedy is the title of a story recently published by Mrs. H. de la
Pasture (of Malmesbury).

Tha Parish Councils Bill is a Dialogue in Wiltshire Dialect by Mr. E. Slow,
of Wilton. Reprinted in pamphlet form, 12mo, from The Weekly Record.

Lord Lansdowne’s Viceroyalty of India—a notice from The Times—is
reprinted in the Devizes Gazette, June 28th, 1894.

Richard Jefferies. Longman’s Magazine for June, 1894, has an unpublished
paper by him—‘“ The Spring of the Year.”

A Blue Book, with a report by Mr. Aubrey J. Spenser on the condition of
Agricultural Labour in Wilts, &c., was noticed in the Salisbury Journal,
August 12th, 1893.

j Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 69

The Report of the Wiltshire Delegate, Mr. W. Weekes, of Cleverton,

Chippenham, on Agricu!tural Prospects in Canada, is given in the Devizes
Gazette, January 4th, 1894.

A Wiltshire Ballad, “Oh! the pity of it,” appearsin Zhe Pall Mall Budget
. June 2st, 1894.
The Wiltshire rustic is made to talk of
‘* Hushed glades of Heden land
Rose crystal spring.’’! !

The Tendency towards Centralization in County Management.
Edward Stanford, Cockspur Street. Reprinted from The Wiltshire Mirror.
A paper by Major Poore, noticed in The Guardian, August ldth, 1894.

Wiltshire Pictures. In the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition there was a
distant view of Salisbury Cathedral from the north-west, across the meadows,
by C. E. Johnson (No. 278) ; and in the New Gallery (No. 9), “‘ Evening at
Stonehenge,’ by Frank Dillon, the sun setting behind the stones, the soil
sandy.

The Grafton Gallery Exhibition of “ Fair Women” included the portraits of
Mary Sidney, Countess of Pembroke, by Marc Gheeraedts, lent by Lord de
L’Isle and Dudley ; Frances Seymour, Marchioness of Granby, d. of Charles,
Sixth Duke of Somerset, by Hogarth, lent-by the Duke of Rutland ; and the
following works of Sir Thomas Lawrence :—Eliza Farren, Countess of Derby,
lent by W. Beaumont, Esq.; another of the same, lent by the Earl of Wilton ;
Mrs. Fraser, lent by Col. Mackenzie Fraser; Georgina Lennox, Countess
Bathurst, lent by Earl Bathurst; Jane Elizabeth Digby, Lady Ellenborough,
lent by Alfred Morrison, Esq.; Mrs. Locke, lent by Lady Walsingham ;
Harriet Maria Day, lent by A. Smith Wright, Esq.; “ Charity,” lent by H.
Samuel, Esq.

Oxrruary Nortces.

“Mh. Alec Taylor. The Devizes Gazette, September 20th, 1894, had a notice
of this well-known trainer of racehorses, who died at Manton on September
13th. A notice from The Sportsman is also quoted.

George William Thomas Brudenell Bruce, fourth Marquis of Ailesbury,
died April 10th, 1894. Born 1863. Succeeded his grandfather—the third
marquis—in 1886. (He was the son of George John Brudenell Bruce and
Evelyn Mary, second daughter of the Earl of Craven). Obituary notices
appeared in the Daily Telegraph, The Star, St. James's Gazette, Devizes
Gazette, Wilts County Mirror, and other papers. He never took his seat

in the House of Lords, and leaves no children,

Rev. Richard Haking, Mus. Doc. A short in memoriam notice in The
Guardian, September 19th, 1894, by F. A. J. H. Mr. Haking was best
known as an accomplished musician. He published several pieces of Church
music. He was Vicar of Rodbourne Cheney, Wilts, 1862—73; Rector of.

a

70 Wittshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

Easton Grey, Wilts, 1873—82, and Rector of Congham, Norfolk, from 1882
until his death.

Algernon Perey Banks St. Maur, fourteenth Duke of Somerset,
born 1813, died October 2nd, 1894. Short notices appeared in The Standard,
October 4th ; Devizes Gazette, October 4th; and Pall Mall Gazette. The
latter states that “ He and the late Duke of Beaufort were the finest amateur
whips of the day.” He was the author of the chapter on “ Old Coaching Days”
in the Badminton volume on “ Driving.” The Illustrated London News,
October 13th, 1894, had also a portrait and short notice.

Sir John Astley died October 10th, 1894. Short notices in the Devizes
Gazette and Wilts County Mirror. Portrait in Illustrated London News,
October 13th, 1894. He was born at Rome in 1828, educated at Eton and
Christchurch, went through the Crimean War in the Scots Fusilier Guards,
Lt.-Col. 1859. Married Eleanor Blanche Corbet. M.P. for North Lincolnshire,
1876—80. An owner of racehorses and well known in all sporting and athletic
circles. In 1894 he published an autobiography entitled “ Fifty Years of
My Life.’ Buried at Elsham, Lincolnshire.

James Rawlence, of Bulbridge House, died September 15th, 1894, aged 84.
Obituary notices of him appeared in the Salishury Diocesan Gazette, October,
The Wiltshire County Mirror, September 21st, Devizes Gazette, and other
papers. Born at Fordingbridge April 21st, 1810, living successively at Heale
Farm, near Salisbury (1838) and at Bulbridge, near Wilton (1855), he was
very widely known asa land agent, a leading agriculturist, and great breeder
of Hampshire Down sheep, and was respected as widely as he was known.

Susan Esther Wordsworth, born March 16th, 1842, died June 23rd, 1894,
at the Palace, Salisbury. Buried at Britford, It may safely be said that no
woman now living is so well known and so widely beloved throughout the
counties of Dorset and Wilts as was Mrs. Wordsworth. ‘laking from the first
the greatest interest in all diocesan work—more especially in work which
affected the welfare of women—and travelling everywhere with her husband,
the Bishop, through the length and breadth of the two counties, she did in
Wiltshire as she had already done in Oxford, winning the affectionate esteem
of all who came in contact with her. Zruth spoke of her as ‘‘ the best bishop’s
wife since Mrs. Tait,’ and when the end came she was mourned not less
sincerely by rich and poor alike in the Diocese of Salisbury than she was by
those who had been privileged to know her in the old Oxford days at Brasenose.
The World, The Daily Telegraph, The Salisbury Journal, The Wilts
County Mirror of June 29th, The Devizes Gazette of June 28th, The
Guardian of July 4th, and many other papers contained obituary notices.

William Sainsbury, M,D., of Corsham. A long biographical notice ap-
peared in the Devizes Gazette of June 14th, 21st and 28th, 1894.

Obituary notices also appeared of James Waylen, in the Devizes —

Gazette, January 25th, 1894; Mr. Benett Stanford, of Pyt House, in
The Morning Leader ; and of Mary, Dowager Viscountess Sidmouth,
in the Devizes Gazette, January 25th, 1894.

7

Additions to AMusenm and Aibvary.

ey)

Tur Museum.

Presented by Mr. Cunnineton, F.G.S., about one hundred specimens
of Wiltshire fossils, including :—

Slab of Forest Marble, showing ripple marks and footprints of
Crustaceans, &c., from near Charlton Park.

Large Ventriculites radiatus, Oldbury Hill.

Phymaplectia scitula, Chalk Flint, Oare. Two specimens.

Phymaplectia irregularis, Chalk Flint, Oare.

Ventriculites decurrens, Chalk, Oldbury Hill.

Fossil Wood, Lower Green Sand, bridge foundations, Cane Hill.

Callopegma, Chalk Flint, Oldbury, and from Oare.

Heterostinia obliqua, Chalk Flint, Oare.

Thamnastrza concinna, Cor., Westbrook.

Holodictyon capitatum, Upper Green Sand, Warminster (two
individuals).

Holodictyon capitatum, with six individuals.

Jerea, species, Upper Green Sand, dug up in Market Place,
Devizes.

Rhopalospongia gregaria var., Upper Green Sand, Warminster.

Nematinion calyculum, Upper Green Sand, Warminster.

Teredo in Fossil Wood, Flint, North Wilts.

Pecten annularis, Cornbrash, Stanton St. Quintin.

Corynella lycoperdioides, Bradford Clay, Bradford-on-Avon.

Lingula, Kimmeridge Clay, Foxhangers, Devizes.

Lingula, Oxford Clay, Christian Malford.

Ventriculites impressus, Lower Chalk, Heytesbury.

72 Additions to Museum and Library.

Phorospheera, varieties, Wilts and Kent.
Verticellipora cretacea, Chalk Flint, Oldbury Hill.

Purchased— Wilts Token :—

Sere en Number of
No. toa Specimens
Williamson. | Boyne, ‘Value. te Society’s

Museum.

239 — | HENERY . RESTALL = Two pipes 2 1
crossed.
IN . SWINDON . 1668 = Three sugar
loaves.

and second examples of Sarum, George Page, 1657; and William
Viner.

Presented by Mr. Porter :—Trowbridge Token, Gorham.

Presented by Mr. W. Rowven :—Cavalry Hat of the original Wilts
Yeomanry.

Presented by Mr. G. Carrwricut:—Sarsen Rubber found with
human bones under a large sarsen stone at Down Barn, Pickle
Dean Bottom, Overton. Also Hammer-stone of Oolite, and
Sarsen Rubber, from Overton.

Presented by Mr. W. Srrarron :—Romano-British Bronze Fibula,
Bronze Wire Bangle, Implement made of the Horn of the Roe
Deer, and portion of Bracelet of carved Kimmeridge Shale, from
Cold Kitchen Hill.

Presented by Mrs. Sloper:—Parish Constable’s Staff of Bishops
Cannings and ditto of Bedborough Hundred.

Tue Liprary.

Bequeathed by the late Mr. J. Wayzten :—Canon Jackson on Amye Robsart,
from Nineteenth Century. Memoir of Rev. Samuel Webley, of Trowbridge.
Letter of Bishop Henchman re preaching of Stanley, &c. W. Houlbrook, of
Marlborough, the Loyal Blacksmith and no Jesuite.

Presented by THe AvtHor (Lord Arundell, of Wardour) :—Two Englishmen
who served with distinction in the cause of Christendom—Sir Ed. Wydville
and Sir Thomas Arundell.

Presented by Mr. T. H. Barer :—Select Works of Bishop Douglas with Bio-
graphical Memoir, 1820. Tracts of Thomas Hobbes, vol. i., 1681.

Additions to Musewm and Library. 73

Presented by Mr. W. H. Bet :—Stonehenge and its probable Age and Uses,
by W. A. Judd.

Presented by the Rov. W. P. S. BrnaHam:—The Works of Bishop Jewell,
Parker Society, 1845—50. The Church Historians of England (including
Richard of Devizes), translated by the Rev. J. Stevenson. S8vo. Lond.
1858.

Presented by Taw AurHor (Mr. J. W. Brooke) :—Karly Man in Marlborough.
1894.

Presented by Mrs. H. Cunnineron:—Old Licenses. Reminiscences of T.
Assheton Smith. Joseph: a Poem by Rev. C. Lucas. 1810. Newmania (Rev.
C. Lucas).

Presented by THz AvuTuor (the Rev. J. J. Daniell) :—History of Warminster.
Bath Church Rambler, two vols. The Life of George Herbert, S.P.C.K., 1893.
History of Chippenham, 1894.

Presented by Mr. G. E. Dartneut :—Salisbury, from Cassells’ Cathedrals,
Abbeys, and Churches. Cuttings from South Wilts newspapers.

Presented by Tue Autor (Mr. A. C. Fryer) :—Llantwit Major : a Fifth Century
University, 1893.

Presented by the Rev. E. H. Gopparp :—Report on Experiments with Potatoes
and Onions in Warminster and District, 1893. In Memoriam Notice S. E.
Wordsworth. The Fight at Dame Europa’s School.

Presented by Toe AurHor (Lt.-Col. H. Graham) :—Annals of the Yeomanry
Cavalry of Wiltshire, vol. ii, 1884—93.

Presented by Tor Avutuor (Mr. R. Inwards) :—Some Phenomena of the
Upper Air. 1894.

Presented by the Rev. W. J. Luckman :—Waylen’s History of Marlborough.
The Bath Church Rambler, vol. i.

Presented by Mr. H. H. Luptow Bruers:—Memoirs of Lt.-Gen. Edmund
Ludlow, Ed. C. H. Firth, two vols., 1894.

Presented by Tar AuruHor (Mr. N. Story Maskelyne, F.R.S.) :—The Catalogue
of the Marlborough Gems, 4to, 1870. The following Pamphlets :—Mineral
Constituents of Meteorites—Petrology of the Island of Rodriquez—Diaman~
tiferous Rock of South Africa—Notices of Aerolites—Notes on Connelite and
Columbite—Chemical Composition of Canauba Wax—The Collections at the
British Museum—Diamonds—Meteoric Stones—Insight obtained into Nature
of Crystal Molecule by Light— New Cornish Minerals—Systematic Distribution
of Physical Characters in Crystals—Notes on Lectures at the Chemical Society
— Optical Characters of Ludlamite.

Presented by Mr. H. E. Mupuicotr :—Jones, Fasti Ecclesiz Sarisburiensis and
Statutes. W. Chitty, Historical Account of the Long Family. Gillman’s
Devizes Registers, 1869, 70, 72, 76, 83. Hare’s Memorials of a Quiet Life.
Biographies of Romney and Sir Thomas Lawrence, by Lord Ronald Gower.
N. Wilts Church Magazine, 1874—93. Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, 1888—93.
Rules of the Bear Club, 1869. Account of Funds for Estcourt Memorial,
Devizes. Salisbury Cathedral Restoration, List of Subscribers, 1877. An-
tiquities of Marlborough College, second ed. Marlborough College Prolusiones,
1876. Reports of the Wilts Friendly Society, County Treasurer, Wiltshire
Society, Wilts Asylum, &. Wilts Constabulary Standing Orders, &c.

a. eed

74, Additions to Museum and Inbrary.

Presented by Mr. A. C. Pass :—Expenses of Printing Hoare’s Modern Wilts.
MS. Fol. Bound. i

Presented by THe AvrHor (Gen. Pitt-Rivers) :—Short Guide to the Larmer -
Grounds, Rushmore, King John’s House, and the Museum at Farnham. ;

Presented by Mr. A. Schompere :—Concise History of Wells Cathedral. J.
Davis. 1809. Waylen’s House of Cromwell and Story of Dunkirk.

Presented by Tor Somerset ARCHEOLOGICAL Society :—Guide to the Museum
at Taunton, 1893.

Presented by the Rev. G. P. Topprn :—Glory : a Wiltshire Story by Mrs. Linnzeus
Banks. Newspaper Cuttings

Presented by Mr. E. Doran Wexsp:—Salisbury Field Club Reports, vol. i.

Presented by Mr. F. M. Wittts:—Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow. Fol. 3rd
ed. 1781.

Acquired by purchase or exchange :—The Works of Bishop Sherlock and Account
of His Life, by T. S. Hughes, five vols., 1830. Bowles, Scenes and Shadows
of Days Departed, 1837. Crabbe’s Tales of the Hall, three vols. Sir T.
Phillipps, Wilts Freeholders’ Book, &c. Tour through South of England,
Wales, and Part of Ireland, 1791. Rev. F. Fox, of Potterne, New Testament
with Notes, two vols., 1722. Capt. Rowland Money, of Whetham, Wheat and
Tares, 1820. Dr. Bull’s Academy, and The Radical Member, by Author of
Dame Europa’s School. The History of Marlboroagh College, 1893. Seventy.
Wiltshire Acts of Parliament. Diaries of Sir Daniel Gooch, 1892. Lists of —
Devizes Burgesses. Palzontographical Society, vol. for 1863. Eleven papers
from Longman’s Magazine, by R. Jefferies, 1883—92. Armfield, Guide to
the Statues and West Front of Salisbury Cathedral. The New Schools and —
School-men, Poem. Short Account of Salisbury Cathedral. J. Hanson,
Ministry of Women. W. Doel, Twenty Golden Candlesticks, History of —
Nonconformity in Western Wiltshire. Funeral Sermon on J. Sergeant, 1878.
Bowles, a Few Words on Cathedral Clergy. Hymns used at Parish Church,
Farleigh Castle. Funeral Sermon on Rev. R. Elliot, 1853. Wiltshire Meeting
on Roman Catholic Claims, Devizes, 18138. History of Old Congregational ~
Church at Westbury, 1875. The Dove, or Passages of Cosmography, by R.
Zouche, 1839. Autobiography of Sir Benjamin Brodie, 1865. J. C. Salmon,
of Highworth. Leisure Hours with good Authors, and Musings on the Book
of Nature. Memoirs of Lord Bolingbroke, by G. W. Cooke, two vols., 1835.
Life of the First Earl of Shaftesbury, by Martyn & Kippis, ed, by G. W. —
Cooke, two vols., 1836. Brown’s Illustrated Guide to Salisbury Cathedral,
1877. The Illustrated Handbook to Salisbury Cathedral. Life and Corres-
pondence of the First Lord Sidmouth, by G. Pellew, three vols., 1847. Rev. 7
B. Thomas, of Malmesbury, Sermons, two vols., 1783. Life and Labours of
Dr. Adam Clarke. Vol. of Wilts Sermons, by Dean Pearson, F. W. Fowle,
G. P. Lowther, M. W. Mayow, C. Lipscomb, H. Deane, and Canon Jackson.
Wiltshire, from England and Wales Illustrated, 1764. Wiltshire Notes and q
Queries, Parts i.—vii.

HURRY & PE ARSON, =

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d Publishers, Devizes.

_ “pees
ae

QUERIES AND REQUESTS.
Witts BreriiogRaPHy.

With a view to collecting materials for the Bibliography of the

Mr.

County, Members of the Society and others interested in the
subject are requested to send notices of (1) any books or pamphlets
bearing on Wiltshire in any way, (2) books or pamphlets of any
kind written by Wiltshiremen, which may come under their
notice, to Mr. C. W. Honeate, Palace, Salisbury ; or the
Rev. E. H. Gopvarp, Clyffe Vicarage, Wootton Bassett. In the
case of scarce books or pamphlets the title page should be
accurately transcribed in full, and the size of the book and
number of pages given. Cuttings from Booksellers’ Catalogues
are also desired.

Wirts Drarecr.
G. E. Darrtyetr, Abbotisfield, Salisbury, and the Rev. E. H.
Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Wootton Bassett, would be greatly
obliged if Members interested in the dialect of the county
would send them notes of any Wiltshire words not already
noted in “ Contributions towards a Wiltshire Glossary,” in Nos.
76, 77, and 80 of the Magazine.

Notes on Locat Arcuzotoay anp Narurat History.

Tue Epttor of the Magazine asks Members in all parts of the county

The

to send him short concise notes of anything of interest, in the
way of either Archeology or Natural History, connected with
Wiltshire, for insertion in the Magazine.
Cuurcuyarp Inscriprions.

Rev. E. H. Gopparp would be glad to hear from anyone who
is willing to take the trouble of copying the whole of the in-
scriptions on the tombstones in any churchyard, with a view to
helping in the gradual collection of the tombstone inscriptions
of the county. Up to the present, about 35 churches and
churchyards have been completed or promised.

Tue Enetisn Dratecr Dictionary.—HELP NEEDED.

Prorsssor Josep Wrrcut, of Oxford, appeals for help from -those

interested in philological studies, in reading and “ slipping”
Glossaries and books containing dialect words, in order that
the work may be sufficiently advanced to enable him to begin
the task of editing the enormous mass of material—weighing
about one ton—which has been accumulating for the last twenty
years. The Dictionary is to cover entirely different ground from
that of Murray’s “ New English Dictionary,” being confined
strictly to non-literary English. Anyone willing to help may
obtain full information from Proressor J. Weieut, 6, Norham
Road, Oxford ; or G. E. Dartnett, Esy., Abbottsfield, Stratford
ttoad, Salisbury.

WILTSHIRE WORDS, a Glossary of Words used in the County of

Wiltshire talk.

Wiltshire, by.G. KE. Dartnell and the Rev. E. H. Goddard.
8vo, 1893. Pp. xix. and 235. Price, 15s. net. A re-publication by the
English Dialect Society of the three papers of “ Contributions towards a
Wiltshire Glossary which have appeared in the Wilts Arch. Maq., in
connected form, with many additions and corrections, prefaced by a short
grammatical introduction, and containing twelve pages of specimens of
Henry Frowde, Amen Corner, London, E.C.

wat
: ssuec | on t
M 'agazine has been so encouraging —no less that sixteen out of
orty-five books asked for having been presented already—that. this.
econd list of “ Books wanted ” is printed in the hope that it may
‘meet with equal good fortune. rahe Doe
Sir T. Philipps. Wiltshire Pipe Rolls. N. Wilts “Yabba? Rotulus
“\" Hildebrandi de London and Johis de Harnham, &e. ie
_ Hoare. Registrum Wiltunense. Chronicon Vilodunense, fol.
Hoare Family. Early History and G nealogy, &c., 1883. Me
Norris, Rev. J., of Bemerton, Works.
Beckford. Recollections of, 1893.
Memoirs of, 1859.
Beek Ford’ s Thoughts on Hunting, 1781.
Beckford Family. Reminiscences, 1887.
Lawrence, Sir T. Cabinet of Gems.
2 Life and Correspondence, by Williams. . :
ae Incidents in the Life of another Tom Smith, M.F.H., 1867.
Marlbcrough College Register.

Clarendon Gallery Characters, Clarendon and Whitelocke compared,
the Clarendon Family vindicated, &c. :
Cassan’s Lives of the Bishops of Salisbury.
: Life of Thomas Boulter, of Poulshot, Highwayman.
Broad Chalke Registers. Moore, 1881.
Akerman’s Archeological Index.
J. Britton. Bowood and its Literary Associations.
Hobbes (T.). Leviathan.
Harris. Hermes.
Oliver (Dr. G.). Collections illustrating a History of Catholic Religion
in Cornwall, Wilts, &c.
Bishop Burnet. History of His Own Time.
Koj eens: History of the Reformation.
us Passages in Life of John, Earl of Rochester.
Warton (Rev. J., of Salisbury). Poems, 1794.
Woollen Trade of: Wilts, Gloucester and Somerset, 1803.

: ford, 1882.
Riot in the County of Wilts, 1739.
Price. Series of Observations on the Cathedral Church of Salisbury.
Addison (Joseph). Life and Works.
Life of John Tobin, by Miss Benger.
Gillman’s Devizes Register, 1859—69.

Besant’s Eulogy of R. Jefferies,
- Petrie’s Stonehenge.
Description of the Wilton House Diptych. Arundel Society.
Crabbe: Life. Poetical Works.
Moore. Poetical Works. Memoirs.
Mrs. Marshall. Under Salisbury Spire.
Maskell’s Monumenta Ritualia. Sarum Use. Bi ak
Armfield. Legend of Christian Art. Salisbury Cathedral. 1869. eS
$2, Walton’s ieee: Hooker. Herbert.
IE *, * ay Books, Pamphlets, &c., written by Natives of Wiltshire on any su
“Pe will also be acceptable.

HURRY & PEARSON, MACHINE PRINTERS, DEVIZES.

“Lord Clarendon. History of the Rebellion, Reign of Charles BESS

Wiltshire Worthies, Notes, Biographical and Topographical, by J. Strat- a

R. Jefferies. Any of his Works. a:

| WILTSHIRE
] Atcheological ant Hotural Wistary
| MAGAZINE,

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PRINTED AND SOLD FOR THE Society sy Hurry & Pearson,
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Members who have not paid their Subscriptions to the Society FS ~§
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All other communications to be addressed to the Honorary Secre-
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A resolution bas been passed by the Committee of the Society,
“that it is highly desirable that every encouragement should —
be given towards obtaining second copies of Wiltshire Parish _
Registers.”

THE SOCIETY’S PUBLICATIONS.

To BE OsTAINED oF Mr. D. OweN, 31, LONG STREET, Devizes.

THE. BRITISH AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES OF THE NORTH
WILTSHIRE DOWNS, by the Rev. A. C. Smith, M.A. One Volume,
Atlas 4to, 248 pp., 17 large Maps, and 110 Woodcuts, Extra Cloth. Price £2 2s.
One copy offered to each “Member of the Society, at £1 11s. 6d.

THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF WILTSHIRE. One Volume, 8vo.

504 pp., with map. Extra Cloth. By the Rev. T. A. Preston. M.A. Price to —
the Public, 16s.; but one copy offered to every Member of the Society at half-
price.
CATALOGUE OF THE SOCIETY’S LIBRARY AT THE MUSEUM,
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WILTSHIRE—THE TOPOGRAPHICAL COLLECTIONS OF JOHN 4
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| J. E. Jackson, M.A., F.S.A. In,4to, Cloth, pp. “491, with 46 Plates. —
i Price £2 10s. ae

INDEX OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL PAPERS. The alphabetical Index of —

Papers published in 1891, 1892, and 1893, by the various Archeological and —
Antiquarian Societies throughout England, compiled under the direction of the |

Ni Congress of Archeological Societies. Price 3d. each. a

eos VS +

-.~ THE BIRDS OF WILTSHIRE. One Volume, 8vo., 613 pp., be
_--By the Rey. A. C. Smith, M.A. Price reduced to 10s. 6d. fe

___ WILTSHIRE
ehealagieal and Hatural Wistory
MAGAZINE.

0. (“LXXXTIL JUNE, 1895. Vou. XXVIII.
Contents, PAGE
OUNT OF THE Forty-First GENERAL MEETING, AT MARLBOROUGH 75
es ON Upper UrHam Manor-Hovse: by Harold Brakspear,

EE EN sos 15585 has Fada teh Go's Ae te ve Facdi asd ua ye chr yed asa g cinema Me 84,

OTES ON A Roman Cross-Bow, &c., FOUND aT SoOUTHGROVE FRM,
URBAGE: by the Rev. E. H. Goddard 2. picts ude ese sadespeenoe ia 87

GroLogy oF THE Rainway Line From CHIsELDON TO CoL- :
INGBOURNE: by F. J. Bennett, F.G.S., H.M. Geological Survey ... 91
Notrs on OBJECTS FROM A Saxon InTeRMENT aT Basser Down:
eae Pry BET. Codd 5y)- 0: cd tasuilgsodaeie satvevosubanteyouhaie wenn 104
oR BELFRY FORMERLY STANDING IN THE CLOSE, SaLIsBuRY, AND
Gis Beis: by John Harding .. .......ccsctssieceveccsnscescssecsvsves> Ae 7: 108
OTES ON CHURCHES IN THE “NgiGHBoURHOOD oF MaRLBoRoUGH :
ee, anita ES A ce css csevecbudeavenshan, |. sabinus Ain wana Sota 120
; Gravestone or ILBERT DE CHAZ: by. C,H. Talbot ..ccccscssescee 146
ws oF Non-Parocutat ReGisters aNnD Recorps: Copied and :
ommunicated by Mr. A. Coleman .......csssscecseesseceeseseeseaes veuctnae 149
tes ON ALDBOURNE CHURCH: by E. Doran Webb, 1 pts Ae: Geary 156
‘HARD JEFFERIES—BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ADDENDA: by George E. Siypit
artmell (Continwed) ...cccrccresverssccserssvesversoenenss Savbudenayabalsno was es 160
ores, ARCHEOLOGICAL AND Hisrorrcan ne sai saarslbakuas cabiwhine 167
BMRA GON NATURAL, ELIGTORY. \....+sescesdsarensecs sv cmalendecsse ties cecuns oophye 175
SONAL Novices OF WILTSHIREMEN.,+,..+:sssssssssssesesevesessersecees 180
PES ON WILTSHIRE BOOKS, &0..c.c00icsscccccvcccsssenscsscccecsosccscseene 184,
GAZINE ARTICLES, XC......secececees Aesaavinnpeihisenvaanveaas 189 _
Rk Books AND ARTicLEs BY “WinTsHIREMEN sUcealatocesatveaesa emer 195
Sane oF Canon JACKSON’S LIBRARY 11. s..cessssssecsvatsorsersevene 197
DITIONS TO MUSEUM wescesseveesacscosccoens betas tbcsavusteanedoa ied ee

ILLUSTRATIONS.
Upper Upham Manor House .., 84
Articles (figs. 1—4) from Romano-British Interment at
Southgrove Farm, Burbage... 88

- Romano-British Cross-bow Catch of Bone, ‘from South-
grove Farm ; Steel example of ditto from 16th Century
Cross-bow ; ‘and Roman Stamp from Broad Hinton... 89

Diagram and Sketch Map of the Geology of the Railway
Cutting from Chiseldon to Collingbourne ........ 92

gate. objects (figs. 1—5) from Saxon Interment at Basset
ade 4 dcsuee cawene’ 7 ROD

Objects ( (figs. 6—18) found in Saxon Interments at Basset
Down... 106

- Saxon Saucer-shaped Fibule ‘(figs. 19 and 20), found at
eR AMMING LIGW Eau tgtwindvadscpsarsstaukdqnssceckss code sense 107

Ground Plan, East Elevation and Sections of Chapel at

_. Chisbury 126 »

Plan and i Blevation ‘of Windows, Details of East Window, ee g'

5 aioe wo. Ualabry Chapel eee resevenee ePeeeereossevecesesr seeeee 126 > pe

(Roane & Pgarson, 4, St. Jonn SreEer.

WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE,

“MULTORUM MANIBUS GRANDE LEVATUR ONUS.’—Ovid.

JUNE, 1895.

THE FORTY-FIRST GENERAL MEETING
OF THE
Wiltshire Archeological any Natural History Society,
HELD AT MARLBOROUGH,
July 19th, 20th, and 21st, 1894.
Str Henry Bruce Mevx, Barr., President of the Society.
Mr. W. 8. Bamsripez, Mayor of Marlborough, in the Chair.!

THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, at which some forty-four
Members were present, was held at 3 o’clock on July 19th, in the
Town Hall, where the Members of the Society were received by
the Mayor and Members of the Corporation of the Borough in their
official robes, accompanied by the two maces, than which there are
few better examples of the Commonwealth period in England.
THe Mayor (Mr. W. 8. Bambridge) welcomed the Society to
Marlborough, and took the chair, in the absence of the President,
who was unavoidably prevented from attending, but sent a handsome
contribution towards the expenses of the Meeting. Mr. Mepuicorr
thanked the Mayor and Members of the Local Committee for the
cordial reception they had prepared for the Society, and proceeded

_ to read the Annual Report (printed in the last number of the
' :

1The Editor desires to acknowledge the assistance he has derived from the
pages of the Marlborough Times and the Swindon Advertiser in the pre-
paration of this report.

VOL. XXVIII.— NO. LXXXIII. G

76 The Forty-first General Meeting.

Mngazine), the adoption of which was proposed by the Rev. H. R.
WuytrHeaD, who praised the recent numbers of the Magazine, and
seconded by the Rev. G. 8. Masrer, who, speaking as a Member
both of the Somersetshire and the Gloucestershire Societies, as well
as of our own, corrected any feelings of undesirable self-satisfaction
which the previous speaker’s remarks may have tended to foster by
reminding Members that the journals of the two neighbouring
Societies had reached a high standard too, and would—as he put it
—“run the Wiltshire Magazine very hard” if every effort was not
made to keep up its quality.

The re-election of the Officers of the Society, with the addition
of Mr. N. Story Maskelyne, F.R.S., as a Vice-President, and of
Mr. H. Brakspear as Local Secretary for the Corsham district,
having been moved by Mr. Taxsor and seconded by the Rev. R.
U. Lampert, the business of the Meeting came to an end, and
Members adjourned to perambulate the town.

ST. PETER’S CHURCH was first visited—where Tur Recror
(the Rev. H. R. Whytehead) gave a concise account of the archi-
tecture of the building and of the alterations which had taken place
under “restoration” years ago. He mentioned that the Church
was one of those which was said to have a pigeon loft over the
chancel—and doubtless pigeons had lived there, but there was no
appearance whatever of the space over the chancel vaulting having
ever been intended for such a purpose.

At the Coll: ge Gates the Members were received by Tur Bursar
(the Rev. J. 8. Thomas), who acted as guide over the buildings of
THE COLLEGE. The Quadrangle ; LORD HERTFORD’S HOUSE,
which still retains the evidence of its intermediate existence as the
Angel Inn in the carefully preserved “bar”; the ADDERLEY
LIBRARY, housed in one of itsrooms; and the singularly magnificent
CHAPEL, where a short organ recital was given by Mr. BAMBRIDGE ;
and the beautiful old garden; were visited in turn. And then the

more active members of the party climbed the “MOUND,” which —

Mr. Brooxe afterwards claimed as a rival of Silbury Hill in age and
character. ‘lo those, however, who know the numerous “ burhs”’
of Saxon origin, and those used as the base of the early Norman

river, and within the bounds of the Castle—to be far more likely
to be one of these well-known military mounds than anything of
still earlier date. At present it fulfils the unromantic but useful
purpose of a water-tower for the College. At 5 o’clock the party
assembled for tea in the Master’s garden, where they were most
hospitably entertained by Tur Masrer and Mrs. Beri; and after-
wards, under the guidance of Mr. Mryricx, President of the College
Natural History Society, proceeded to inspect the very admirable
MUSEUM. The excellent arrangement and labelling of the specimens
is a pattern to similar institutions, and Marlborough may well feel
proud of the fact not only that she led the way among the great
schools of England in the formation of a Natural History Society
among her scholars, but that that society has continued ever since
its foundation to do such excellent work under the successive leader-
ship of many able naturalists amongst the masters. The collections
themselves are of much value and interest, not the least remarkable
objects being the really marvellous models of sea anemones and
meduse in glass, made by a glass worker in Dresden, who has
since been appropriated by the naturalists of the United States.

At 7 o’clock thirty-nine Members attended the ANNUAL DINNER
at the Ailesbury Arms Hotel, and then adjourned to the Town
Hall for the Evening Conversazione, at which some seventy-four
were present. The proceedings began by a very interesting address
by Mr. E. Doran Wess, F\S.A., on the “ History of the Hundred
and Church of Ramsbury”; which, after the interval devoted to
music, under the direction of Tur Mayor, was followed by Mr.
J. W. Brooxe’s paper on “ Early Man in Marlborough.” Mr.
Brooke had, at the cost of great personal labour, arranged round
the Town Hall the most notable objects from his collections of
antiquities—thus forming a museum certainly more extensive and ~
interesting than any got together for very many years past at any
Meeting of the Society, if indeed there has been any collection ex-
hibited like it since the Society’s foundation. The chief features of
the collection were the flint implements and the coins, the former

collected—with the exception of a fine case of Paleolithic specimens
G2

; The Annual Dinner. 77
keeps in other parts of England, it seems from its position—near the
}

O_O

. es

78 The Forty-first General Meeting.

from the Salisbury gravels—almost entirely from the neighbourhood
of Marlborough; whilst the most intereresting of the coins were the
extensive Roman series from the site of Cunetio—a site which has
also yielded to Mr. Brooke a very interesting series of fibulee and
other small bronze objects. In the case of both coins and flints
only a small portion of Mr. Brooke’s collection could be exhibited,
as his specimens run into many thousands in each case. His col-
lection of flint implements—with very few exceptions picked up on
the surface of arable land around Marlborough—is a striking ex-
ample of the treasures which are spread over all the chalk districts
of North Wilts, and are still waiting for the collector who will take
the trouble, as Mr. Brooke has done, to teach the labourers, the
ploughboys, the flint-diggers, and others employed on the land, to
know a flint implement when they see it. This knowledge is not
difficult to impart, really, although it may seem to be so, and the
result, as Mr. Brooke’s collection—amassed as it has been in a very
few years—shows, is often beyond anything that could have been
expected.

Mr. Brooke’s paper, which was reported at length in the local
papers, and has been printed in pamphlet form, dealt with the
conditions of life in Palzolithie and Neolithic times, touching on
the purpose and ages of Silbury, Avebury, and other similar
erections. The conclusions at which he arrived, however, that
Silbury and Marlborough mounds were erected as objects of
worship, and that it was partly the presence of sarsen stones
which caused the early settlers to congregate in North Wilts,
scarcely commend themselves to those who are not disciples of the
Phallic theory.

FRIDAY, JULY 20th.

At 9.15 a large party left the Town Hall in breaks for a long
day’s excursion, the first stoppage being at MILDENHALL CHURCH,
where Mr. Pontine pointed out the architectural features and history

of the Church, which is fitted up throughout with elaborate oak —

pews, gallery, altar-piece, and pulpit of the beginning of this century.
They are so good of their kind that in any “restoration” of the

e
Excursion on Friday, January 20th. 79

Church it may be hoped that they may be interfered with as little
as the necessities of provision for decent and reverent worship
permit.
_ The next stoppage was at AXFORD CHAPEL, now a farm-house,
where Mr. Doran Wess gave a short account of the history of
the place, and pointed out the remaining architectural features of
the building. Thence a charming drive alongside the stream, with
a beautiful view of Ramsbury Manor over the water, brought the
Members to RAMSBURY CHURCH, lately restored at great cost.
Here again Mr. Doran Wess, being on his own ground, as the
Historian of the Hundred of Ramsbury, acted as guide. Opinions
_ may differ as to whether the ornamentation of the new work in the
roofs of the aisles, &c., has not been somewhat overdone, but those
who remember the squalid condition into which the Church had
fallen will acknowledge that the recent works have transformed it
into a building of quite unexpected dignity and beauty. Itisa
subject for thankfulness, too, that, in the battle which raged over
* the roof of the nave, the party which favoured a “restoration” of a
high-pitched roof were defeated; and the old late Perpendicular
roof—a good specimen of its kind and date—was retained. The
interest here, however, centred chiefly in the remarkable series of
pre-Norman sculptured stones which were discovered during the
progress of the works, and which have now been placed on a raised
platform at the west end of the north aisle of the Church. It isa
pity that the cross-shaft was not erected somewhat further from
the wall, as its back cannot be seen with any comfort as it now
stands. The stone in the middle of it, too—even if it ever belonged
to the same cross at all—is manifestly placed now on its side, instead
of upright as it must have originally stood. (The whole of these
stones have been already described and illustrated in vol. xxviii.,
p. 50, of the Magazine.) Mr. Doran Webb mentioned that a part
of the cross, probably the head, still lies imbedded in the foundations
of the thirteenth century chancel arch. It was difficult to get out,
and was left there, and when attention was drawn to the fact the
work had proceeded too far for anything to be done to recover it.

After a thorough inspection of the Church, and a stroll in a most

80 The Forty-first General Meeting.

delightful old garden opposite the vicarage, the breaks took the
party on to CHILTON, where the Church was visited, Mr. Doran
Wess calling attention specially to the charming little Jacobean
screen, and mentioning a statement he had heard to the effect that
there were formerly three pre-Reformation chalices here which had
been melted up to form part of the present modern set of communion
vessels. It cannot be said, however, that the evidence of this
atrocity having been committed appeared at all conclusive.

The next item on the programme was luncheon in the schoolroom,
to which fifty Members sat down. Then some of the party walked
across the meadows and others drove to LITTLECOTE HOUSE.
This was really the chief attraction of the Meeting. It is a place
known to everyone by name, whilst comparatively few have had an
opportunity of visiting it. Here again the Society was fortunate
in having Mr. Doran Wesp as its cicerone, for probably no one
else knows as much of the place and its owners as he does, and his
method of imparting his knowledge to his hearers was both profitable
and pleasant. Inter alia he declared that he had not the slightest
belief in the traditional story of Wild Darrell and Judge Popham,
attributing the whole accusation to the malevolence of the first
Earl of Pembroke, who was by no means scrupulous as to the
weapons he used when anything was to be got by their use. The
fine hall, with its old oak shuffle-board table in the centre; its
armour and its buff coats—the latter said to be the most complete
set in existence—which saw service on the Parliamentary side in the
Civil War; its thumbstocks, and Judge Popham’s chair—to
mention only a few of the objects of interest—was first inspected,
and here Mr. Doran Wess gave the party a short account of the
history of the place and its possessors.

By kind permission of the owner—Mr. PorpHam—and the present
occupier—Mr. Bartne—the rest of the house was then seen—the
long gallery—the curious chapel—the dining room, with its
Gainsboroughs and Romneys—the bedroom of the Darrell legend—
and the singular little room with its walls covered with the quaintest
of Dutch paintings, the exact purport of which it is not easy to
make out. Among many other objects of interest the needlework

a.
Ss.

Excursion on Saturday, July 21st. 81

copy of the fine Roman pavement found in 1710 was specially noted.
_ Having seen the interior, the picturesque exterior of the house
was then inspected ; after which the party re-entered the carriages:
and drove to ALDBOURNE. Here the first thing to be seen was an
interesting collection of local objects, flints, Roman remains of
various kinds, coins, &c., &e., which had been arranged at the
Crown Inn, by Messrs. CoanpiEr, Barnzs, and W. Lawrence with
much trouble and care for the occasion.

The Church, described by Mr. Doran Wess, is full of interest,
and the party spent some time in it, finding, when they had
finished, an excellent tea awaiting them at the Crown Inn, which
was much appreciated. From this point a few Members went off
on an expedition to the singularly inaccessible but very interesting
house at UPPER UPHAM, walking and driving thence over the
downs, just then covered with lovely flowers, back to Marlborough.
The main body, however, pursued a more prosaic course to the
Church of OGBOURNE ST. ANDREW, which was described and
commented on by Mr. Ponrine.

At the Evening Meeting—at which some forty-five Members
were present—a paper was read by Mr. F. J. Bennert, F.G.S., on
the Geology of the Railway Cuttings on the Swindon and Marl-
borough Line; and in a few words the Rey. E. H. Gonparp made
a statement as to what had been done at Avebury during the recent
excavations, made in the vallum by Sir Henry Meux. Unfortunately
Sir Henry himself was still detained abroad, and Tur Mavor again
took his place as President of the Meeting. The Meeting concluded
with the expression by Mr. Mepuicorr of the thanks of the Society
to the Local Committee, and more especially to the Mayor and
Mr. Brooke, for the great trouble they had taken in every way to:
make it a success.

SATURDAY, JULY 21st.

Starting again at 9.15, im numbers considerably reduced frone
those of yesterday—for Saturday is an inconvenient day for many—
‘the party drove through the Forest by the London Road, stopping

82 The Forty-first General Meeting.

first opposite the now farm-house of KNOWLE, which stands on an
eminence to the right of the road, to inspect the little CHAPEL of
late thirteenth century date, the shell of which still remains in a
fairly perfect state, though it is unmarked on the Ordnance Map
and almost unknown. It is now used as a fowl-house, and the hens
strongly disapproved of the visit of the Society.

Proceeding on to FROXFIELD, the CHURCH was first inspected,
under Mr. Pontine’s guidance. This had recently undergone
restoration at the hands of Mr. Christian, and, with the exception
of one or two small points, the work seems to have been conducted
with a due regard to the ancient features of the fabric. Tur Vicar
here exhibited the singularly beautiful communion cup of German
work of the early seventeenth century, which stands alone of its
kind in the County of Wilts. The picturesque quadrangle of the
SOMERSET HOSPITAL, almshouses founded by Sarah, Duchess of
Somerset, in 1694, for twenty clergy widows and thirty lay widows
—spoiled as it is by the hideous chapel of 1812 in its centre—was
next visited. The Somerset hospital at present is a notable instance
of the way in which the income of charities is affected by the
agricultural depression—for more than half the houses cannot be
filled up for want of funds.

LITTLE BEDWYN CHURCH, with its fine Norman capitals and
other features grievously tooled up in the process of “restoration,”
many years ago, was next visited, Mr. Ponrine reading notes on
the architectural features, and then the hill, the top of which is
fortified by the earthworks of CHISBURY, was climbed, and the
desecrated CHAPEL, built apparently on the vallum of the camp,
was inspected. Although this building has apparently been used
as a barn ever since the Reformation (it might, perhaps, be more
exact to say because it has been so used), it retains its architectural
features of late thirteenth century date for the most part complete.
The details are singularly good, and the whole building a very
interesting one. After seeing the chapel the party walked round
as much of the circuit of the EARTHWORKS as the modern fortifi-
cations of barbed wire would admit of, and proceeded down the hill
to Great Bedwyn by the road which seems actually at this point to

Excursion on Saturday, July 21st. 83

tun in the ditch of the WANSDYKE, the rampart of which is
very conspicuous where the road turns at the bottom of the hill.
_ At GREAT BEDWYN lunch was ready in the school, and after
that had been disposed of the stately CHURCH—unfortunately a
good deal over-restored years ago—with its Norman arcades, and
monuments, was inspected, under Mr. Ponrine’s guidance; and
then the party started again for WULFHALL, where they arrived
somewhat Uefore the time appointed—probably an event unique in
the history of the Society’s excursions. Here the scanty remnant
of the historical BARN, in which the wedding festivities of Henry
VIII. and Jane Seymour were celebrated (if, indeed the existing
building is any of it of that date), was visited, and made by Mr.
Doran Wess the text on which he told many interesting stories
connected with the family history of the place. ‘The LAUNDRY,”
a singularly picturesque brick building, with a telling group of
chimneys of a type common enough in Elizabethan buildings in
Shropshire and elsewhere, but not often seen in Wiltshire, was also
visited and admired before the time arrived for tea, in the modern
house, above it, to which Lorp and Lapy Freprerick Bruce had
most kindly invited the Members of the Society. So pleasantly
ended the Marlborough Meeting of 1894—a meeting which was
voted most successful by all who took part in it, and which was
certainly notable for the unexpected excellence of the weather—the
efficiency of the guidance at the hands of Messrs. Doran Webb and
Ponting—and the remarkable character of the local collections
exhibited by Mr. Brooke.
Bi Et Ge

84

Alotes on Gpper Apham AHanor-House.
By Haroztp Braxsprar, A-R.I.B.A.

cn [gBOUT three miles north-west of Aldbourne on the top of the
«) 3@ downs is situated the old manor-house of the Goddards of
Upham, now for the most part degenerated into a farm-store, with
the hall divided into kitchen and parlour for the use of the present
occupier. With the exception of a few alterations which will be
noticed later, the building is all one date, of about the middle
of the sixteenth century. lt is rectangular on plan, with a central
projecting porch and two square bay-windows towards the front,
and is built in bands of flints and freestone with dressings of the
latter.

The porch has a handsome arched entrance doorway surmounted
by a bracketted entablature with circular plaques in the spandrils ;
upon the frieze over the keystone are the letters and date R. G.,
E.G., 1599. At either end of the lintel of the two-light transomed
window in the gable above are the letters T.G., and A.G.; these
initials also occur in the pointed oval panel below the window.
The inner door and moulded wooden frame are of the time of
Queen Anne.

The hall occupied the front of the house from the porch towards
the right; the oriel has been walled up, and the small window
between it and the porch enlarged by the insertion of a timber-
framed casement under the original sill; the same has been done to
what was the end window of the hall. The original chimney-piece
remains ; it has a bold ornamental frieze above which are the arms
of Queen Elizabeth in plaster work, well modelled in high relief ;
the arms themselves with the sinister supporter are much mutilated,
but the dexter supporter (a lion rampant crowned) is in excellent
preservation. On a scroll below is the motto, HONI solr QUI. MAL

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Notes on Upper Upham Manor-House. 85

The room lighted by the bay-window to the left of the porch was
panelled about the time of Charles I.; but retains the Elizabethan
fireplace of good design, the cornice of which is carried by a small
console bracket at each end.

The Queen Anne staircase at the back of the hall is handsome
and is carried up to the second floor. It is constructed in pine,
which is so dark with age as to be scarcely distinguishable from
oak; and instead of being solid the newels are framed together ;
all the terminals have disappeared.

The large room over and of the same size as the hall, was the
withdrawing room, and still retains the original chimney-piece in
good preservation ; it has caryatide figures one on each side carrying
an entablature with ornate frieze; round the opening is a band of
enrichment.

Two other original fireplaces remain. That over the left apart-
ment from the hall is in good preservation ; it has pilasters on each
side supporting the entablature, the frieze of which was left in block
only ; that in the room behind the withdrawing room was somewhat
similar in character, but has been mostly covered up by a more
recent chimney-jamb.

The original roof existing over the front part of the house is
tie-beamed and strutted; the principals about 7ft. from the floor
are roughly hollowed out, evidently to receive the side coves
of a ceiling. As the main staircase came up to this floor
probably there was a long gallery from end to end of the roof,
lighted by dormer windows over the front—a not uncommon
arrangement in houses of this date. The roofs are now covered
with red plain-tiles, but have been altered in places, as originally
the back elevation of the house was finished with three gables in
place of the present hips. The bay windows in front probably were
also surmounted by gables.

The present chimneys are not of the sixteenth century, but seem
to be of the time of Queen Anne, when so much other work was
done to the house.

The back elevation is pierced by two rows of untransomed three-
light windows. The section of the mullions throughout both front

ren a

86 Notes on Upper Upham Manor-House.

and back are simple and effective, being square with the angles
taken off by a hollow chamfer.

The original outbuildings have entirely disappeared; so also have
the entrance gates and piers; but a long piece of sixteenth century
ornamental stonework now built into the low wall by the present
gate probably formed a portion of one of the piers.

From the initial letters over the porch it is concluded that the
present house was commenced on or near the site of an earlier
building (said to have been the hunting lodge of John of Gaunt) by
Thomas, second son of John Goddard of Upham, who appears to
have succeeded to the Swindon and Upham estates—or part of them
—at his father’s death in 1545; the Standen Hussey and Clyffe
Pypard estates going to his eldest brother, John. Thomas married
for his first wife, Ann, sister of Sir George Gifford, from whom the
Swindon branch of the family are descended; and secondly, Jane?
daughter of John Ernle. ‘The initials of the first marriage appear
in the two places named. The letters and date R.G., H.G., 1599
are for his son, Richard Goddard and Elizabeth Walrond, his wife,
who, it is supposed, completed the house. The will of his father,
Thomas, was proved in 1597, so that Richard must have been in
possession, two years previously to the date over the entrance.

The large tomb in the south transept of Aldbourne Church is
supposed to be that ot Thomas, his wife Ann, and their children.
The Richard who gave the tenor bell, and who is commemorated on
the brass in the south aisle—if the two refer to the same man—was
not the Richard whose initials appear on the house, as Jefferies
states in his ‘“‘ Memoir of the Goddards of North Wilts,” but an
ancestor of a century earlier.

87

Alotes on » Roman Cross-bow, &c., found
at Sonthgrove Farm, Burbage.

By the Rev. E. H. Gopparp.

a=; HESE interesting relics were found in the summer of 1893,
¢ ‘ 4) and were exhibited at the Warminster Meeting of the
Society. Mr. S. H. Gauntlett, the tenant of Southgrove Farm,
writes as follows of the circumstances of their discovery :—“ The
remains were found in Burbage parish, at the top of the chalk road
leading from this farm on to the down, when the men were cutting
away a piece of the down to make the road wider. The skeleton
was lying in the hard chalk—the face downwards and the body
twisted. The head was only about 3in. underground, but the feet
were about 3ft. There was a little rising over the spot, but no
stones. The teeth were all perfect and not decayed. The bones
were very large, and the man must have been decidedly over 6ft.
Nothing else (besides the articles here described) was found at the
time, and no further search at the spot has been made.”

The relics were sent to Mr. C. H. Read, of the British Museum,
who pronounced them to be Roman or Romano-British, and identi-
fied the object figured as No. 5 as the catch of a cross-bow, two or
three similar catches of Roman date, which have been found in
London, existing in the collections of the British Museum. This
makes the discovery interesting, as the cross-bow has been sometimes
supposed to be purely a medizeval weapon.

Boutell, in his Arms and Armour, p. 188, says :—

“For a while during the twelfth century, as the long-bow in the fourteenth,
the cross-bow had the reputation of being a weapon terrible beyond all others.
At that time probably it was a novelty. It does not appear at all in the Bayeux
Tapestry, nor in any other monument of the eleventh century. It is remarkable,
also, that when the cross-bow was first introduced it was forbidden to be employed
by Christians in warfare with one another, as being too murderous a weapon ;
this was at the second Council of Lateran, held in the year 1139; and it was

only new inventions, or early ones revived, that were interdicted in such a manner
as the cross-bow was at that time.”

,
ae

88 Notes on a Roman Cross-bow, &c., found at Burbage.

Planche, Cyclopedia of Costume, i., 10, quotes Sir 8. R. Meyrick
as saying :—

“The cross-bow was an invention of the Roman Empire in the East, suggested
by the more ancient military engines used in besieging fortresses, hence its name
‘arcubalist,’ or ‘arbalist,’ compounded of Greek and Latin words. It was
introduced into England at the Norman Conquest, but Richard Ceur de Lion is
said first to have brought it into general fashion.” Skelton’s Hugraved Speci-
mens, vol. ii. In Domesday Book Odo ‘the arbalister,’ holds land in Yorkshire,
and Robert, ‘ the cross-bowman,’ in Norfolk.”

The various articles found in the grave, and now deposited on
loan in the Society’s Museum, are as follows :—

1. The iran head of a small hammer, 23in. long, without claws.
A portion of the wooden handle remains in the hole in the head.

2. Part of the handle of a dagger, or knife, of bone. The end
of the iron tang of the blade still remains fixed in it. It measures
1fin. in length, by 1Zin. in diameter at the butt. Apparently
formed by hand, and not turned.

3. A hollow tubular article of bone, which has been turned,
18in. long and 1--in. in diameter, part of a handle—possibly of
the same dagger as No. 2.

4. Strips of bone, measuring in all 164in. in length by 3in. in
breadth. Whether these all belong to one strip or not is not clear
—only one end is preserved, that at the upper end of the strip
figured, which has a notch cut in it to fit something. These strips
are ornamented with a border of three irregular grooved lines on
either side, and in the centre a row of double concentric circles, cut
apparently with a centre-bit. These circles are very carelessly
struck at unequal distances and out of the straight line. Ornamen-
tation of an exactly similar character is to be seen on a bone comb
of Saxon date, found at Hye, in Suffolk, and figured in Akerman’s
Pagan Saxondom, p. 43. The strips were fastened to the substance
beneath them by small iron rivets, of which two remain. Mr. Read
suggests that possibly they may have ornamented the sides of the
cross-bow stock.

There is also a fragment of flat bone pierced with a hole, and a
plug or wedge of bone jin. long, which had been in contact with

iron.

<a
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Se =<

Articles from Romano- British

Interment at Southgrove Farm, Burbage.
(Scale, 3 linear, )

TTC ETLTOTTIE
Catt Vtg

5.—Romano-British Cross-bow Catch of Bone, from Southgrove Farm. (Full size.)
6.—Steel example of Ditto from 16th Century Cross-bow. (Scale, 4 linear.)

7.—Roman Stamp, from Broad Hinton. (Full size.)

. ie of 24 ,
; |

By the Rev. E. H. Goddard. 89

5. Cross-bow catch of bone, figured full size. It measures 1 tin.
in length, by lin. in breadth and lin. in height. The part dotted
in the figure is restored in plaster of Paris. It is pierced by a hole
for the iron spindle on which it revolved.

6. The steel catch of an arbalist, or cross-bow of the sixteenth (?)
century,! showing how the catch is fixed in the stock—with the
groove for the bolt to lie in. It will be seen that this catch is
almost precisely similar to the Roman example, except that it is of
steel and of a larger size. It is here reproduced one-half the size
of the original. When strung the string of the cross-bow is drawn
back and catches behind the upstanding teeth, the butt-end of the
arrow or bolt lying between them. The catch revolves freely on a
central spindle, and, when the bow is strung, is kept from turning
over by a trigger which catches a projection underneath, shown in
the figure of the Roman example. As soon as this trigger is loosed
the catch instantly revolves on its axis, owing to the pressure of the
string; the string is loosed and flies forward, thus propelling the
bolt which lies against it. It is curious that the mechanism of the
bone catch and that of steel should be so nearly identical when
one considers that one thousand years or more must have elapsed
between the dates of their respective manufacture.

In addition to the objects figured, there were found a long and
very narrow knife blade of iron 44in. long in the blade, 2din. in the
tang, and tin. wide—A second knife blade measuring 3}in. in the
blade and 1}in. the tang—a large round-headed nail, with the point
clenched, 2in. long—a buckle P—two small iron plugs?—an iron
ring 1+in. in diameter outside—two or three other pieces of iron—
and a curious iron object curved, 43in. long with two iron bars

_ projecting from it at right angles 1ldin. in length. This piece of
_ iron still retains on its inner face traces of the wood to which it was
fastened, and as it much resembles in shape the iron side pieces on
the stocks of some of the later cross-bows figured by Meyrick, &v.,
it seems not unlikely that it may have occupied the same position

?This figure is from a drawing kindly made by Mr. T. W. Leslie from an

: arbalist in the possession of Mr. E. C. Trepplin, F.S.A.

- ot oe te
‘ ii

90 Bronze Roman Stamp in possession of N. Story Maskelyne, Esq.

in the Roman cross-bow, and that the bone catch may have revolved
on one of the transverse bars. All these iron articles are much
corroded.

Half of a pair of plain bronze tweezers 23in. long—a plain piece
of thin bronze which has been used as a clamp for some rectangular
object, possibly the cross-bow stock—and a whetstone of hard white
stone about din. in length, complete the list of objects found.

BRONZE ROMAN STAMP IN THE POSSESSION OF
N. STORY MASKELYNE, ESQ., F.RB.S.

The only record of the origin of this interesting object, figured.
No. 7. on the accompanying plate, is that it was found many years
ago, “in a field at Broad Hinton.” It is here figured full size—
14in. long and +}in. wide. The inscription is given as it appears
in the impression made by the stamp—on the stamp itself the
lettering is of course reversed. The letters stand up in high relief
on the stamp, making a deep impression on the wax. Mr. Haver-
field, the well-known authority on Roman inscriptions, to whom
an impression was sent, writes :—I cannot say anything definite
as to use or date. The Roman metal stamps were used to stamp
almost all impressible substances (e.g., bread in one instance at
Pompeii) ; the pottery stamps are, however, usually quite different.
The names Servius Sulpicius suggest for a date the end of the first
century A.D. (cf. the Emperor Galba), but this does not go for
much. Abascantus—a Greek name—(i.e., a Greek freedman
trading here) is common.” The name Abascantus occurs on the
pig of lead discovered on Matlock Moor in 1894, and described in
The Antiquary, May, 1894.

The stamp is of bronze, and has attached to the back a portion
of a ring, evidently meant to put the finger through when it was
in use. It was noticed in The Antiquary for October, 1894, p. 138,
but has not otherwise been published or described. A wax im-
pression has been placed in the Society’s Museum.

EK. H. Gopparp.

91

Che Geology of the Aailway Aine from
Chiseldbon to Collingbourne.

By F. J. Bennett, F.G.S., H.M. Geological Survey.*

[Read at the Marlborough Meeting of the Society, July 20th, 1894.]

N responding to a request for a paper on the geology round

q Marlborough it occurred to me that the best thing to do
would be, in a measure, to supplement the admirable paper by
_ Mr. Codrington in the Magazine, on “The Geology of the Berks
and Hants Extension Railway,” published in 1865.
When that paper was written the line from Swindon to Andover
did not of course exist.
I propose now to describe the geology of the cuttings from
Chiseldon to Collingbourne. These cuttings are so familiar to
many of you that I hope you may be easily able to follow the
diagram I have prepared to illustrate the various strata shown.
In addition to a diagrammatical section of these cuttings there

is attached to them a plan or map of the geology of the country
to the east of the line. This has been given to show how a cutting
may help in the making of a geological map, and may also help to
explain a process that very often puzzles people.
The cuttings, then, show in section, the geology of the country
through which the line passes, and the map shows in plan, how the
beds seen in the cuttings crop out and appear at the surface of the
_ ground to the east of the cutting.
Diagrams are not as clear to most persons as their makers
generally suppose them to be, and so often fail of their purpose.
The clearest way, of course, would be to show all this by models.
# At our Geological Museum in Jermyn Street, London, may be seen

-
or
ay

zt
* With the permission of the Director General of H.M. Geological Survey.
_ VOL. XXVII1.—NO, LXXXI1I. H

92 The Geology of the Railway Line from

a most instructive model of the geology round London, and it
‘should be visited and carefully studied by all those wishing to
understand the relations between underground and surface geology.
This model is on the scale of 6 inches to one mile, and is cut
through along various lines of section to show the subterranean
extent of the several formations.

It is these railway cuttings as well as those along roads, together
with wells, quarries, brickyards, banks, and ditches, and even the
burrows of the humble rabbit and mole, that help the geologist to
make a geological map.

The diagram begins a little north of Chiseldon Station and ends
at Collingbourne Station. It includes the upper cretaceous beds
from the gault to the upper chalk, and shows also the Kimeridge
clay. It is merely a diagram, and is not drawn to scale, and covers
in a small space a very great deal of ground.

The line »—* marks the level of the rails. Above that you
have the irregular line showing the top of the cutting; then you
have the map attached to the cutting, which the cutting has
helped to make. If we look at the diagram we shall see that the
beds by Chiseldon have a slope, or “dip” as it is called, to the
south, and that this south dip continues till you pass Marlborough,
where the direction of the dip changes and the beds are also bent
up so that at Savernake they dip north, while at Grafton they again
dip south. .

Below the level of the line *—* the beds have been continued
below the surface of the ground to show their order underground,
and the effect of the uprise, forming the Pewsey Vale.

The beds in our cutting fall into three classes, clays, sands, and
limestones, represented by the gault, the upper greensand, and the
chalk.

There is a gradual passage from the gault clay to the upper

greensand, the clay growing more sandy till it becomes a true sand,
and again there is a passage from the greensand to the chalk, the
former becoming more and more calcareous till it passes into chalk.
But in the lower part of the lower chalk are some very
sandy and gritty beds, the middle chalk differs from the upper

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Chiseldon to Collingbourne. 93

chalk, and both these divisions of the chalk have thin hard beds

and seams of mazl, all of which have their due significance,

The distribution of the fossils in the chalk and the consequent
establishment of zones, or bands, in which similar assemblies of
fossils occur, and of stages, have received much patient investigation
at the hands of Dr. Barrois and Messrs. Jukes-Browne, Hill, and
others, and the history of the chalk—once thought to be so simple
—is found to be a complicated one.

We will now commence our journey along the line, starting
_ from Swindon, though this is outside the limits of our diagram.
The old town of Swindon stands on high ground, a capping of
Portland sand and limestone, on clay. The old houses avoided the
clay and kept to the sandy beds, for water was found in the sands
over the clay. This clay is the Kimeridge clay. It is a very fine
clay, and this fineness and its marine fauna show that it was laid
down in a fairly deep sea at some distance from a shore line.

The false-bedded sands of the Portland beds show current action,
nearness of land, and re-elevation after the Kimeridge depression.
As we see the Kimeridge clay at Swindon Station dipping away
under the Portland sand to the south, we expect it to disappear in
_ that direction.

So when we examine the next cutting, near Burderop Wood, we
are not surprised to find a fresh bed there. This is a clay, best
known as the gault, forming the narrow belt of lower land at the
foot of the chalk and upper greensand hills.

The beds in the diagram are numbered to distinguish them and
shaded as well; the gault is number 2, and the Kimeridge clay
number 1.

Though the Kimeridge clay is shown in the diagram as actually
passing under the gault in the railway cutting, this is inferred, as
we do not see it doing this, but we know it must be so.

As the gault clay is not very thick—only about 70ft—and is
dipping steadily south, it soon disappears under the upper green-
: sand, and it may be seen doing so in the next cutting to the south.

The name gault is a local one for a greasy clay, and the name
was used geologically as early as 1788. Gault is a bluish or grey

: u2

* tev! = |

94 The Geology of the Railway Line from

micaceous clay, with crystals of iron pyrites; these being abundant
as a rule, render the fossils difficult to preserve, and they should be
treated frequently with a solution of gelatine; there is, however,
little pyrites in Wilts.

_ Water percolating through the upper greensand over the gault,
causes the sand to slip over the clay, so that landslips are very
frequent over the gault, and they may be seen all the way from
Burderop Wood by Wroughton, Broad Town, &e.

- With the gault the upper cretaceous series of rocks begins, and
with it a great period of subsidence, continued, with the exception
of a shallowing during the upper greensand period, through the
whole of the upper cretaceous period, until a thickness of several
hundred feet had been deposited, varying in different parts of
England, but thinning steadily in a westerly and northerly direction.
_ The junction of the gault with the upper greensand is to be seen
in the cutting beyond Burderop Wood, where a bridge crosses the
railway.

We shall here find it difficult to mark the exact place where the
one bed ends and the other begins, as the gault becomes more sandy
until it passes into the greensand and disappears beneath it.

But the next cutting—viz., that at Chiseldon—shows much more
clearly the southerly dip, and here we shall see no trace of the gault.

The northern end of the Chiseldon cutting shows the junction of
the upper greensand with the chalk.

The Upper Greensand. |

The greensand can be seen to dip south under the chalk, and
before we go far along the cutting has quite disappeared.

The junction of the upper greensand and the chalk is marked by
a dark green clayey sandy bed with dark brown phosphatic nodules.
This bed is only about 18in. thick. So numerous are these phos-
phatic nodules in Cambridgeshire that they have been worked and
made into manure. The upper greensand here is about 60ft. thick.
In Dorset, South Wilts, and the Isle of Wight it is over 100ft. in
thickness.

All sand deposits were laid down at no great distance from the

Chiseldon to Collingbourne. 95

shore, and the shore-line of the upper greensand was to the north
and west, and at the close of the period, when the Warminster beds
were being deposited, the whole of south-eastern and central England
was covered by a sea, nowhere more than one hundred or one
_ hundred and fifty fathoms deep, and gradually shallowing westward.
To the south-west it stretched to the borders of Dartmoor, and
washed the foot of the Quantock Hills; the valley of the Bristol
_ Channel was a deep inlet, and thence the shore-line swept north-

ward below the hills of Glamorgan, Monmouth, and Hereford.
The sea then trended north-east to Derbyshire, and passed up the
eastern side of the Pennine: range.

I am here following Jukes-Browne and his book, the “ Building
of the British Isles.”

This sand is greenish grey in colour, consolidating into a sand-
stone at times; pale calcareous sandstones and chert also occur.
_ These calcareous sandstones are sometimes called firestone, and are:
well developed at Reigate. The green colour is due to glauconite,
a hydrous silicate of iron, alumina, and potash.

‘The upper greensand was laid down near a coast-line, and.
indicates a physical change and a diversion from the mud-bearing
_ eurrents of the gault sea.

As the outcrop of the upper greensand is not very wide, the bed
not being very thick and the dip a good one, the space it occupies.
on the surface of the ground is a narrow one.

This is bed number 3 in the diagram, where it is seen rising up
under the chalk in the cutting and then spreading out on the map
by Badbury, Liddington, and Wanborough.

_ But narrow as the outcrop is, it has a marked effect on the
“scenery, as may be seen in the narrow and picturesque gorges cut
through it at Chiseldon and Wroughton, to mention only two
- instances out of many. All along the escarpment of the chalk,
villages are found to be situated on the outcrop of the upper green-
sand.

Effects of Escarpments on the Shape of Parishes.

Ks, The variety of soil, too, found to exist in passing from the top of

96 The Geology of the Railway Line from

the escarpment to the bottom, viz., the chalk at the top, the greensand
below this, and the gault at the base, has, if you will examine on a
map the shape of the parishes situated on the escarpment, determined
this shape, which you will find to be a long parallelogram, of width
varying with the size of the parish, but agreeing very much in
length, and extending from the top of the escarpment to the bottom,
#.e., from the chalk to the gault. It will thus be found that each
parish has its share of the chalk, or down land, on the top; of the
arable land, %.e., the upper greensand, on the slope; and of the
grass, or the gault, at the base.

The same thing is found to be the case in all similarly-situated
parishes in other parts of England.

This is a point of much interest, showing how geology can in
such cases determine the shape of a parish, but where parishes are
situated wholly on one geological formation then other considerations
of course step in and the shape is irregular.

The chalk, being open land, was chosen as the site of very early
settlements, and existing parochial boundaries no doubt in many
cases perpetuate divisions of the land which existed before the
parochial system itself came into existence.

Greensand and the Water Supply.

The reason why the villages follow the outcrop of the upper
greensand is found in the ease with which water is procured, for
the sand lets rain water through very easily. It is then stopped
by the gault clay underneath, and causes springs. Springs also
occur near the junction of the lower chalk and the greensand.

Greensand and Sanitation.

This ease with which water sinks through the greensand should
cause far greater caution than as a rule is exercised in allowing any
cesspits to exist in the upper greensand, or indeed anywhere, as
they are most dangerous.

We may, it is true, go on offending against sanitary laws with
far greater impunity in some soils than in others, though retribution

Chiseldon to Collingbourne. 97

comes in due course. But in villages on the upper greensand the
carelessness that is usually exhibited is most amazing.

a The sanitation of village schools, where the greater part of the
juvenile population of the village is centred for so many hours
. during the day is a most important matter; here, again, no cesspits
q should be allowed but all refuse should be bestowed daily in the
soil. Where this method is not adopted epidemics are likely to

_ Thus, narrow as is the outcrop of the upper ereensand, yet, from
the number of villages situated upon it, it is.a most important
formation. Agriculturally also it is important as. forming the best
land.

The Lower Chalk.

% SoD his j is the division of the chalk next above the upper greensand.
The base of the lower chalk is marly, and is known as the chalk
4 marl. The chloritic marl referred to before is the base of the chalk
“yi “marl, and shows strong current action with consequent erosion, and
b “contains fossils derived from the upper beds of the upper greensand
a —the Pecten asper zone.

q _ The chalk marl is a thick-bedded marly chalk, well shown at
- Chiseldon Railway Station. A little further south a change sets in
and we find some thinner, harder, gritty, siliceous beds. These
seem to point to the fact that the sea of the lower chalk was
still within the influence of a current bringing fine sand. The
depth of this sea has been estimated at from three hundred to four
hundred fathoms. The glauconite so abundant in the upper
ee: greensand lessens in the chalk marl till it Piha: in the upper
Ee beds of the lower chalk.

oS The lower chalk near the escarpment occupies a considerable area,
‘ o that it is there an important division.

th upper greensand. A reference to the diagram where this
division of the chalk is marked 4¢ will show this fairly well.

98 The Geology of the Railway Line from

From an agricultural point of view the lower chalk is notable as
forming the principal arable land of the district, and the heavier
land of the chalk area, except for the clayey soil over the upper chalk.

Between Chiseldon and Yatesbury it has an outcrop of from three
to four miles. It also forms the lower part of the chalk escarpment
and is a prominent feature.

Archeology of the Lower Chalk.

This escarpment of the lower chalk has numerous old trackways
cutting deeply into it, probably dating back to the Stone Age. These
trackways lead down to the belt of woodland at the base of the
escarpment, in these woods game no doubt abounded. ~The
number of these is in marked contrast with that of the modern
roads, which are here few and far between. This points to a popu-
lation in early days much more numerous than the scanty numbers
now inhabiting the district.

Canyons and Terraces in the Lower Chalk.

Near the edge of the lower chalk escarpment may be seen—as,
for example, near Liddington and Wanborough—steep-sided
eanyon-shaped valleys looking like chasms rent in the chalk.
These are the result of water action in former times, when the
water-level in the chalk was higher than now; the draining of the
White Horse Vale, the clearing of the waterways, the cutting
down of the woods, and the diminished rainfall, has caused this
lowering of the water. So steep are the slopes of these valleys that
you come on them from the higher ground quite suddenly and
without preparation. Their bottoms are now dry, and in many
eases I have found: old pit-dwellings and lynchets or cultivation
terraces, connected with them. Other good examples may be seen
at King’s Play Hill and Heddington. Here the sides of these
valleys are terraced and their bottoms flat—valleys that were
originally v-shaped having been flattened at the bottom by the
action of constant ploughing, continued to the present day from
the time when the terraces were cultivated.

The lower chalk, mcluding the chalk marl, is about 250ft. thick,

Chiseldon to Collingbourne. 99

and contains some very massive beds, as may be seen in some of the
road sections near Basset Down and Clyffe Pypard.

The Middle Chatk.

About three miles from Chiseldon Station the cutting enters the
middle or second division of the chalk ; the dividing line between
‘this and the lower chalk is marked by a line of hard nodular
yellowish chalk known as the Melbourne Rock, but sections where
_ this rock occurs are rare in this district. This nodular bed, however,
may be seen on the surface of the ground near the junction of the
lower and middle chalk. Unfortunately the cutting does not pass
through this Melbourne Rock, but it may be seen in a pit close to
_ the line.
_ The middle chalk is whiter and purer than the lower chalk and
less argillaceous. Flints also begin to make their appearance, but
_ rather sparingly.

_ This division of the chalk was laid down in a deeper sea than
the lower chalk, and at a considerable distance from land.

It forms a distinct feature in the escarpment, as most of the sheep
down-land is on the middle chalk, which is thus of importance
agriculturally.

The middle chalk in our district is thinner than the lower, being
only about 120ft. thick. Being thinner and the dip being the same
; is outcrop is much narrower than that of the lower chalk, and thus
it covers a much less area on the north and west. This bed is
marked 4b in the diagram.

The Chalk Rock.

_ The divisional bed between the middle and the upper chalk is
known as the chalk rock. No good example of this bed is to be
‘seen in the cuttings, though a smooth hard cream-coloured bed
rather like part of it may be seen in the cutting south of the bridge
by Ogbourne Maizey.

” The chalk rock consists of five or six distinct beds of hard cream-
coloured limestone, each of which has a layer of hard green-coated
nodules at the top; each layer forming a marked plane of separation:

100 The Geology of the Railway Line from

glauconite grains occur in it, and the thickness is about 8ft. Where
fossils occur in the ehalk rock they are very interesting, for the
assemblage recalls that of the chalk marl, some of the species being
very similar, and gasteropods common ; hence it is supposed the sea
became shallower at this epoch.

That this bed must have been cut through in making the line
near Ogbourne Maizey is evident, because the line for some little
distance south of the cutting by Ogbourne Maizey Bridge is ballasted
with it.

The chalk rock may be seen in many pits on the high ground and
the marked features of the country such as those on which
Liddington and Barbury Castle stand, are due to this very hard
bed, which has withstood denudation better than the softer chalk.

The Upper Chatk.

The upper chalk, next above the chalk rock, comes on in the first
deep cutting after leaving Ogbourne Station.

We find that flints are very numerous in the upper chalk, and
the layers often occur close together. These flints are so plentiful
that they cover the ground, thus making a different soil to that of
the lower and middle ehalk.

West of Marlborough the upper chalk is very much cut up by
valleys, and does not cover a very great area, but on the east it
occupies more of the ground. On the north it only begins to make
an appearance, and so it thickens gradually to the south, being
about 150ft. in thickness at Marlborough Station well, where, how-
ever, the higher beds are absent.

The Marlborough Water Works well, according to information
supplied to me by Mr. Fairbank, the engineer, is 143ft. 6in. deep,
all in the upper chalk, which is not passed through.

The upper chalk is a most important division of the chalk for
many reasons.

First, it is our great source for water-supply. The lower chalk
is compact and clayey, holding up rather than containing water,
which percolates very slowly through it. But when it contains the
hard gritty beds seen near Chiseldon these would favour percolation,

Chiseldon to Collingbourne. 101

and so when these beds are found the lower chalk might yield a
good deal of water.

But neither this division nor that of the middle chalk can be
compared with the upper chalk for purposes of water supply. The
many layers of flint and the fissures so plentiful in this formation
assist percolation, and the water sinks through the chalk till the
level of saturation is reached. This level rises and falls with the
amount of rainfall.

Agriculturally the upper chalk is very important, forming a good
arable soil, especially when covered by the red clayey flinty soil
known as the clay-with-flints, and only found on the upper chalk
in this district. The carbonated rain water, the carbonic acid
being derived from decaying vegetable matter, percolating through
the flinty chalk, removes the carbonate of lime and leaves the
clayey part of the chalk as a red clay stained by iron.

Thus, from an agricultural point of view, the lower chalk forms
the heavy arable land, the middle chalk the down land, and the
; upper chalk, when bare, the light arable land.

The clay-with-flints and the Tertiary debris often fill pipes
many feet deep. Mr. Codrington, in his paper on the Geology
of the Berks and Hants Extension and Marlborough Railways,
_ describes some pipes 30ft. in depth in the cutting between Savernake |
and Marlborough, near Wernham Farm.

Mixed with the clay-with-flints is to be found a good deal of
mottled clay, the remains of the Tertiary beds.

In the brickyard on the top of Salisbury Hill, near the Marl-
borough Water Works reservoir, are some very good sections of
Doth these clays. The pipes are lined with a thin coating of clay-
‘with flints and filled with a considerable thickness of Tertiary
_ clays, the debris of the Tertiary beds.

It is this clay-with-flints and the existing outliers of the Tertiary
beds, forming a soil so favourable to the growth of trees, to which
Savernake Forest owes its existence. The forest area roughly
marks out the clay area, and though to the west of the forest there
is a considerable clay area bare of trees, this is because they have
been cut down. The forest must once have extended as far

102 Geology of the Railway Line from

as the West Woods, this being the westerly limit of the clay.

From the upper chalk also came the flints whence our forefathers
obtained the weapons so well seen in Mr. Brooke’s splendid collection
in Marlborough.

Marlborough, thus favoured by its geology, was just the place
for an important prehistoric settlement, and of this we have many
evidences.

Here the forest and the down met, there were flints for their
tools, and the river for their water-supply and for fish. Game they
could find in the forest, and the down afforded pasture for their
flocks, and arable land as well.

As I have gone at length into this matter in a paper published
in the Marlborough College Natural History Society’s Report, 1890,
on “The Influence of Geology in forming the Settlement round
Marlborough,” I can only thus briefly touch on it here.

We must now proceed on our journey along the line, and go on
from Marlborough towards Savernake.

After passing Hat Gate the strata which as far as Marlborough
have a steady southerly dip, thus bringing on higher beds in the
chalk, begin to dip very sharply the reverse way, to the north.
Mr. Codrington, in his paper, makes the dip as high as 45°. The
result of this is to reverse the outcrop of the strata, and the chalk-
rock, which we left at Ogbourne passing away under the upper chalk
to the south, is now brought up to the surface and well shown in
the deep cutting beyond Hat Gate, with the high north dip before
referred to.

As this reverse north dip continues we still get lower and lower
beds in the chalk, and very soon reach the lower chalk with the
same hard gritty beds we had observed a little south of Chiseldon
Station, and last of all we come once more on the upper greensand,
which disappeared at the northern end of Chiseldon cutting.

Going on past Savernake, along the Andover line, we cross the
northern end of the Pewsey Vale, and pass over the “ anticlinal,”
or uprise caused by some disturbance which has brought up to the
surface, strata that would never have come up but for this.

That we are passing over this arch or anticlinal is clear, for the

L
. ;

Chiseldon to. Collingbourne. 103

upper greensand which outside Savernake Station can be seen
dipping north, is seen in the cutting just before Grafton is reached
to be dipping steadily and gently south, so that the same series of
strata is repeated from Grafton to Collingbourne, where the upper
chalk again makes its appearance, as was seen between Chiseldon
and Marlborough.

It is interesting to compare the effect on the width of the outcrop
of the strata of the sharp northern dip to the north of Savernake,
with that of the gentle south dip from Grafton to Collingbourne.

It will be seen that the upper, middle, and lower chalk (4a,

. 4b, and 4¢ in the diagram) occupy a very small space north of

Savernake as compared with the wider space occupied by the same
beds between Grafton and Collingbourne. The sharp dip, too,
affects the line of the outcrop which west of Burbage is seen to be
almost straight, while to the east of that place it winds about and.
follows very much the natural contour of the country.

I have now taken you all the way from Chiseldon to Colling-

_ bourne on our geological railway journey, and necessarily at express
_ speed, as I have only sketched the bare outline of the great geological
story that this journey unfolds. But I trust I have not wearied

you, and that thus running along you have been able to read

something of the main geological features of the country through

which this most interesting line passes.
In conclusion a few words may perhaps be said as to the distri-

bution of the chalk in England. From its western outcrop in
_ Antrim, in Ireland, the cretaceous sea, shallow in the west of

England, deepened to the east and south, so that in the Isle of

- Wight the chalk reaches 1700ft., its maximum thickness in England.
_ No well in Marlborough has gone through the upper cretaceous
beds, and we do not know what lies beneath that formation in the
Vale of Pewsey. A boring there would be a most interesting
- experiment geologically, and might yield most important results
from an industrial point of view, as the upheaval there may have
_ brought up the older rocks, with perhaps the coal-bearing strata, to

within no very great distance from the surface, near enough, possibly,

in the event of coal being present, to allow of its being worked,

104

Alotes on Objects from x Savon Anterment
at Masset Aotun.

By the Rev. E. H. Gopparp.

VAARLY the kindness of Mr. N. Story Maskelyne, F.R.S., the
yy present owner of Basset Down, I have been allowed to -
make notes and drawings of a very interesting series of Saxon
remains, found many years ago at that place, and still in his
possession. ‘The house stands, surrounded by gardens and grounds
of great beauty, immediately on the northern slope of the chalk
marl escarpment, about two miles from Wroughton. So close is it
indeed to the hill that both under the former and present owners
large quantities of earth have been moved away from the top and
side of the hill in the cutting of numerous walks and paths, and in
the formation of the present lawns and the platform in front of the
house. It was during one of these operations in the early part of
the century that the remains in question were found. The spot
seems to have been the summit of the hill immediately behind and
to the south of the house, and above what are now the rockwork
terraces. The following is the MS. description accompanying the
relics, in the handwriting of the late Mrs. Story :—

‘“When Mr. Story began lowering the hill at Basset Down in the year 1822,
they found a few feet below the summit a number of human skeletons. Shortly
afterwards, when they came to the point of land they discovered the skeletons of
two young warriors. They had been interred side by side. Hach had a portion
of a shield, a spear, a knife, fibula, and a pair of clasps, beside strings of beads,
some of which are of amber. A coin was also found, but too imperfect to give
the date, and a portion of a spoon. These remains are preserved in this box and
the under jaws of each of the two persons. Probably they were the chiefs, and
the others the common men who had fallen in some battle near this spot, but of
this there are no records. Digging in 1839 further to the west more skeletons
like the first were found.

“28th July, 1840, Dr. Buckland examined these curiosities. He considers
all, especially the clasps, to be Saxon, with the exception of the beads. They are
British or Celtic. But as the necklace of a former age may be worn by persons

os

Au Rip
“5 Wy

IRON OBJECTS FROM SAXON INTERMENT AT BASSET DOWN.
Scale 7 linear

a

,

Notes on Objects from a Saxon Interment at Basset Down. 105

of a later, this does not militate against the warriors having been Saxon. The
large round bead is rock-crystal. The ring is made of bone and has been
varnished. The rest of the beads are amber and glass.”

With regard to this account it is to be remarked that it is
impossible now to say whether the interments were the result of a
battle as here suggested, or whether the spot was a cemetery be-
longing to some neighbouring settlement. There is no doubt,
however, that they were of Saxon date, and therefore are of more
than usual interest to us in Wiltshire—for, though several Saxon.
finds of great interest have been made in Wiltshire, such as the
jewellery found at Roundway Down, of which a portion is exhibited

| on loan in our Museum, and the relics from the cemeteries at
_ Harnham and Kemble which have been described in Archeologia
(vols. xxxv., p. 259 and 475; xxxvii., p. 1), still in comparison
_ with the remains of the Celtic and even of the Roman period, the
remains of the pre-Christian Saxons are scarce in the county, and
_ we have almost nothing of that period in the Museum to balance
_ the magnificent collection of Celtic relics. I have, therefore,
_ thought it worth while to illustrate all the more important articles
_ of this find.
No. 1.—The most perfect of the two iron shield bosses (wmbo).
_ They are circular, 54in. in diameter, the conical spike in the centre
_ being 32in. in height. The four round-headed rivets by which the
boss was attached to the wooden shield still remain. The other
boss is of the same shape, but is not nearly so perfect. The Saxon
shield was commonly circular, of light wood covered with hide.
The iron boss in the centre formed on the inside a cavity for the
hand. (Pagan Sazxondom, p. 20.)
~ No. 2.—A small spear or javelin head of iron, 53in. long. The
socket formed in the characteristic Saxon way by turning over the
edges, leaving an opening on one side. The blade is short and
- almost flat.
No. 3.—Spear-head of iron 103in. long, of which the blade
measures 64in. The socket has remains of the wooden shaft in it
still. The blade is narrow and long with a slight mdge in the
centre on each side.

106 WNotes.on Objects from a Saxon Interment at Basset Down.

No. 4.—An iron knife, the blade 4hin., the tang 2Hin., in length.
The blade is Zin. wide at the handle.

No. 5.—A similar knife measuring 32in. in the blade, and 13in.
in the tang. The point is gone.

No. 6.—EKar-pick of bronze—now bent out of shape—pierced at
the end for suspension to a ring, or chatelaine, with other toilet
articles. This has a Roman look, but similar toilet articles have
been found in Saxon interments at Harnham (Archeologia, xxxv.,
262), and at Fairford, &c.

No. 7.—Spindle whorl of bone, 12in. in diameter, and 4in thick.
This is apparently the “ring” mentioned in the MS. account of
the find printed above. There are no signs of varnish on it.

No. 8.—Part of a spoon of metal plated with tin (?), with the
stepped attachment to the handle, generally found in late Roman
or Romano-British work. A spoon of the same character was
found in a Saxon interment at Kemble (Archwologia, xxxvii.,
p. 2).

No. 9.—One of a pair of bronze hair (?) pins, 44in. in length.
They are formed of a narrow strip of flat bronze with the edges
turned in and hammered into pin shape, the head left flat, and
pierced with an eye for a ring of thick bronze wire. In the other
specimen the eye is broken out and the ring gone.

Nos. 10, 11, and 12.—Pieces of amber of irregular shape, about
din. thick, pierced for beads. The largest has been ground flat on
both surfaces, and the others look more like naturally flat pieces of
amber. Four of these were found.

No. 13.—Amber beads of irregular bean shape. Of these about
twenty-six were found, varying from the size of a horse bean to
that of a very small pea. There were also fragments of one larger
piece of rough unshaped amber pierced as a bead. ALL the amber
is very red, and resembles resin.

No. 14.—A bead of rock crystal, roughly globular in shape,
apparently made from a water-worn pebble. The sides rough, the
ends ground down and polished. Akerman (Pagan Saxondom, p.
10) refers to the frequency with which crystal balls occur in Saxon
interments, and suggests that they were worn as amulets.

ania
Lind if

ae maa | Ty say

Wigh igh Vil gt We

4

OBJECTS FOUND IN SAXON INTERMENTS AT BASSET DOWN.
Scale Full Size.

Whiteman #Bass Prete Tithe London

20.

Saxon Saucer-shaped Fibulz, found at Basset Down. (Full Size.)

Notes on Objects from a Saxon Interment at Basset Down. 107

No. 15.—Two long beads of dark blue glass, the surface some-
what striated.

No. 16.—Three beads of uncoloured glass made in one piece.
There are eleven of these, all now irridescent and resembling
“ Roman pearls.”

No. 17.—Very small round beads of opaque light green glass or
paste. Four were found, two of them joined together.

Dr. Buckland seems to have been mistaken in pronouncing the
beads to be Celtic, as beads of amber as well as glass are commonly
found in Saxon graves (Pagan Saxondom, p. 42).

No. 18.—Bow-shaped fibula of bronze, 1Zin. long, traces of

: gilding on the surface. The hinge and pin gone.

No. 19.—One of a pair of circular saucer-shaped fibule of copper ?
gilt. 2+in. diameter, the rim Hin. deep. A star or pointed
quatrefoil ornament in the centre surrounded by a circle of depressed
dots. In both cases the pin, which was probably of iron, is gone.
No. 20.—One of a pair of similar fibulzw, of copper gilt, 1+ in.
in diameter, the rim in. deep. In the centre set in a raised boss
as a jewel is a small piece of greenish-white glass. (This is missing
in the other fibula.) The ornament around is of concentric in-
_ terrupted lines deeply ridged. The gilding of these fibula is bright
and fresh. The pins are gone.

A plate of nine gilt fibule of this class, found at Fairford, is given
in Pagan Saxondom, of which one has a five-pointed star in the
centre; and in Archeologia, xxxvii., p. 2, is the figure of another
from Kemble very similar in pattern to No. 20.
In addition to the articles figured there is a thin flat piece of iron
‘4hin. long and 4in. broad, with a circular stud or rivet at each end,
_ which somewhat resembles the shield Aand/es found in some Saxon
graves. It seems, however, too small for such a purpose. Also a
_ plain circular ring of iron, 24in. in diameter and Hin. thick ; as well
as some corroded remains of buckles, &c., and a couple of short
ins of bronze. The coin found with the remains is a Roman
third brass piece, but is quite illegible.
No record is preserved of the positions of the various articles in
ese interments, but as a rule the Saxon was buried with his spear
,. XXVII1.—NO, LXXXIL. I

108 The Belfry formerly standing in the Close, Salisbury.

at his right side, the head being found above the shoulder, the
shield laid flat on the body, the sword—if he had one—at his side,
and the knife at his girdle. The two shield bosses in this case
sufficiently prove that these were two graves of men, but on the
other hand the spindle whorl, the ear-pick and the beads are articles
—especially the first-named—commonly found in women’s graves.
One of the lower jaws preserved is, moreover, much slighter and
less square in outline than the other. The fibula might belong to
either men or women. The position of these pairs of brooches seems
to have been either on the breasts, as in the Fairford graves, or just
below the shoulders, as in those at Harnham.

Che AMelfry formerly standing in the Close,
Salisbury, and its Bells,

By Joun Haropine.

the earliest times, stood between the Cathedral and the
north wall of the churchyard, very near the spot where there is
now a solitary and weather-beaten old elm tree, which is shown in
the print of the south-east view of the Belfry given by Hatcher as
a young tree, growing near the doorway.

Visitors to the Cathedral during the dry summers of 1887 and
1893, after passing a few yards into the churchyard on their way
to the north porch, could hardly have failed to notice, in the turf to
the left of the path, traces of the buried foundations of walls and
buttresses, mapped out in broad brown patches of withered grass. —
These marks indicated the site of the old Belfry, and are visible
from time to time after a long continuance of dry summer weather.
_ Itis remarkable that no writer has left us any description of this

ri ancient Bell-tower, or Belfry as it had been called from
&

i r , :
j By John Harding. 109

building ; all that can be known of it, therefore, is furnished by the
old views of the Cathedral in which it appears. One of the best of
these is the large north-east view of the Cathedral published by
Easton in 1759; upon this print the Belfry is a conspicuous object.
Price, in his “‘ Observations upon the Cathedral,” which he published
in 1753, “‘ For the Use and Amusement of GENTLEMEN and other
eurious PERSONS,”’ gives a plan and section of the Belfry drawn to
a small scale, and also an elevation of the lower portion of the edifice,
which was of stone, in order to show his design for covering in
the building when the tower and steeple should be taken down, as
was at that time contemplated and soon after carried into effect—
_ when, however, Price’s scheme was not adopted, but a plainer and
less expensive roof, covered with slate, substituted.

The Belfry was a building of great strength and solidity, admirably
adapted to its purpose of containing a great peal of bells. The
sub-structure was 33ft. square in the clear of the walls, which were
of stone, about 8ft. thick, flanked by three buttresses on each of
_ its four sides, and rising to a height of nearly 80ft. from the ground
to the top of the parapet. On each side were four lancet windows,
and in the centre of the interior an octagonal stone shaft, from
which projected corbels supporting the timbers of the floors. On
the exterior there was a boldly-moulded plinth to the walls and
buttresses, similar to that on the outside of the Cathedral. This
was repeated in the interior and around the central shaft. The
buttresses were divided into four slightly diminishing stages by
_ moulded weatherings and string-courses, the latter being continued
_ along the walls and as a hood mould over the arches of the
windows; the buttresses terminated in gablets at the level of the
parapet.

Above this massive and lofty stone base was a superstructure of
oak, consisting first, of a square tower, each external face being
divided into eight arched compartments with tracery heads and
_ spandrels, four of these divisions were pierced as windows, and the
openings filled with louvres. Above the tower rose an octagonal
turret, divided into stages by horizontal strings and covered with
Tead-work of herring-bone or zig-zag pattern, finished by an

I 2

110) The Belfry formerly standing in the Close, Salisbury.

embattled parapet ; from this level sprang the steeple, which was also
covered with lead of similar design, and terminated with a metal
cross; the weather-cock which appears above the cross in views of
the Belfry having no doubt been a later addition to it.

The entire height of the structure from the grass of the churchyard
to the top of the cross was about 200ft., being some 50ft. higher
than the leaden roof, which in all probability covered the original
tower of the Cathedral.

The door was in the south wall, between the middle and eastern
buttresses. A circular stone staircase, reached by a short passage
from a doorway on the inside of the east wall, was formed in the
thickness of the masonry of the south-east angle, and continued to
the top of the stone structure, where it was covered in by a lead
roof just above the parapet. The ringing-loft was 37{ft. above the
ground-floor, and the bell-chamber 32ft. higher, each storey being
lighted by eight windows, two in each wall.

The Belfry was undoubtedly coeval with the Cathedral, the striking
similarity of the two buildings in general design, and in detail,
being conclusive evidence that they were the work of the same
architect. Being specially designed to receive the bells the Belfry
would certainly be completed and furnished with them when the
Cathedral was consecrated in 1258: they were probably brought
from the Cathedral at Old Sarum, in which, as the Consuetudinary
of St. Osmund clearly shows that a peal existed, for it directs when
the bells are to be rung, and in defining the duties of the Sacristan
includes the care of the bells, for which the Treasurer is enjoined to
provide the funds.

In what follows much use has been made of the extracts
taken many years ago, by the late Mr. Frederick Richard Fisher,!
of Salisbury, from the annual accounts of the Clerks of Works to
the Cathedral, and from other books and documents in the muniment
room, which he was allowed to examine when I for a time assisted
him. These accounts, so far as examined, go back to 1473, and .

1 Mr. Fisher was Clerk of the Works to Salisbury Cathedral, and his father
before him,

By John Harding. 111

contain many items of interest to the archzologist, and historian of
the Cathedral. As an instance it may be mentioned that the
accounts for 1479 and 1480 contain the charges in connection with
the stone vault under the tower, the date.of this work not being
known until it was found in these accounts.

Notwithstanding St. Osmund’s provision for the care of the bells,
it is evident that in course of time they were much neglected, for
Dodsworth relates that as early as 1331 a letter of remonstrance
was addressed by the Chapter to the Treasurer, upon the danger to
which the rich treasures of the Church were exposed, and further :—

“That the bells in the belfry with much art suspended, of great weight and
price, and sweet sounding to the ears, by the fault of your officers are suffered
to decay, and rendered totally useless for ringing.”

There was also a clock in the Belfry at an early date, for there is,
among the Clerk of the Works’ papers a lease or grant for forty
years, bearing date 1386, from the Dean and Chapter to Reginald
Glover and Alice his wife, of

A shop built over the fosse of the Close of the Canons of the Church of
Sarum on the eastern side of the north gate of the Close for the sustentation of
the clock in the belfry of the s*. Close.”’

There is a charge in the account for 1473 of 4s. 2d. to Walter
the Sexton for the care of the clock for one quarter, and the same
salary was paid until 1661. The clock remained in the Beltry until
the latter was taken down in 1790, when it was removed to the
Cathedral tower, where it was kept going until 1884, when it was
superseded by the excellent clock and chimes presented to the
Cathedral by the officers of the 62nd, or Wiltshire Regiment.

There is also mention of a dial on the Belfry, to which the fol-
lowing payments refer.

‘In 1613 :-—

“To Thomas Devorant the smith for making the elevation for the dial
lls. 8d.; to Cobell the painter 15s.; to the joyner for his paynes 1l5s.; to
_ Orpen (carpenter) for three days about the same dial 3s. 6d. ; to Singer for so

many days work 2s. 4d.”

112 The Belfry formerly standing in the Close, Salisbury.

Again, in 1633 is the following :—

“For new oylinge and cullaringe the dyall on the belfree 6s., and for setting
up and taking down the scaffold 8d.”’

From very early times shops and other buildings stood very near
the Belfry, if some were not actually built against it. There is
reference to these in 1473, when “ three shoppis subtus le belfray ”
are mentioned. Also in 1558 the rent of “two Shoppes”’ in the
west part of the Belfry is credited. Some of them were used for
workshops or stores in connection with the Cathedral, while others
were let as shops or dwelling-houses, and one as an inn or “ale-
house,’’ which so continued until 1790, when the whole of these
buildings were taken down with the Belfry. In 1627, by a decree
of the court of quarter sessions, all the alehouses in the Close were
suppressed, with the exception of the one kept by Hugh Maunds,
who was a labourer employed about the work of the Cathedral, and
one of the ringers, so that probably he kept the alehouse under the
belfry. In March, 1757, the Dean and Chapter ordered “ that no
liquors be ‘sold at the Belfry after Michaelmas next.”’

The charges relating to the bells in the Clerk of the Works’
accounts are innumerable, the bells, or the parts belonging to them,
seeming to be always getting out of order. One of the earliest
entries in 1473 is for

“ Blostryng le stokke magn. campan and torning le cloke bell p two dies in la
belfray.”’

In the same year and subsequently the Sacrist, or Sexton, was
paid a shilling per annum for oiling the bells. The following
payments in the accounts for 1480 refer to a new bell :—

“Bt in denar Solut Thome Grey and John Brenté pro carriag nov campan de
Domo eneator usque le belfray iij*.—ilij®.

“ Rope for the new bell 36". 134. iij*.—ix?.

“Timba pro le belstocke.”

The first item proves that a bell-foundry existed in Salisbury at -
least a century before the earliest date hitherto assigned to it, viz.,
1581, when it was carried on by John Wallis, who in that year
cast a new bell for St. Martin’s Church, in Salisbury. The foundry

By John Harding. 113

was in Guilder Lane, anciently called Bell-founder Street, and
appears to have been closed in 1731.

In 1630 the tenor was re-cast, and the following payments are
charged in connection with that important event :—

“To a Carpenter and his man for two days about . . . . taking down
of the Great Bell 4°. 8°.

“ For the rent of the House where the bell was cast this whole year 13". 4”.

“Kingston and his man one day in fitting the great bell to be taken down to
be cast.

“To eight Labourers a day in taking down the Great Bell to be cast 4*. 4°.

“To four other Labourers one day 4°.

“ The Carpenter and his two men two and a half days about the same 5*. 10°.

“To six Labourers to load and unload the bell at his carriage and
and to roll him into the Belfry 10°.

“To eight Labourers more half a day to help in the bell 3°. 47.

“To the Carpenter and his man four days in helping and new hanging the

- Great Bell 9°. 4°.

“To a Labourer the like 3°. 4°.

“ Grease for the Bell 4°.

“Ringer to try the Bell 1*.

“A clamp for the Bell 1°.

“ Nails 6°.

“Wor carrying and . . . . the Bell 17°.

“A sole for the Great Bell 4°. 10°.

“Nails and wedges 1°. 24.

‘For a Rope for the Bell-founder to uncast his bell 12°. 23.

“ For mending the Great Bell clapper 13°. 4°.

“Two Labourers one day for carrying the planks, trestles, and other things
from the Bell-house 1*. 4%.

“To the Bell-founder towards his charges in travelling 5°. 4°.

“To Kingston and his men three days in new hanging the Great Bell

Me
‘.

Besides the “ Clock Bell” the “ Morning Bell” is mentioned in
_ 1531, St. Osmund’s bell, and “ the Bell for the fyrst Masse” in 1559,
and “the tylling Bell” in 1563. The bell which was cast in 1480,
a few years after the canonization of St. Osmund, might have been
the one which was called by his name.

It is uncertain what number of bells constituted the ancient peal.
_ Probably there were twelve, for the tenth bell is referred to in 1531,
and as it is not called the ‘‘ Great Bell,” as is usually the case in the
accounts when speaking of the tenor, it is hkely that there would
be two below it. However this may have been, the peal was

114 The Belfry formerly standing in the Close, Salisbury. —

reduced to an octave in 1661, the tone of the tenor being B natural ;
this was the case until the breaking up of the peal in 1790.

During the troublous times of the Civil Wars and Commonwealth
the Belfry and bells suffered much damage from neglect, as well as
from wanton mischief. Upon one occasion the building was
garrisoned by a party of Ludlow’s men, who, being besieged by the
Royalists, were forced to capitulate, the latter having rendered the
place untenable by burning down the door.

Soon after the Restoration, viz., in 1661, William Purdue, who
then carried on the Salisbury foundry, was employed to re-cast
some of the larger bells. At the same time the Clerk of the Works
gives credit for having received £362 for bell-metal, which was
probably that of the smaller bells, which were then broken up.
One of the bells cast at this time by William Purdue was the sixth
in the peal, and was removed to the tower of the Cathedral when
the Belfry was taken down, being the same upon which the clock
strikes, and is tolled daily for divine service. It bears the following
inscription :—“ Imprnsis Eccursi® Witi1aAmM Pvrpve Fysa Anno
Reeis Caront Q?xut A Dni 1661.”

The following entries occur in the account for 1668 :—

“Casting 59 lbs. of brasses for ye Great Bell at 4‘. per lb. £1 ,, 09 ,, 06.
‘Albs. of new brasses 0 ,, 048 ,, 04%.”

In the year 1671 Bishop Seth Ward held a visitation of the
Cathedral, when the Dean and Chapter, in answering the articles
relating to the Belfry and bells, say :—

“The Belfry and tower want repair. “The Timber to the Piremid of the
Belfry is defective.” “The Belfry wants lead to the quantity of three or four
tons.” “The south side of the Belfry being closed up windows prevents the
bells’ sound from being heard.” ‘The seventh and eighth bells are broken and
useless till they be re-cast.”

We have seen that the eighth bell was re-cast so recently as in
1630, yet now in 1671 the process is again necessary.

The peal remained in this mutilated condition for nine years
longer, but on August 16th, 1680, a contract was entered into
“between the Dean and Chapter and Clement Tosier of the City
of New Sarum, bell-founder, and Elizabeth Fleury, of the said city,

widow,” the founders agreeing “to re-cast the seventh and eighth
bells,” and to find the new metal necessary, which metal was to be
composed “of eight parts of the best copper and two parts of the
shortest tin”; to be paid twenty shillings per hundred-weight for
the casting, and £6 for every hundred-weight of the extra weight
of the bells.

In connection with this contract are the following payments :—

By John Harding. 115

“ August 19th, 1680. Charge in taking down and weighing the two Great
Bells and Drinke 12/6

“Sept. 4th. Carrying the Bells up to the Foundry 10/-

* Charge for Meate and Drinke at the casting the Bells £1 ,, 12 ,, 0.

“ For bringing them downe into ye Close 10/-

“Charge in waying them and putting them up into the tower . . . .and
Beer 12/6.”

No payments are charged for ringing in the Clerk of the Works’
accounts before the time of Queen Elizabeth. One of the earliest
was in 1613, when the bells were rung for the King (James I.) and
Queen upon the occasion of one of their visits to Salisbury ; after
that time the bells were rung in celebration of all events of current
national or local interest. Salisbury was much honoured by royal
visitors during the seventeenth century, and there was a vast amount
of bell-ringing to celebrate their coming and going and movements
while staying in the Close. In 1665 King Charles having expressed
a desire “to hear the Bells,” the ringers were paid ten shillings by
the Dean and Chapter to gratify His Majesty’s wish.

On July 26th, 1671, the bells were pealed when the same monarch
“van through the City”; also in 1684, when the Duke of York
was in the town. On February 6th, 1685, they were rung “ for
_ the hopes of the King’s [Charles IT.] recovery,” and on the 9th—
_ three days after—“ for the proclaiming of King James II.” Again,
_ a few months later, there is ringing “for the taking of Argyle in
Scotland,” also ‘for the routing of Monmouth in the West, and
soon after “for the taking of Monmouth at Ringwood.” In the
same spirit of loyal recognition of “the powers that be” the bells
were rung in October, 1688, ‘“‘ when King James came to the Town,”
and again, on December 4th, the ringers were paid for “ ringing up
the Prince of Orange come to Town.” The Bishop was always

ae aoe

116 = The Belfry formerly standing in the Close, Salisbury.

greeted by the bells upon his appointment to the see, or arrival at
the palace, and also at his visitations. In May, 1634, the ringers
were paid 13s. 4d. for “ringing for the Visitation of the Lord
Archbishop [Laud] His Grace” ; and on July 24th, 1686, another
Archbishop’s visitation is ‘‘rung,” at a cost of 56s. Ten shillings
a year was paid for “ringing the curfew,” the first entry being in
1616 and the last in 1642.

Harly in the eighteenth century the idlers who were attracted to
the annual fair which was held in the Close at Whitsuntide, were
allowed, upon payment of a fee to the sexton, to roam over the
Belfry, and to tamper with the bells; in the same way they were
permitted to wander about the roofs and gutters of the Cathedral,
and to ascend to the eight doors, when the more venturesome of
them would climb the ladders on the inside of the spire, and at the
risk of their lives get out through the opening of the weather-door,
and clamber up to the top, for Price states that as many as eight or
ten persons at a time have been seen clustering about the capstone.
It is a notable fact that not one of these foolhardy adventurers has
ever missed his hold at that giddy height. The Dean and Chapter
at length put a stop to these insane practices, and in the case of the
Belfry they ordered :—

“ That no Persons should be allowed to jumble the Bells during the Whitsuntide
Holidays.”

But it would ‘seem that ‘the order came too late, for in 1746 it is

stated “that . . . . of the Bells are cracked and the rest out
of tune,” so that the ringing was imperfect, and it was accordingly
ordered on October 10th that :—

“ After the fifth Day of November next, no peals shal] be rung on any occasion
whatever, until the cracked Bells can be re-cast, and the rest properly tuned.”’

The sound of the bells in such a woful condition would be both
ludicrous and uritating to all who were within hearing of it, par-
ticularly to those who resided near the Belfry, and the order of the _
Chapter must have given general satisfaction.

The bells were never re-cast nor tuned, but in 1762 an application
was made to Bishop Thomas for a faculty to sell six of them, which ©

ae

By John Harding. 117

was not granted by him. The Clerk of the Works, nothwith-
standing, was afterwards instructed to make an estimate of the
weight and value of the whole of them, of which the following is a
copy :—
“1766. April. Dimensions of the bells taken by Edmund Lush [Clerk of

the Works] and Robert Wells, founder in Albourne, in order to come to the
weight :—

’ Cwt. qrs. Ibs. Cwt. qrs. lbs.
x up x 1st bell 7 ” 1 ” 0 7 ” 1 ” 0
2nd — dhroidor vast O
3rd — DS sae deo
xX up X 4th — LG) Owns O Tove y0 102720
| 5th — 20 wiaeOhig iO
5 xX up X 6th — BAS wrnB aon Adin sym nin 0
7 7th — BU 41, 020020
a. Bes Bing 1D so
Ya ees | 0) AG ss) asl ottys O

”

. per lb. and is the most he will give
for them in place if taken in exchange, and 9d. per lb. for the whole if no new
Bells are cast.”

“Mr. Robt. Wells values the Bells at 10d

From this report it will be seen that only three of the bells were
in the bell-chamber, viz., the Ist, 4th, and 6th, all the others, being
eracked, had been lowered to the ground-floor.

Another application to the Bishop (Hume) “for permission to
sell the useless bells,” the profits therefrom
arising

ha dard

was made in 1777,

“To be appropriated to the rapa improvement or future ‘improvement in
repairs of the Church.” '

Bishop Hume was at that time engaged in removing the seats
and fittings from the nave of the Cathedral, in undoing Sir
Jhristopher Wren’s work in the choir, and forming closets, or'rather
boxes, with galleries over, at the back of the stalls, approached by
staircases in the choir aisles. The petition of the Chapter which
gave promise of additional funds to be used “ for the improvements
of the Church” “met with a favourable reception from the Bishop,
and the faculty was granted. After this no time was lost in dis-
osing of the five bells which were on the Belfry floor, where they
lain awaiting their fate for eleven or twelve years.

118 The Belfry formerly standing in the Close, Salisbury.

There still remained the three bells which were left hanging in
the bell-chamber; of these the first and fourth were afterwards
sold for £105, and the sixth removed to the Cathedral tower, as
before stated.

During and subsequent to the troubles of the seventeenth century,
or for a period of over one hundred years, no repairs of any im-
portance appear to have been done to the Belfry, the upper part of
which, being of wood, gradually got into a bad state, so that at
length, in November, 1758, the Chapter,

“Taking into consideration the state and condition of the Belfry and Library
belonging to the Cathedral Church, and being informed by able and experienced
workmen upon careful survey by them taken that they areina . . . ruinous
condition. And the form and construction of the Spire and Tower of the Belfry
being such that they are neither useful nor ornamental, inasmuch that it would
be to no purpose to repair the same in its present form especially as it could not
be done without a much greater expense than the present state of the Fabrick
fund will admit of. It was therefore unanimously agreed, resolved and ordered
(the consent of the absent members having been hereto previously obtained) :—

“Ist. That the said Tower and Spire be forthwith taken down, and that the
Master of the Fabrick do give orders to the Clerk of the Works accordingly.

“2ndly. That the Master of the Fabrick be desired to consider and take
advice about a Plan for finishing and completing the Belfry in a neat and proper
manner, when the Spire and Tower thereof shall be taken down.

“Mr. Lush the Clerk of the Works was accordingly instructed to prepare
plans of the Belfry, and lay the same before the Chapter.”

However, the resolution of November, 1758, was not carried
into effect until ten years after, for in 1769 Mr. Lush was

“ Admonished to proceed in the work begun at the Belfry with all possible
expedition, he having greatly neglected the same.

The steeple and octagonal tower were soon after taken down, and
the square tower under them covered in with a slated roof of low
pitch. The parts taken away were those which lent grace and
lightness to the structure, and now being removed and the bells
gone, the building came to be regarded as useless, and as an ob-
struction to a view of the Cathedral from the north, so that its
entire demolition twenty years later was looked upon with in-
difference and even approval.

In 1787 orders were given for an estimate to be made of the

SS
By John Harding. 119

materials of the Belfry, with a view to its being taken down, of
which the following is a copy :—

“Valuation of Belfry as it now is standing in the Cathedral Churchyard at
Sarum, November, 1787 :—

Stonework 550 0 O
Led 122 0 O
Slate and boarding 5415 0
Timber 107 16 0
Tron work 313 0
Dwelling house 8 0 0

846 4 0

“ By us Ep? LusH
Movutton & ATKINSON
Ep? Lvs, Jun'.”

In March, 1790, as before stated, the clock and bell were re-
moved to the Cathedral, the Belfry taken down and the materials
ordered to be advertised and sold. In pursuance of this order the
following advertisement appeared in the Salisbury and Winchester
Journal of March 15th, 1790 :—

‘ SALISBURY.

“To Builders, or Persons engaged in Building. To beSold, in any quantity,
and upon reasonable terms, the materials of a very large Building; consisting

chiefly of Stone Ashler, Rubble Walling, Oak Timber, Lead, Iron, Slates, Tiling,
and various articles of inside finishing, the particulars of which may be known
by applying to Mr. Matthews, Clerk of the Works carrying on at the Cathedral
at this place.”

q

At that time the lamentable works which were done under James
Wyatt at the Cathedral were in progress, and there can be little
doubt that the Belfry was demolished with the object of supplying,
from the sale of the materials, substantial aid to the fund raised
for the purpose of carrying out those works.

; It has been pointed out to me by Mr. A. R. Malden (Chapter
Clerk) that the Belfry was built square with the Cathedral, opposite
the middle of the nave, so that an imaginary line drawn at a right
angle across the nave, through the centre of its length, and extended
northward would pass through the centre of the Belfry. The
rchitect probably chose this position for the Belfry in order that, in

120 Notes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough.

the view of the Cathedral from the north, its lofty tower and
steeple might break up the long line of the roof and upper part
of the nave.

Mr. Malden has also observed that the external dimensions on
plan, of the Cathedral tower and of the Belfry, are nearly, if not
quite, identical, and that the length of the nave of the Cathedral is
about the distance between the two buildings.

It would be interesting to verify these measurements upon the
occurrence of another tropical summer, when the exact position and
lines of the old building might be again revealed.

Motes on Churches in the Aeighnaruod of
Atlarlbovongh.

By C. E. Pontine, F.S.A.

[Read during the Marlborough Meeting, 1894.]

; "ares been asked, as in former years, to describe some of
qe ‘ the buildings visited on the excursions, and I am glad
that, as regards Ramsbury, Aldbourne, and Littlecot, I shall be
relieved by Mr. Doran Webb, who is more familiar with their
history.

I would say at the commencement that I do not propose to give
an exhaustive description of the Churches (which would take more
time than we could spare), but merely to point out some of the
more interesting evidences of the history of the buildings which are
afforded by the structures themselves.

There are three points of similarity in the six Parish Churches ©
and two desecrated Chapels of which I have taken notes for this

meeting.

By C. E. Ponting, F.S8.A. 121

Ist. As might have been expected from the geological conditions
of the locality, they are all built to a large extent of flint.

2nd. In five out of the six Churches the nave is older than the
chancel.

3rd. Where there are aisles the nave arcades are Norman work
and the oldest parts of the structure.

The two latter points seem to throw a doubt on the very
generally prevailing idea as to the order in which the Churches
were originally built. It is difficult to suppose that in all these
eases there were pre-Norman chancels against which the naves were
built, and if not, then the order would seem to be—first the arcades,
then the ends of the nave, after which followed the outer walls of
the aisles, and last of all the chancel (excepting, of course, divergences
to be mentioned later on), and Mildenhall Church is a valuable
instance of the slow growth of these structures.

MILDENHALL. Sr. JOHN THE Baprisr.

The plan of this Church consists of a clerestoried, nave with aisles
_ of three bays, south porch, chancel, and. western’ tower.
_ On entering the Church we are met by the somewhat alarming
inscriptions on the wooden shields affixed to the roof-trusses, in-
forming us that :—

“This Church, deeply in decay, has been all but re-builded generously and
piously at their own expense in 1816”

by twelve persons whose names are given. But on closer scrutiny
it will be seen that fortunately the term “all but re-builded ” is a
slight exaggeration, for the only structural work then done was the
alteration of the middle window of the south clerestory, and the
fabric of this most interesting Church remains intact.

The earliest work is the south arcade of three bays of semicircular
arches of two orders with square edges and moulded labels, supported
by cylindrical columns with carved capitals having square abaci
‘notched at the angles to follow the section of the arches. The
capitals vary in the design of their ornaments, and are in good
preservation. It will be noticed that the one facing the south
entrance has heads at two of its angles with hands stretched out

122 Notes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough.

between, and holding a conventional leaf. The bases are circular
on square plinth with “tongues” at the angles. This arcade may
be put down at about 1160. The north arcade is evidently a little
later, say 1170—1190 ; the arches are of the same form and section,
but the labels are more richly moulded and the capitals are circular
and moulded only; the base mouldings, too, are of a later type.
There are later openings through the eastern responds, the one on
the south has a bit of early moulding as an abacus.

The chancel arch is still later in feeling, say about 1200. It is
pointed, and has two orders of chamfers, supported on early-looking
corbels—that on the north having a head—and the abacus of early
section is continued round the chamfers.

The arch into the tower appears to be coeval with the chancel
arch. It is an acutely-pointed one of one square order, having an
impost moulding at the springing: the jambs have small chamfers
on the east angles with stops of Early English type. The lower
two stages of the tower up to the string under the belfry window
were built at the same time, and the flat buttress carried round the
south-west angle is the original one of this date. The north and
south windows of the middle chamber (the top stage of the early
tower) are very remarkable. They are each of two lights with
square heads and pilaster-like mullions having rudely-moulded caps
and bases which recall Saxon work in form but not in detail—these
are a curious survival of an older type. There are traces of a
similar window on the west face at a higher level, but cut short by
the re-building of the upper stage at a later period—this points to
the conclusion that the early tower had a saddle-back roof with
gables east and west, and eaves on the north and south, level with
the window heads. The west door of the tower is in detail dis-
tinctly in advance of the rest of this work, and I conclude that it
was inserted some thirty years later.

After the completion of the nave with its areaded sides and two
ends (one of which was the tower) the aisles were commenced ; the

south aisle (excepting the west window, which is modern, and the

easternmost bay) and the western part of the north aisle with two
early buttresses remain of this work of the first quarter of the

i By C. E. Ponting, FS.A. 123

thirteenth century. The wide lancet window westward of the porch
is constructed partially of chalk, and has its sill only 2ft. 10in.
from the floor, which seems to suggest some other use than that of
giving light. There is a low window in the same position and of
about the same date at Broad Hinton. Were these for use in the
distribution of a dole? There was evidently a thirteenth century
chancel, as its priest’s door is retained in the present one, which was
erected early in the fifteenth century. The chancel has two two-
light pointed windows without labels in each side wall, a three-light
east window with label having square terminals, diagonal buttresses
at the angles, and moulded and chamfered plinth. The latter
feature is carried round the north aisle (except the western part)

‘and the eastern bay of the south aisle, which were re-built at the

‘same time. The aisle walls are on the old foundations, and the

leaning condition of the part of the south aisle not then rebuilt

‘seems to supply a reason for the reconstruction.

_ The fifteenth century bay of the south aisle has a good three-light
guare-headed window and a diagonal buttress at the angle. The

jorth aisle has two-light pointed windows, identical with those of

the chancel in the north wall, and a similar one in the west end.

“There is also a stone cornice which probably once had a parapet—

the cornice is carried round over the old piece of wall left at the west

nd, and a diagonal buttress was added to this part like the one at
the north-east angle.

On the outside of the east wall of the north aisle is what I take
to be a dedication cross of the Transitional-Norman Church : it is
ut in low relief on a stone of coarser grain than the Perpendicular

wk in which it is now fixed, moreover part of the lower arm of

y cross has been cut away to make the bed-joint coming on the

linth.

Soon after the middle of the fifteenth century an upper stage was

| § dded to the tower, from the stage over the early windows upwards.

| This is faced with wrought stone ashlar, whereas the older work is
|of rubble. This stage has a two-light window in each face and an
| embattled parapet without pinnacles. At the same time some re-
modelling of the early part of the tower took place, including the
OL. XXVIUI.—NO. LXXXII. K

124 Notes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough.

addition of the diagonal buttress at the north-west angle, and the
continuation of its base along the west side (on the north side the
connection of the late with the early work is clearly traceable, and
the stonework of the two periods above the string-course is not flush) ;
also the insertion of a string-course in the west face, dividing the
early work into two stages.

At the time when the tower was raised the clerestory was added
to the nave, and the present low-pitched roof put on. The clerestory
had two single-light windows with square heads and labels on the
north side and three on the south, but the middle one here has
given way to a hideous bit of modern Gothic in cast iron!

The roof has been embellished by early seventeenth century
additions, but it is not difficult to distinguish between the Per-
pendicular and the Jacobean work; the former consists of three
main and two wall-trusses of king-post type having curious
pendants under the king-posts, which latter are themselves wider
than the tie-beams and corbelled out at the sides; the wall plate is
moulded and has a sunk arcading above it which is returned on the
end tie-beams. The purlins have carved pendants on each side of
the tie-beam; the stone corbels are moulded. The re-modelling
consisted of a flat ceiling at the purlin level, and carried down the
rafters below this, the spaces between the main timbers being treated
as panels with leaves of plaster in the angles. The tie-beams were
surmounted by a sort of cap (? of plaster or wood), shaped like the
early corbels of the chancel arch, and painted to match the timbers.

The chancel doubtless also has its fifteenth century roof, as the
cornice is visible, but the rest is concealed by a Jacobean ceiling
with ribs and enrichments modelled in plaster.

The east bay of the south aisle, which was re-built in the fifteenth
century, was probably then founded as a chapel ; two corbels exist,
one carved to represent the head of a bishop, and the other that of
a king.

There are bits of fifteenth century glass in the two north and one
of the south windows of the chancel, also in the east window, in-
cluding two almost complete figures, one of which is an archbishop
with cross and bears the word Augustinus,

By C. E. Ponting, FSA. 125

Two rude sundials are cut on the south face of the old tower
buttress.

The work referred to on the shields as having been done in 1816
appears to have been the entire re-fitting of the Church with oak.
This work, although of the Batty Langley type of Gothic, is most
admirable in workmanship and very elaborate and costly—it was
no doubt this fact which led the twelve good men who paid for it, to
believe (and to try to induce posterity to believe also) that they had
“all but” re-built the Church. These fittings consist of a rich
altar-piece with panels for the Decalogue, the Lord’s Prayer, and
the Creed, wall panelling to the chancel, a pew on each side of the
chancel, pews in nave and aisles, a western gallery with concave
front and two staircases, a pulpit on the north side with the word
“Peace” in a panel on the back, an Agnus Dei and a cross on the
front and sounding-board with 1.H.8. ; a reading-desk on the south
to match the pulpit, but with the word “ Grace” on the back, the
emblems spear, sponge, and four nails on the front, and 1.N.R.1. on
the sounding-board ; six curious little forms with backs for placing .
in the passages; and a stone font in the centre of the western part,
of the central passage—the pews being formed to admit of a passage
round it. The whole thing, although inconvenient, is so good in

its way that a natural reluctance is felt to interfere with it.

The untouched condition of the fabric makes this Church an
unusually interesting study, and affords a valuable opportunity of
preserving its history by judicious restoration.

Tue Cuapet or S. Martin. Cuitspury.!

The camp within which we are assembled is an earthwork of,
doubtless, British origin, subsequently increased in strength, as a
section cut through the fosse by Sir R. C. Hoare revealed the turf
covering of a former embankment some 15ft. below the present
surface. The camp contains an area of fifteen acres, and has a
double entrenchment.

1T am indebted to Mr. Shekleton Balfour and Mr. H. L. Anderson for the
kind loan of measured drawings of the Chapel, made by them at my suggestion
_ since the visit of the Society, and reproduced in the accompanying plates.

ere

126 Notes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough.

It is remarkable that this Chapel is built across the line of the
inner vallum of the camp, and by what looks like one of its gate-
ways.

The Chapel was formerly within the parish of Great Bedwyn,
and Mr. Ward, in his paper written on the occasion of a former
visit of the Society refers to it as a Chapel-of-Hase to the mother
Church. Mr. Mackenzie Walcott, in his “‘ Inventories of Chantries,”’
refers to it as Free Chapel in the parish of Little Bedwyn and as
belonging to the Abbey of S. Denis in Hampshire (near South-
ampton).

The building is a simple parallelogram, the walls constructed of
the local material—flint—with Bath freestone for the worked parts,
and without buttresses. It was probably erected during the last
quarter of the thirteenth century, when the more severe Karly
English style had fairly yielded to the inroad of the Decorated.
The east window is of two lights, with an early form of geometrical
tracery—the arches of the lights and the pierced circle over having
originally (apparently) had no cusps. There are somewhat similar
windows in the north and south sides of the sanctuary, with some im-
portant differences, ¢.g., the east window has wider (unusually wide)
inside splays, and whilst in the north and south windows the jambs
are plain and the inner arches are carried on shafts about 1}in. in
diameter, supported by corbel heads, those of the east window were
supported by detached angle shafts (which were probably of Purbeck
marble, but are now missing, although the caps and bases remain),
set in a hollow formed in the jambs—the hollow being flanked on
each side by a roll moulding; the east window has also an inner
roll moulding at the junction of the splay with the window proper,
dying out on to a splay provided to receive it on the sill, whilst
these features are absent from the side windows. The outside label
of the east window is richer than the others. The carving of the
caps is freer and less conventional than the usual Early English
type, such as is seen at Salisbury. All three windows have labels
over and the mouldings of both arches and label assume and die
out on to a cylindrical section above the caps. A string-course is
carried across the east end below the window. The north, south,

E

THE -SULLIONS “OF “ThE WINDOWS * SHEWIN-BY THE

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INK-PHOTO. SPRAGUE &C* LONDON

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By C. E. Ponting, FSA. 127

and west walls of the nave portion each have a single-light window
with trefoil head, and moulded arches and labels. There are also
north and south doors opposite each other.

Following the usual Chapel plan the building has no structural
division between sanctuary and nave, but the respective dignity
attaching to these parts is very clearly distinguished in the treatment
of the windows—for, whilst the sanctuary windows are of two lights
and traceried, those of the nave are a late form of lancet ; and the
mouldings of the arches and labels of the latter are of a distinctly
plainer type, and there were no corbels to the arches. The sanctu-
ary was separated from the nave by a wooden screen, and the exact
position and dimensions of this can be clearly traced on the walls,
the inside faces of which were covered with a thin coat of plaster—
probably to receive decoration—after the screen was fixed, and this
plaster remains to a large extent intact; it is from it that we
are able to trace the former existence of many interesting features
now removed, the places of which are occupied by brick filling ;
these are :—(1) on the south of the sacrarium, where a corbel-head
remains, a piscina has probably been destroyed; (2) on each side
of.the east window a large patch seems to indicate the former
existence of a corbel, and about 2ft. above the last a small corbel
existed on each side; (3) there are small holes in north and south
walls of the sanctuary, almost level with these; (4) the holes where
the ends of the top beam of the screen entered; (5) marks of roof
or other corbels in the north and south walls throughout. in
connection with these marks I may mention small holes, now
stopped with plaster (which must have been done prior to the
desecration of the Chapel), in the stonework at the springing level
of all the windows and doors, the object of which it is difficult to
conceive.

The structure of the Chapel does not seem to have received any
medigeval re-modelling excepting, perhaps, the interesting en-
richment of the circular piercing of the two-light windows by the
insertion of cusping in a groove 2in. wide and 3in. deep—the
grooves still remain, but the cusping has been removed. It is not
improbable, however, that this was part of the original work, as at

sis 2s

128 Notes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough.

Raunds Church, as described by Rickman (“ Attempt,” &c., p. 230.)
The north doorway has an outer roll label like the side windows,
but the outside of the south door has been altered.

It is interesting to note that the exterior face of the walls was
covered with plaster like the inside, and that the put-log holes for
the scaffolding are clearly traceable.

The interior has never been whitewashed like the Churches which
have been retained in use, and on the plaster can be traced curious
little inscribed circles irregularly placed.

The whole work is refined and beautiful in the extreme, carried
out thoroughly well and with the minutest attention to details.

This, in its present desecrated condition, is a very saddening in-
stance of fallen grandeur, and it is much to be hoped that the
Chapel may again be restored to the use to which it was originally
dedicated. The walls are sound and the present seventeenth or
eighteenth century roof with wind-braces could be well made to
serve its purpose, so that on the score of cost the matter would not

seem to be hopeless.

Know.E CHAPEL.

This Chapel stands in the ancient parish of Great Bedwyn and
was probably attached to that Church. It has been referred to in
the Wilts Arch. Mag., by both the Rev. John Ward (vol. vi., p.
270), and by Canon Jackson (vol. x., 259), neither of whom is able
to say more than that there was a Chapel here of which thereisno
known record, but “ parts of the building remain.”’

We seem to have here the framework of the entire building of a
Chapel erected towards the end of the thirteenth century. It is a
simple parallelogram, measuring 24ft. 9in. long by 17ft. wide on the
outside (19ft. 6in. by 11ft. Yin. inside), without any structural
subdivision of plan, and the sanctuary was probably marked off by
a screen as at Chisbury. The walls are constructed of flint imter-
spersed with sarsens, the quoins of the east wall and parts of the
south-west quoin are formed of roughly-cut sarsens—a very unusual
feature in medieval work in this part of the county, although the

By C. E. Ponting, F.S.A. 129

scarcity of a more easily-worked stone would seem to have rendered
such a plan economical and sometimes necessary. The remaining
quoin stones and the windows are of Bath oolite. The east
window has lost its mullions and tracery, but the label remains on
the outside and the arch and jamb inside—the splay with a cavetto
on the inner edge being carried round both. The window is 5ft.
wide between the jambs, and was probably of three narrow lights.

In the east half of the north wall is a single-light early Decorated
window with ogee head, and there are parts of a corresponding
window on the south, where the modern doorway is. The position
of the original doorway is not quite clear, but it was probably at
the west end, where some re-building of the wall appears to have
taken place.

On each side of the site of the altar is a small and rudely-formed
aumbry, one having been filled with brick.

Part of the thin inside surface plaster remains, as at Chisbury.
No trace of the old roof remains. Some of the stones on the west
and north show signs of fire. Was this Chapel re-built after being
burnt ?

Aut Saints. FRoxFreup.

This little Church consists of nave and chancel (with vestry on
the north, south porch, and a turret over the western bay of the
roof, all modern). It is built of fiint with freestone dressings, and,
although the east end of the chancel has an earlier appearance at
first sight, 1 consider that the structure is practically of one period
—the end of the twelith century, since which time the outer walls
have been little altered. A feature which more than anything else
indicates this early period for the whole of the walls is that the
quoins only had plinths on the outside—this feature has recently
been (doubtless for some good reason) extended to the whole of the
chancel walls, but I have notes made on 26th August, 1885, when
the chancel, as well as the nave, had xo plinths excepting to the
quoins. The flint-work has a herring-bone tendency in some parts _
of the west and north walls, but this does not indicate an earlier

130 Notes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough.

date than I have named: it is found, e.g., more fully developed, in
much later work at Great Cheverell.

It will be observed that the walls are entirely without buttresses
and that the plan is curiously irregular—the north wall of the nave
being considerably longer than the south, and the west wall not
being at right angles with either (the rectification of this at the
east end probably accounts for the set off in the wall there), whilst
the inclination of the chancel towards the north is unusually marked.

The east wall of the chancel has the unusual arrangement of two
single-light windows with a blank wall, about 5ft wide, between
them. These windows have semicircular heads, but the inside
arches are very slightly pointed, and indicate a Transitional
tendency. The two single-light windows in the south wall and
one in the north, on the other hand, are slightly pointed, both
inside and outside. Both east end and side windows have the
early feature of wide inside splays carried round the arches—the
arches of the side windows (only) are slightly depressed by keeping
the centres from which they are struck at a point below the springing
level. There are traces of coeval colour decorations of the masonry
pattern on one of these windows.

A thirteenth century window exists in the north wall of the nave
near the east end, but the outer part of this has undergone some
seventeenth or eighteenth century modernising; nearly opposite
this a two-light window of fourteenth century date has been inserted
in the south wall—this has lost the outside label, which it obviously
once possessed. (The new two-light window in the western part
of his wall has been very wisely put higher—so as not to disturb
the older wall.)

The north and south doorways of the nave are probably coeval
with the walls, although the outside of the one in the north wall,
now blocked up, was altered a century later. The three-light
square-headed window in the west end, which retains its old
stanchion and saddle bars, is an insertion of fifteenth century
date. ;

The chancel arch, which spanned the whole width of the chancel,
had been destroyed before the recent restoration of the Church,

By ©. E. Ponting, F.S8.A. 131

when the present one was built, together with the vestry, porch,
the roofs throughout and the turret. The latter takes the place
of a comparatively modern and poor one which previously existed
on the west gable.

The font is a plain circular bowl of the tapered type with roll
moulding on the lower edge, standing on a circular shaft set on a
square base. It is doubtless coeval with the structure.

There are rude sundials cut at the following points :—

One on the south-east quoin of the nave.
One on the jamb of the south window of the nave.
Two on the south-east quoin of the chancel.

OcrournE. S. ANDREW.

Plan, clerestoried nave of two bays, with aisles continued further
westward ; west tower; chancel; south porch.

A peculiarity which strikes one approaching this Church is that
it is placed within 6ft. of the west boundary of the churchyard, and
this circumstance seems to have had great influence in its plan.
The nave originally consisted of three bays of Norman work, but
when a western tower was desired—there not being room to project
it beyond the nave—it was built forward into it, absorbing the
western bay and part of the next. This reduced the nave to its
present length of two bays, the aisles maintaining their original
dimensions. The arcades appear to be almost coeval with one
another, and consist of semicircular arches with broad inner and
shallow outer order (the former on the north side only having a
small chamfer) without labels. The central column on each side is
cylindrical, with square abacus and moulded base ; the capitals of
the two vary, but both are enriched with stiff conventional carving,
and the date may be put at 1130—1150. The eastern respond of
the north arcade has angle shafts, whilst that of the south has the
angles simply rounded off.

The aisles were doubtless erected soon after the arcades, and
practically the whole of the walls of the south aisle and the western
part of the north aisle remain unaltered, including the very

132 Notes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough.

interesting Transitional south doorway, the arch of which is semi-
circular and enriched by Early English mouldings and a dog-tooth
member in the label, the jambs having early-looking angle shafts.
The north doorway (visible only on the outside) was evidently
re-built and the jambs re-worked when the aisle was re-modelled,
and the chevron label does not fit its present position. The string
at the east end of the south aisle probably indicates the original
height of this wall.

The chancel must have been erected soon after the completion of
the nave and aisles, but it marks a distinct advance in the transition
to the Early English, although the flat pilaster-like buttresses (with
splayed plinths) overlapping the angles only, prevent its being
considered as a specimen of that style fully developed. There are
two lancets with inside curtain arches in the north wall and a similar
one with semi circular-headed priest’s door on the south.

Westward of the latter is a coeval window, with square head
outside and a pointed arch inside, where the western jamb is widely
splayed off, and although there is now no trace of the shutter rebate
I have no doubt that this is a specimen of the “ Sanctus” window
(a term I consider as more exactly defining its use than the more usual
terms “leper” or “low-side window ’’) and the wide splay was for
the greater convenience of the attendant at the bell. In the south
wall of the sanctuary is a double piscina cut in the top of a Norman
capital built into a shouldered-arched recess which is evidently
coeval with the wall, and the Early English string-course is stepped
up over it.

There is no work of the Decorated period in the Church with
the exception, perhaps, of the east window, but this was much
renewed at the almost entire re-building of the east end of the
chancel in 1873; if this is a copy of the old one the latter was an
insertion of early in the fourteenth century.

The tower is a good specimen of the work of the second quarter
of the fifteenth century, and the restriction imposed by the limits
of the consecrated ground is distinctly marked in its design. The
tower was built forward into the nave, with arches on three sides
communicating with nave and aisles; buttresses were carried out

By ©. E. Ponting, FSA. 133

into the aisles to resist the thrust of the eastern arch, and in order
to lessen the obstruction thus caused each of these is pierced by a
squint opening, and splayed off at the eastern angle. The arches
are of three orders of mouldings, the outer two carried down the
jambs and the inner one carried on shafts. The lower stage of the
tower is vaulted in stone with good foliated bosses at the inter-
sections. The three-light west window has the outside string
carried over it as a label, and beneath it is a door which must have
been introduced more as a conventional feature, or for ritual uses,
than as a public entrance, as it comes within 6ft. of the boundary
of the churchyard. There is a two-light window, with label, in
each face of the belfry, and a two-light one (without label) in the
south wall of the middle stage. In the east wall of the belfry near
the north-east angle is a small opening, evidently for the sanctus
bell, which probably superseded the earlier sanctus window in the
chancel, and marks of the gudgeon and a guide for the rope are
traceable. There is a good embattled parapet without pinnacles.
The stair turret is square on the outside and is carried to the top ;
it was formerly entered from the south aisle. This on the south
and the diagonal buttress on the north cut into the west walls of
the aisles, and the extent to which the latter were re-built to con-
struct them is clearly traceable.

Following this came the almost entire re-building of the north
aisle, with one two-light and one three-light square-headed window,
and the insertion of two similar three-light windows in the south
aisle. ‘There is no buttress to either, the re-built parts followmg
the older in this respect. At about the same time a clerestory was
added to the nave, with two two-light square-headed windows on’
each side.

The font is of doubtful date, and probably only the middle part
is old, but this has had a new surface given to it. There is a stoup
cut in the inside east jamb of the south doorway. There are traces

of colour decoration on the inside tower buttresses. In the tracery
of the easternmost window of the south aisle is a bit of fifteenth
century glass representing a chalice; in that of the other side
window in this aisle is another piece representing a shield bearing

—

el le i

134 Notes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough.

the emblems of the Passion—the cross enriched by crown of thorns,
the hammer, pincers, and two nails.

The original fifteenth century roofs remain over the nave and
aisles (that of the north aisle having stone corbels), but that of the
chancel is new—together with the chancel arch, seating, pulpit, &c.

On the north wall of the chancel is an interesting monument
bearing bust effigies of William Goddard, of Ogbourne St. Andrew,
Gent., and Elizabeth his wife, contained within a circular panel,
and kneeling figures of their children below—four sons and four
daughters, with a desk between. The children died in the order
in which they were born, and the monument was erected in 1655
by Thomas, the youngest son, who appears to have adopted a some-
what earlier type than that which then prevailed.

Within the fence of the churchyard, although it is supposed not
on consecrated ground, is a round barrow, which was opened in
1885 by Mr. W. Cunnington, F.G.S., when nearly twenty skeletons
were found with feet towards the east—these were presumed to be
medieval interments without coffins, and if so seem to cast a doubt
on the statement that the ground here is not consecrated. Near
the centre was found the body of a man in a straight wooden coffin
of fir, bound with iron clamps—this was supposed to be a Saxon
burial. There were many burnt bones of an adult wrapped in a
woven cloth, a flint knife, a food vessel, a flint arrow-head, and
other implements, and on the floor of the barrow abundant traces
of cremation.

There are four bells, the tenor being a medieval one (probably
fifteenth century), bearing the black-letter inscription Trinitatem
@voremus.' The others are dated 1630, 1661, and 1719 res-
pectively.

OcgpourneE. S. GEORGE.

The plan of this Church consists of nave and aisles of three bays ;
chancel, with the aisles continued one bay in length on each side
as chapels; south porch; and western tower.

1 Tllustrated, Wilts Arch. Maq., vol. ii, p. 68.

——e

ps

By C. E. Ponting, F.S.A. 135

The oldest part is the south arcade of the nave, which may be
put at about the end of the twelfth century. The columns are
cylindrical (the responds being demi-columns), all with circular
abacus and base moulds of advanced section and stiff foliated carving.
The arches are of two orders of chamfers with labels—probably the
Church of this period had no north aisle as there is no trace of early
work on that side. Next in date comes the south doorway, which
formed part of the original Church, but was replaced here when the
aisle was re-built. The mouldings of jamb and label are definitely
Early English.

Coeval with this (circa 1220) was the erection of the chancel, and
the south-east quoin, with its flat buttresses, remains of the early
work of this part. The chancel arch is also probably of this date—
it has plain splayed jambs with a sinking in the splays of the arch
making two orders—no label or impost. Much of this chancel
appears to have been re-built in the fourteenth century, when the
diagonal buttress at the north-east angle and an intermediate one
on the north wall were added, and the tall three-light east window
and the two-light north window inserted (these have had their
tracery renewed, and much of the adjacent walls has again been
re-built in recent times—1873). In the south wall of the chancel
are two sedilia recesses with the seats 3ft. above the present sanctuary
floor, and a small piscina eastwards of them lft. higher (there is
no drain, this part has probably been renewed). From this and

from the height of the window sills I conclude that there was a

considerable raising of the floor at the east end, which is unusual
where, as in this case, the ground outside slopes in the contrary

direction. A fifteenth century priest’s door was inserted in the

south wall between the buttress and the chapel, but the sill of this
seems to fit the present floor-level of that part of the chancel.

The north arcade of the nave is of two periods of work, both of
the fourteenth century. This aisle, when first added (circa 1830)
appears to have been of two bays in length only, with deep eastern
respond, although the south aisle then existing extended the full
length of the nave, but some fifty or sixty years afterwards it was

_ extended one bay westwards, the demi-column on the west respond

136 Notes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough.

and a few inches of the square jamb being retained and a similar
new part added, making this a pier with a flat pilaster between the
two demi-columns. On closer examination it will be seen that,
although the earlier capital was copied in the later part, the bases
are quite different, the latter being early Perpendicular in type.
The columns of both are cylindrical and the moulded capitals follow
the same line. The arches of both parts are of two orders of
chamfers without labels.

When this lengthening took place the north aisle was entirely
re-built, and extended one bay eastwards, forming a chapel with
an archway opening into the chancel, the latter having the angles
of the eastern jamb splayed off on the chancel side at about the
line of sight, for a better view of the high altar, and with the same
object the angle of the nave has been also splayed off—although
modern repair has to a great extent obliterated it. The aisle has
two three-light square-headed windows in the north wall and a
similar one in the east and west, diagonal buttresses at the angles
and intermediate ones dividing the bays. The thirteenth century
north door was here, as on the south, re-set in the re-building.
There is a piscina (with drain destroyed) in the east jamb of the
arch between chapel and chancel, and over it a squint, with wooden
lintels; a corbel for a figure exists in the east jamb and another
lower down on the north side of the altar. Canon Jackson! (quoting
from the Valor Eccles.) refers to this chapel as existing here in 1534,
William Elliott, cantarist, value 66s. 8d., and as dedicated to the
Holy Trinity. He also states that there was also here an image of
the Trinity.

When Mr. Kite visited the Church prior to 1860 the brass now
at the east end of the nave lay in the pavement of this chapel,” to
which it should be restored. It bears the inscription :-—

“OE po’ charite pray for the soules of Thomas Goddard
and Sohan his wife Which thoms dyed the rb Dap of
August a mbybtj o who’ soul thu habe mei”;

1 Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. x., p. 299.
? Wilts Brasses, p. 47.

By C. E. Ponting, F.S.A. 137

and the effigies of the man and wife. Below are two matrices
which contained those of a son and daughter, but both are now lost.
Mr. Kite refers to the will, dated 10th April, 1536 (nineteen years
after the date of the brass), of a Thomas Goddard, in which the
testator desires to be buried in the Parish Church of Ogbourne 8.
George, “within the chapel of the Holy Trinity before the image
of the Trinity.” This is probably the son of the persons commemo-
rated, but it furnishes additional reason for restoring the brass to
its former position.

The rebuilding and extension of the north aisle appears to
have led to a similar work on the south, where a chapel with
arch identical with that on the north opens from the chancel but
without piscina and other evidences of an altar. The screen-work
in these arches is coeval with the chapels, but it has been made up
anew. The arch separating this from the nave aisle is probably
modern. There are two three-light square-headed windows in the
south wall and one in the east, with a diagonal buttress at the
south-east angle and one intermediate one. The west end appears
not to have been rebuilt, and the steeper pitch of the earlier aisle
ean be traced. This aisle has a cornice and parapet—which appears
to have been renewed over the chapel. The porch, which was
probably added when the aisle was re-built, is of fine proportions,
the full height of the aisle wall, with the same parapet continued
round, and it is surmounted by the original cross. The doorway
has the, string course carried over it as a label.

There is a tall and narrow opening through the eastern respond
of the north arcade, but it is impossible to say whether it is old or
modern. In the south respond is a traceried squint. This tower
is of three stages of the best period of the Perpendicular—the work
being pure and massive. It has a west door with depressed arch
to admit of the well-developed three-light window over it, having
the string course of the tower carried over it as a label; there is
a two-light pointed window, without label, in each face of the belfry,
and a two-light square-headed window in the south wall of the

- middle stage. There is a stair-turret at the south-east angle, partly

absorbing the respond of the south arcade, carried up to the belfry

138 Notes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough.

only ; there are diagonal buttresses at the south-west and north-west
angles, extending far up the belfry stage and with six set-offs, and the
tower is surmounted by a cornice with good gargoyles and parapet,
without pinnacles. The south-west buttress is rounded off at one
angle, the corbelling over to the square above being carved to
represent an angel borne on clouds, holding a shield bearing some
symbol now mutilated and indistinguishable. The reason for this
treatment is very difficult to surmise, as there can have been no
passage way round this corner of the buttress. I can only conclude
that as a cell of the priory probably existed where the present
manor-house stands, this figure was carved as an object to face the
approach to the Church. The floor of the tower was formerly one
step above that of the nave—not two, as at present.

The usual accompaniment to a fifteenth century western tower
was the addition of a clerestory to the nave, and this was carried
out here, with three two-light square-headed windows on each side.

The font has been so refaced as to make it impossible to say
whether it is new or old, but as there is a Jacobean oak cover which
fits it, I conclude that it is coeval with the tower.

There is a niche over the south door also of fifteenth century
date, but with modern appearance.

There is a good twelve-branch candelabrum, with the inscription :

“The gift of Mr. Jno. Bennet to the Parish Church of Ogbourne St. George,
1788 ” ;

and his shield blazoned with a chevron and three crowns.

There is an old sundial cut on the south-east quoin of the porch,
also a later one in the gable. An old sundial also exists low down
on the south buttress of the chancel, but as it is set with the lines
pointing upwards it is clear that it must have been inverted in the
partial re-building of the chancel, above referred to, in 1873.

There is a very heavy peal of five bells, at various dates from
1603 to 1652.

The Church has modern roofs throughout.

I cannot leave this fine Church without pointing to it as an ex-
ample of what to avoid in the restoration of an old building—here,

By C. E. Ponting, FSA. 139

all the stonework has been scraped to a degree which I have never
seen paralleled, and much valuable evidence of the history of the
Church has consequently been lost. We must make every allowance
for the early period at which this was done, and if the restorers of
that time only teach us to be more careful now they will not
have laboured in vain.

Canon Jackson states! that at about 1149 the manors and Churches
of the two Ogbournes were given by Maud, daughter and heiress of
Robert D’Oiley, to Bec Herlewyn Abbey, in Normandy, and that
a cell of monks was placed at Ogbourne S. Andrew, but tradition
places the site of this house at Ogbourne S. George, west of the
Church, where the Manor-house now stands, and the old-buttressed
walls, some parts of which are certainly of pre- Reformation character,
seem to confirm this.

Great Bepwyn. S. Mary.

The ecclesiastical history of this important parish has been fully
set forth by the Rev. J. Ward, in 1859 ( Wilts Arch. Maq., vol. vi.,
p- 267), and as I am not able to add to it I will only here mention
a few main items.

A Saxon Church must have existed on this site, for Domesday

- Book states that a priest held the Church of Bedvynde, having
succeeded his father, who had held it before the Conquest ; a prebend
of Bedwyn existed in the Cathedral of Old Sarum.

The parish originally contained over fourteen thousand acres of
land, and there were five chapels in connection with the Church,
besides those founded in the building itself:—(1) S. Nicholas, at
Grafton, which stood in the field nearly opposite the new Church,
but, having been ruined for centuries, its foundations were dug up

- in 1844. In 1846 a beautiful fifteenth century pax of latten (gilt)
was found near the site and is now in the Wiltshire Museum at
Devizes. (2) S. Martin, Chisbury; and (3) a chapel (dedication
unknown) at Knowle—both of which buildings we visited this
morning. (4) 8. Michael, Little Bedwyn, now the Parish Church.

| Wilts Arch. Mag, vel. x., P- 299,
‘ VOL. XXVIII.—-NO, LXXXIII. L

140 Notes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough.

(5) A chapel (? S. Martin) at Marten, long destroyed, the foun-
dations and other relics of which were discovered in 1858.

The parish Church is in plan regularly cruciform, consisting of
nave and aisles of four bays, north and south transepts, and chancel,
with tower at the intersection.

There is no trace of the Saxon building, which was probably of
wood, and the Church does not appear to have been re-built in stone
until nearly a century after the Conquest, when the present arcades
between the nave and aisles were erected. These are beautiful
specimens of the Norman style at the time when the transition to
the Early English first began to make itself felt. This influence
is seen here in the pointed arches (a feature in itself, however, not
necessarily Transitional), and the character of some of the carving
of caps and bases. The chevron on the outer order of the arches,
the section of the labels with the billet-mould on them, the cylin-
drical columns with square abaci, and the ornamentation of some of
the capitals are distinctly Norman. The capitals all vary in design,
and are exceedingly rich and well-preserved, and it is to be regretted
that so much of the interest of this work has been lost by the re-
moval of the tool-marks by scraping. It will be seen that the
circular bases stand on square plinths about 5in. thick; on the north
side there is a chamfered course below this, and these are doubtless
hidden on the south side by the levelling up of the floor, and there
is no doubt that the floor sloped from north to south, following the
natural fall of the ground; this is confirmed by the fact that the
arches on the south spring fully 4in. below those on the north.

The part next in order of date is the chancel, which is divided by
buttresses, with three set-offs, into two wide bays, each having two
single-light windows on each side, and one narrow bay at the west
end with one window on each side. These latter windows are very
perfect specimens of the “sanctus,” or “low-side window,” eaeh
having a transom at the level of the sills of the other windows, and —
the opening continued some 3ft. below this, the lower part being —
rebated for a shutter on the inside. The low-side window having
a special narrow bay allotted to it is quite a distinct feature. There —
is a priest’s door just eastward of the south window. (I deduce

By C. E. Ponting, F.S.A. 141

from the circumstance of the existence of a low-side window on each
side that the houses of the village in the thirteenth century—as at
present—were ranged on the north and south of the Church and of
the river.) All these windows have trefoil heads with the Decorated
“wave-mould” on the edge, and this (except in one case) is con-
tinued along the sills; they also have chamfered curtain arches on
the inside. The windows are unusually tall and narrow. The
buttresses standing square dt the angles are gabled. On the inside
there is a beautiful piscina in the south wall of the sacrarium,
worked on the same stones with the window; it has a bowl carved
with a free type of foliage, and an ogee label with rather more
conventional oak-leaf crockets and a terminal consisting of a bird (or
animal ?) holding a bunch of leaves in its mouth. I put the chancel
work at circa 1250—1260, and it is an interesting example of the
transition to the Decorated. The walls are built of flint, originally
plastered on the outside, and the dressings are of Chilmark stone.
The present east window is modern, and the gable over it has been
re-built, but there are indications of the original one, and an
engraving of the Church previous to its restoration shows a three-
_ light window with simple tracery.
It is open to conjecture what was the tower which came between
this late Norman nave and thirteenth century chancel, and I conclude
that the Norman Church was also cruciform, and that it also had a
central tower, which was taken down when the present one was
built. This was done, together with the north and south transepts,
in the carly half of the fourteenth century. Mr. Ward states that
the transepts were built by Sir Adam de Stokke, who died in early
~ manhood in 1313, but he does not state his authority for this. The
character of the work would have led me to put it some twenty
years later than this date, and I am led to question whether
it was not carried out as a memorial to Stokke, rather than by him.
Mr. Ward puts the tower later, but I think there can be no doubt
that the arches are coeval and that the superstructure is a con-
_ tinuation of the same work after the completion of the transepts.
The whole of this part of the Church is elaborately designed, and
executed with the utmost care; the walls are faced with cut and
a L 2

142 Notes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough.

coursed flints, after the manner so usual in the eastern counties,
which (unlike those of the chancel) were always exposed, and
the interstices are filled with flint chippings, and never appear
to have been pointed. The transepts are uniform in plan and
design, and have gabled buttresses standing square at the angles,
built entirely of wrought Bath stone, as also is the splayed base
carried round the whole, including the buttresses. In the gable of
each is a three-light window with tracery of refined design, neither
quite “Geometrical,” nor quite “Flowing,” but a compromise
between the two; the outer arches are of ogee form, the label
springs from corbel-heads, and following the same line finishes in a
foliated terminal. In the west wall is a two-light window more
geometrical in design, with pointed arch. In the east wall are two
similar windows. All these have moulded inside curtain arches.
The old roof corbel-heads remain, representing, in the north transept,
twokingsand one bishopin the east wall, and two bishops and oneking
in the west; the inverse order being followed in the south transept.

In the south wall of the south transept is a recessed tomb of two
bays of moulded two-centred segmental arches; in the east bay is
the effigy of a knight—said to represent Sir Adam de Stokke—
cross-legged, wearing chain armour; under the western bay is a
Purbeck slab bearing the matrix of a brass cross and an indistinct
inscription which is thus preserved by Stukeley :—“ Roger . de .
Stocre . chev . ici. gycht . Deu . de . sa. alme . eyt . merci.” —to
the memory of Sir Roger de Stokke, supposed to be a son of Sir
Adam. (This appears to support my opinion that the transepts
were erected after the death of the founder.) The back of the latter
recess is traceried, while the former is plain. In the south-east
angle is the bowl of a piscina consisting of a head with oak leaves
growing out of the mouth and branching off from the nose; over it
is the canopy (the terminal being a copy in plaster of the one in
the chancel), both have been removed from their former position.
The arches of the tower crossing are of two orders of chamfers
carried down the piers, the arches are acutely pointed, and this
especially in the case of those on the east and west sides, which are
narrower than the others; all have labels with terminals of heads

By C. E. Ponting, FS.A. 143

or nice flowing carving. The belfry stage stands clear above the
roofs, and has a two-light window in each face of a more simple
and rather later type than those of the transept, and chamfered
labels with square returns. The cornice has numerous outlets for
water, and is surmounted by a high and rather weak-looking pierced
parapet without pinnacles. The Norman tower must have been of
nearly the same size from east to west as the present one, as the
thirteenth century chancel, which was built against it, supports the
buttresses of the fourteenth century tower. (The turret-staircase
giving access to the belfry is modern, as also is the vestry.)
During the latter half of the fourteenth century the north and
south aisles and the west front were re-built (and the latter was
again almost entirely re-built in 1854, when a new doorway was
_ put in place of a smaller old one, and the west window was reduced
in height and a new window inserted in the end of the north aisle.)
The west window of the nave has tracery of the reticulated type,
and that of the south aisle is a three-light square-headed one with
the cusping cut out of the head in a peculiar manner. There are
three similar windows in the south wall. A large thirteenth century
cross, built into the west wall, was found in re-building the but-
tresses here. An old engraving shows a small door in the west end
of the north aisle and a quatrefoil window over, both of which have
been removed. The north aisle has no buttress except at the angle,
_ and there are four two-light pointed windows of Transitional type
on the north side. The south aisle has three buttresses, one of
which bears this inscription slightly incised on the face :—

When the tower and transepts were built the nave retained its
high-pitched roof, the drip-mould of which can be seen on the
transept walls; a clerestory with three square-headed windows on
each side was added to the nave in the fifteenth century, and the
walls were built against the earlier tower buttresses. The engraving
before referred to shows the nave with the low-pitched roof of this
period. All the roofs in the Church date from 1854, and we now

eid

144 Notes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough.

have a high-pitched roof of early type on a late clerestory.

On the west respond of the north arcade is cut a late fourteenth
century panel with traceried head enshrining a figure in low relief
of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Child enthroned—traces of red,
blue and gold colouring remain.

Parts of the late fourteenth century rood-screen (which was only
recently removed) are now used to screen off the west end of the
south aisle. It is a pity that this was not restored, rather than it
should have given place to the low iron screen now existing.

The font is modern.

Amongst the monuments in the Church are one to Sir John
Seymour, father of Jane Seymour, who died 1536; a brass to his
son, John Seymour, who died 1510; another to the memory of
Edward Lord Beauchamp, 1612. The Seymours formerly used the
Priory Church at Easton as a place of interment, but in 1590, the
Priory Church having become ruined, Edward Earl of Hertford
removed the body of his grandfather, Sir John Seymour, to Great
Bedwyn, and erected the altar-tomb now in the chancel bearing his
recumbent effigy. The remains of John, his son, were probably
removed to Bedwyn at the same time, also a Purbeck slab which
contains his brass.

The shaft, capital and base of the churchyard cross of fifteenth
century date still exist. It stands on three steps, the lower of
which is the usual ‘‘ bench-table.”” The base is square with stops.
The shaft is also square where it is mortised into this and worked
to an octagon above. On the south face (towards the Church) is
the carved figure of a mitred Bishop (not the Blessed Virgin Mary,
as Mr. Ward supposed,) under a flat canopy with his feet resting on
ap adimal which looks like a lamb. ‘The head of the cross has been
destroyed, and its place is occupied by a seventeenth century sun-
dial, with traces of eight gnomons, with an iron cross on it

Littte Bepwyn. S. Micwaet.

Plan :——nave, with north and south aisles, south porch, chancel
(with modern vestry), and western tower.
This was formerly a chapelry of Great Bedwyn, and was

By C. E. Ponting, F.S.A. 145

made a parish Church, and 4234 acres of land cut off as a
separate parish, in 1405.

The erection of thé Church preceded by a few years the re-building
of the nave of Great Bedwyn. The nave arcade here may be put
at about 1160; it consists of three bays of semicircular arches of
two square orders with billet-mould label, supported by cylindrical
columns with carved capitals. The abaci of the western respond
and the column next to it are canted off at the angles, but the rest
are square. The south arcade is a little later, and is divided imto four
bays; the arches are pointed and the orders chamfered, but the labels
are like those on the north. The western respond and the adjoining
column have capitals with circular abaci, and the respond capital is
earved ; the next column eastward has an octagonal abacus, and the
eapital is carved with heads. The arch at the easternmost respond
is carried on a fluted corbel (possibly to admit of a better view of
the altar from the aisle). The archway into the western tower is
probably a little later still—say 1200, and consists of three orders
of chamfers carried on arch and jambs with plain chamfered abacus
and base. The chancel arch is poor, and consists of two orders of
small chamters—probably thirteenth century in date.

The Church as then built was doubtless the same in plan as at

“present, and no alteration appears to have taken place until the

middle of the fifteenth century (soon after this became a parish
Church), when the tower, the north and south aisles, and chancel
were re-built from the ground and the south porch erected. ‘The
tower is of four stages in height with diagonal buttresses and stone

spire. A parapet must have existed at the base of the spire, but this

has disappeared. The west window and the four belfry windows
are each of two lights with square head.

This is the only instance of a spire in this neighboubhisod:
the next instance westward is Bishops Cannings, at the end of the

_ Pewsey Vale. Both of these are in the valley, and the spires might

have been added on that account to give prominence to the Churches.
The chancel has a three-light pointed east window, and one two-

| light and one single-light window in each side; also a piscina in
_ the south wall. The aisles have north and south doorways (with a

146 The Gravestone of Ilbert de Chaz.

niche over the latter on the outside), and square-headed two-light
windows without cusping on the head. Near the east end of the
south aisle is a thirteenth century piscina (which must have been
re-inserted here) with shelf, but part of the bowl has gone. A corbel
has been inserted in the south-east angle.

The entire building (except the spire) is faced with flint, and has
dressings of Bath stone, of which also the whole spire is constructed.

The vestry and the roofs throughout the Church are modern
with the exception of that of the south aisle, which is fifteenth
century and coeval with the walls.'

The peal consists of four bells, two of which were cast at Ald-
bourne, by James Wells, in 1581.

The Gravestone of Albert de Chaz

By C. H. Tasor.

AANOECENT works of restoration, to the chapter-house of Lacock
AK Abbey, obliged me to move the gravestone of Ilbert de
Chaz from the position which it appears to have occupied since
1744, when it was presented to my ancestor, Ivory Talbot, by Lord
Webb Seymour. It will now be returned to Monkton Farleigh, to
which place it historically belongs, to be preserved among the other
remains of that priory, in the possession of Sir Charles Hobhouse.?
Before parting with the stone, I have drawn up a note on the
original and repeated inscription, for publication in the Magazine.
The best representation of the stone that has been published is, I
believe, the lithograph illustrating Canon Jackson’s “ History of the
Priory of Monkton Farley.” *

1 I saw this Church before its restoration, and I regret to find that the carving
of the capitals has lost much of its interest by scraping—a new surface having
been produced.

2 Since this was written, the stone has been taken to Monkton Farleigh.
8 Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. iv., p. 283. The principal omission is the tail of

the Q,, in the large inscription, which should be shown as a detached stroke,
under the following letter B.

By C. H. Talbot. 147

The inscription (expanding the contractions) is as follows :—
H1C IACET ILBERTVS DE CHAZ BONITATE REFERTYS
QVI CVM BROTONA DEDIT HIC PERPLVRIMA DONA.
which commemorates the grant, by the deceased, to Monkton
Farleigh Priory, of land, in the parish of Broughton Gifford,
which still bears the name of Monkton. The only point which has
been disputed, in the inscription, is whether cuaz or car is the
right reading. I hope to be able to show that the former is correct.
The memorial is of the twelfth century, and the original inscription
is cut, on the flat upper surface of the stone, in an extraordinarily
contracted manner (letter within letter), and, if it were not already
known, would be very difficult to read. Partly for this reason, in
all probability, it has been re-cut, with only a few contractions, in
_ the hollow of the moulding on the edge of the stone, the first part
of this added inscription, however, being on a second stone. When
this was done, the whole monument probably stood against a north
wall.
Canon Jackson says :—

“Tt was found north-west of the chancel, and, from the way in which the
marginal inscription is cut, evidently stood against the church wall; perhaps was
built into the wall under an arch. When found, it looked ‘like a seat’ in the
north angle.”

The late Prebendary J. Wilkinson, in his “‘ History of Broughton

Gifford,’ who describes the stone erroneously as being in the
refectory of Lacock Abbey, instead of the chapter-house, says :—

“Mr. Bowles in his History of Lacock (or rather Mr. Nichols, who did all the

real work in the book) is of opinion that the name of the person commemorated

is different in the two inscriptions. He supposes it z in the original, and ‘c in

_ the copy. Careful examination leads me to the conclusion that it is T in both,

aod that the apparent difference in the original inscription solely arises from a

slip of the tool (probably owing to the grain of the stone and the unskilfulness
of the artist) in forming the lower part of the letter.”

This is a little hard on the sculptor. He then adds, in a note :—

“The letters Hic Jacet Ilbe, are now in the same straight line with the rest
of the inscription, but their original position was clearly at the head ; where they
- could, from the deep shade in which that part of the tomb lies at Lacock, have
hardly been decyphered.’’

Now this is entirely a mistake. It was evident, as the monument

‘ Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. v., p. 329.

148 The Gravestone of Ilbert de Chas.

stood, that two stones, and apparently two only, viz., the original
slab and the small piece, added at the head, had been brought from
Monkton Farleigh, and placed on a large stone, which proved to be
an old stone coffin, cut down, and that, in order apparently to make
it fit the latter, the small added stone had been reduced, so that the
first letter H of the second inscription is missing. When the added
stone was detached, in moving the monument, the original moulding
was found remaining, at the head of the slab, and uninseribed as
at first worked.

Mr. Wilkinson also failed to detect an error in the ‘“ History of
Lacock” which tells against his own views. The author (Mr. John
Gough Nichols) says :—!

“The name of the party is in the smaller inscription spelt car, though in
the larger the final letter is clearly different, and may be safely read as z, which
orthography is supported by the charters of Monkton Farley, printed in Dugdale’s
Monasticon.”

This statement, regarding the smaller inscription, is erroneous.
No doubt it is so shown in the lithograph that accompanies the
text, but anyone who examines the stone may see that the letter in
dispute is, in the smaller inscription, distinctly and intentionally
different from the letter 7. In the larger inscription, also, it is
distinctly different from the letter 1; but, in fact, it is the smaller
inscription that furnishes the strongest evidence that it was in-
tended for some other letter. This is also distinctly shown in the
lithograph in the Magazine. I should suppose that Mr. Wilkinson
must have refreshed his memory by referring to the lithograph in
the History of Lacock, which is much less accurate than the other,
and which shows the beginning of the smaller inscription as if it
returned round the head of the stone, without any explanation that
it is so arranged simply in order to get it into the plate, and even
represents the missing letter H as remaining.

Mr. Nichols gives an extract from a confirmation charter of
Humfrey and Margaret de Bohun, to Farleigh Priory, in which

these words occur :—
“Pypterea concedimus eis et confirmamus Broctonam quam Ilbertus de Chaz
eis dedit, &e.”

1 Bowles and Nichols, History of Lacock Abbey, p. 354.

Tes

Lists of Non-Parochial Registers and Records. 149

The original charter is printed at length in Dugdale’s Monasticon,

from the Register of the Priory of Lewes, to which Farleigh was

a Cell, which Register, in 1650, was in the possession of John Selden.
Mr. Nichols also gives! the following additional particulars :—

“ Tlbert de Chaz held lands of the Bohuns in Normandy as well as in England.

Cats, the place from which he derived his name, is a parish in the arrondissement

of St. Lo, and canton of Carentan. St. Georges and St. André de Bohon are

parishes in the same canton. The following charter ? from the cartulary of the
neighbouring Abbey of Montbourg, has been communicated by Mr. Stapleton :

‘Notum sit omnibus presentibus et futuris quod ego Ilbertus de Caz do et

concedo in perpetuam elemosinam abbatie s’c’e Marie Montisburgi, ecclesiam de

Caz, cum omnibus ad eam pertinentibus, libere et quiete, pro salute anime mee et

omnium antecessorum meorum, concedentibus domino meo Unfrido de Bohun, et

nepotibus meis Willelmo de Greinvill et Bartholomeo le Bigot, et ut firma sit

__ imperpetunm hzee donatio signo dominice crucis hane chartam confirmo et munio

coram subscriptis testibus, Ilberto + Unfrido de Bohun, Bartholomeo le Bigot,

et multis aliis.’ (fol. 104.)”’
Assuming that the Ch in Chaz was pronounced hard (like f), it
will be seen that the three known variations, in spelling, of the

name, viz., Cats, Caz, and Chaz, would not differ much in sound.

Mists of Alon-Parochial Aegisters and Aecords

now in the custody of the Registrar-General of Births, Deaths, and Marriages,
pursuant to the Act of the 3rd and 4th Victoria, cap. 92. London: printed by
W. Clowes & Sons, Stamford Street, for Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1841.

Copied and Communicated by Mr. A. CoLEMAN.
The following pages contain so much of the Lists as relates to
Wiltshire :—
At the end of the extracts will be found a copy of the table of
contents of the lists.

1 Bowles and Nichols, p. 373.
_ *Canon Jackson has given a translation of this charter (Wilts Arch. Mag.,
vol. iv., p. 282, note.)

® At the time of the introduction of the system of civil registration (by statute,
6 and 7 Will. IV., cap. 86) a Commission was issued for enquiring into the state
and authenticity of any registers other than parochial, which then existed, with
the result that about seven thousand registers were discovered. These registers
were, pursuant to the Act 3 and 4 Vict., cap. 92, entitled “ An Act for enabling
Courts of Justice to admit Non-Parochial Registers as Evidence of Births or
Baptisms, Deaths or Burials, and Marriages,’ placed under the care of the
istrar-General, and are receivable as evidence in courts of justice.—A.C,

f Non-Parochial Registers and Records.

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154

No.

577

579
580

581
582
583
584

620

621

622

623
624

625
626
627
628
629
630

ORIGI

No.

1469 | For Gloucestershire and Wiltshire .

Lists of Non-Parochial Registers and Records.

SOCIETY OF FRIENDS.

xiv.—Gloucestershire and Wiltshire Quarterly Meeting.
LL

Meeting.

Gloucestershire and Wiltshire Quarterly
Meeting :—

Monthly Meeting of Wiltshire :—
Chippenham Division :

Lavington Division
Charleot Monthly Meeting

Charlcot
Slaughterford

Description of
Entries.

| Births
Marriages .
Burials
Births
Marriages .
Burials
Marriages .
Births
Burials
Marriages .
Births
Burials
Marriages .
Births
Burials
Births
Ditto
Burials
Ditto

Births
Burials
Marriages .
Marriages .
Births
Deaths
Births
Deaths
Marriages .
Marriages .
Births
Marriages .
Burials
Marriages .
Ditto
Births
Ditto
Burials
Ditto

What period
extending over.

1647—1683
1656—1693
1657—1680
1648—1691
1657—1702
1658—1692
1775—1788
1776—1789
1776—1789
1785—1794
1786—1794
1785—1794
1795—1835
1694—1774

' 1693—1778

MARRIAGE CERTIFICATES AND COPIES.
a ——————

Meeting.

Description of
Entries,

; | Marriages .

1795—1829
1830-—1837
1794—1823
1823—1837

1697—1788

1669—1779
1691—1775
1689—1777
1688 —1783
1648—1780
1656 —1775
1657—1742
1708—1773
1677—1723
1675—1702
1677 —1767
1776—1794
1796—1835
1775—1794
1794—1837
1784—1794
1794—1837

NAL BIRTH AND BURIAL NOTES, AND ORIGINAL

What period
extending over.

—_—[]—$[$————$

1775—1794.

~W

ee eee
. :

Lists of Non-Parochial Registers and Records.

CONTENTS OF THE LISTS.
England.

Page
Foreign Churches. f 1—4 London and Environs
Bedfordshire . ? ; 5 Middlesex .
Berkshire p i F 5—7 Monmouthshire .
Cambridge : : ; 8 Norfolk
Cheshire ; : . _8—10 N orthamptonshire
Cornwall ; $ . 10—11 Northumberland
Cumberland. , . 11—12 Nottinghamshire
Derby ‘ : . 12-13 Oxfordshire
Devon ‘ : . 13—16 Rutlandshire
Dorsetshire : ‘ . 16—18 Shropshire
Durham ‘ P . 18—19 Somersetshire
Essex ) ; . 19—21 Staffordshire
Gloucestershire . : . 22—23 Suffolk
Hampshire : : . 23—25 Surrey
Herefordshire . ; : 25 Sussex
Hertfordshire . : . 25—26 Warwickshire .
ee nahire : . 26--27 Westmoreland .
Kent $ . 27—30 Wiltshire :
Lancashire : : . 3B0—36 Worcestershire .
Leicestershire . ; . 37—38 Yorkshire
Tincolnshire : . 38—39

Wales

Page
Anglesea . z ; . 82—83 Flint
Brecon. . ; . 83—84 Glamorgan
Cardigan . : é . 84—85 Merioneth .
Carmarthen. f . 86—87 Montgomery
Carnarvon . : ‘ . 87—89 Pembroke .
Denbigh . 3 d . 89—91 Radnor

Society of Friends.

Pag
Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire 98
Berkshire and Oxfordshire 98— 99
Bristol and Somersetshire 99—100

Buckinghamshire . , 100
Cambridgeshire and Hun-
tingdonshire 100
Cheshire and Staffordshire 100—101
Cornwall. : 101
Cumberland and Northum-
berland . 101—L02
Derbyshire and Notting-
hamshire . é . 102—103
_ Devonshire .° 103
- Dorsetshire and Hampshire 103—104
Durham $ 104
Essex 4 ; F 105

VOL. XXVIII.—NO. LXXXIIJ.

Gloucestershire and Wilt-
shire

Herefordshire, Woreester-
shire, and Wales.

Kent F

Lancashire

Lincolnshire .« :

London and Middlesex F

Norwich and Norfolk

Northamptonshire .

Suffolk ’

Sussex and Surrey .

Warwickshire, Leicester-
shire, and Rutlandsire

Yorkshire .

Original Birth Notes, &e.

155

Page
105—106

106—107
107
107—108
108—109
109—110
110
111
111
111—112

112
113—115
116

156

: Alotes on Aldbourne Church.

By E. Doran Wess, F.S.A.

(me HE. Parish Church of Aldbourne, which, according to the
4) King’s Book, is dedicated to St. Michael, also lays claim
to S. Mary Magdalene as its patron saint. Ona curious view of the
south side of the Church, by G Bacon, in the possession of W.
Brown, Esq. (which, judging from the costume of the figures in the
foreground of the picture, was executed in the middle of the last

century), is this inscription :—

“The south prospect of 8. Mary Magdalene, in ye Parish of Auborne in
North Wiltshire, whose length is 160 feet and the height of ye tower 99 feet.
Inscribed to Mr. Thomas Bacon of ye strand London.”

Aldbourne Feast is held on the Monday next to the feast of.8.
Mary Magdalene (July 22nd), and so closely in the middle ages
was such an event as. this bound ‘up with the Church life of each
town or village, that it seems almost a certainty to me that S. Mary
Magdalene was the patron saint of the twelfth century Church, but
that when the great work of building the western tower and re-
modelling the whole building took place in the fifteenth century,
the Church was’ hallowed afresh, receiving as its patron saint 8.
Michael. Aldbourne Church as we now see it bears but little re-
semblance to its twelfth century predecessor, which probably was of
the usual type and consisted. of a nave, north and south aisles.of no
great width, a low central tower, shallow transepts having apsidal
chapels, and. an apsidal chancel. As was usually the case the first

alterations in the old plan were made.at the east end, the apse.

giving place to the present square-ended chancel in the thirteenth
century; later on, the two side chapels were built; and last of all,
in the fifteenth century, the low central tower was taken down and
the present Perpendicular piers with arches opening into the

transepts, and the magnificent western tower—whose pierced stone ~

Notes on Aldbourne Church. 157

belfry windows remind one of Somersetshire work—built. The
north porch with chamber over, and the chapel opening into the
south transept through a panelled arch, belong to this period; the
low-pitch wooden roofs with which the Church, with the exception
of the chancel, is covered, are good specimens of late Perpendicular
woodwork. Entering the Church through the south porch—the
upper room of which was at the last restoration unfortunately de-
stroyed, though the staircase to it remains—we pass through the
fine twelfth century doorway into the nave, the arcades of which
furnish us with an interesting example of the slight veneration with
which the mediswval mason treated the work of his predecessor.
Three bays of the south arcade remain but little altered from the
twelfth century, when they were built, but the north arcade has
fared differently—the mouldings have been re-worked at a later
period and an entirely fresh character given to them. Against the
second pillar of the south arcade stands the font, octagonal on plan,
the sides of the bowl being ornamented with a lozenge roughly
execnted. In the south wall opposite is the niche for a stoup, the
bowl of which has disappeared; close by is the entrance and
staircase (the latter blocked up) to the room, now destroyed, which
was formed in the upper stage of the south porch. The south
_transept—locally known as the Upham Aisle, contains the brass of
_ Richard Goddard, of Upham, and Elizabeth, his wife. The date
of his death is not filled in on the brass, but his wife’s death is
recorded as happening on the 14th of July, 1482. Against the east
wall of the transept is a large stone monument in the style of the
early part of the seventeenth century, with effigies of a Goddard,
his wife, three sons, and one daughter, all represented kneeling ;
above, on a shield, the arms of Goddard of Upham quartering,
apparently, Goddard of East Woodhay. This monument is
believed to commemorate Thomas Goddard, who died 1597,! and
his second wife. Above the monument is an old helmet suspended
by iron brackets let into the wall but so high up that I was not able
to examine it.

1The date, 1609, given in Wilts Arch, Mag., vol. xi., p. 340, is apparently a
mistake,
4

M 2

158 Notes on Aldbourne Church.

The handsome Jacobean pulpit of wood, which stands against the
north pier of the chancel arch, was brought here from Speen, when
that Church underwent restoration in 1860.

We now come to the chancel; the three-light east window is
modern, but one of the two single-light Early English windows on
either side is old, and the other a restoration. Against the north
wall is an altar-tomb bearing an incised slab; the inscription which
runs round the edge of the slab has been much mutilated. I have
been told that a workman rested a ladder on the slab when the new
roof was placed on the chancel, and so caused the damage. This
incised slab is undoubtedly the finest specimen of this class of
memorial to be found in Wiltshire, and represents John Stone,
Vicar of Aldbourne, who died in 15—. A John Stone was col-
lated to the stall of Axford, in Salisbury Cathedral, in 1509,
but resigned it two years later, when he accepted the stall of
Warminster, which in turn he gave up for the stall of Chardstock
in 1517; in 1524 we hear of him for the last time as holding the
stall of Fordington. The effigy on the slab is that of a priest fully
vested, his head resting on a richly-worked cushion, having heavy
tassels at three of its corners, his hands supporting a chalice, the
bowl of which is unusually large.

On the floor close by this monument is a small brass to Henry
Frekylton, chaplain of a chantry in the Church, who died the 10th
of September, 1508, the symbols of his priestly office—the book of
the gospels and a chalice—are depicted on separate pieces of metal
let into the stone slab; the bowl of the chalice has been wrenched
off and taken away.

Cut into the south wall is a square-headed aumbry.

The eastern pier of the arch between the chancel and the north
-chapel is pierced by a double squint which enabled both the people
worshipping and the priest serving at the side altar to see the high
altar. In this chapel, which was of old used by the Guild or Fra-
ternity of “‘ Our Lady in Aldbourne,”’ immediately under the double
squint just described, is a piscina, the bowl of which is destroyed.

In the angle made by the north and east walls is a niche for the
figure of the patron saint; beneath the bracket are carved three

ee

Notes on Aldbourne Church. 159

roses having four outer and four inner petals. Against the north
wall is the somewhat singularly adorned tomb with demi-effigies of
Edward Walronde, who died in 1617, aged 96, and of his brother
William, who died in 1614, aged 84. The tomb is surmounted by
the crest of the family; beneath, on a shield are the arms with
supporters.

The Waldron’s or Walronde’s old house is said to have been burnt
down. In the present Vicarage house, styled ‘‘ The Court House,”
there was held in 1669 one of the largest conventicles in Wiltshire,
Mr. Christopher Fowler, Mr. Burges, formerly of Collingbourne
Ducis, and Mr. Hughes, formerly of St. Mary, Marlborough, all
being non-conformist ministers, gathered to hear them every Sunday
and Thursday some three hundred of the townsfolk and neighbours.

The rood-screen which divided the chancel from the nave has long
since disappeared, but the upper doorway, through which access
was obtained to the loft, remains, though now walled up, in the
north pier of the chancel arch above the pulpit.

A screen made up of old portions of woodwork has been placed
across the entrance to the south chapel from the transept. This
chapel is now used as a vestry and organ-chamber, and contains the
memorial slab of a former Vicar.

The earliest register dates from 1637.

The fine western tower contains a peal of eight bells. Two are
pre-Reformation bells, and bear the following inscriptions. On the
one ;—“ Stella Maria maris : succurre : pusima: nobis”;
on the other:—“> Hntonat: De: celis: bor: campane:
Mlichelis: Deus: propictus: esto: a Cabus: RMecharve:
Godard: quondam: De: Apham: Elisabeth: et Elisabeth:

uporum: etus: ac: avabus: orm: liberorum: et:

parentum: suorum: gui: hanc: campanam: fiert:

‘fecerunt: anno: But: meceeexvot.” A hand-bell, bearing

this inscription :—“@ Hater Bet memento met. J. Begoten
mdly,” was found in the walls of an old house at Aldbourne in
1854, and was carefully preserved by W. Brown, Esq.

The present clock face was fixed on the tower in the Jubilee year

of Queen Victoria.

160 Richard J efferies— Bibliographical Addenda.

Externally the tower sadly lacks its finishing features, the missing
pimnacles should be replaced. Internally, the stone corbels and
springers to sustain the vaulting remain close under the floor of the
ringing-chamber, but I doubt if ever the vaulting was completed.

Several memorial slabs collected from all parts of the Church
have been placed on the floor of the tower.

The cross on the green was restored in the last century, when the
head was placed as we now see it to serve as a sun-dial. An iron
lamp has been recently fixed to the stem of the cross, which I much
hope will be removed.

Richard Aetleries.
Hibliographical Addenda.
By Grorak HE. Dartne ct.

(Continued from vol. xxvii., p. 99.)

(Qm@eliESE few pages consist entirely of additions to the biblio-
1 graphical section of my previous article. To the other
sections I need add nothing here, as the subject has been very fully
dealt with of late by abler pens than mine.

I have to express my indebtedness to Mr. H. S. Salt, for much
kind assistance as regards magazine and other articles which had
escaped my own notice, and also to Dr. 8. A. Jones, fora very
useful list of the American editions.

If any reader of this Magazine can inform me where and when
the article on Savernake Forest, quoted by Mr. Besant in the Hulogy,
was originally published, I shall be much obliged to him, as up to
the present time it has proved impossible to ascertain anything
definite about it.

By George E. Dartnell. 161

Books.

Suez-cide. The full title should be given :— Swez-cide, or How
Miss Britannia bought a dirty puddle, and lost her sugar plums.”
Price 3d.

A forgery of this pamphlet was in circulation in 1893, but was soon
exposed by experts.
The Gamekeeper at Home. Add :—

American Edition. Roberts Bros., Boston, 1879, with /ac-
simile illustrations ; also English-printed copies, having Roberts
Bros’. imprint on title page.

Wild Life. Add :-—
Originally appeared in Pall Mall Gazette.
New Edition, 1892.
American 2nd Edition, 1889.

Amateur Poacher. Add :—
Originally appeared in Pall Mall Gazette.
Other Editions, 1880, 1893.
American Edition, English-printed, with Roberts Bros’ .
imprint on title page.
Round about a Great Estate. Add :—
Originally appeared in Pall Mall Gazette.
New Edition, 1891.
American Edition, English-printed, with Roberts Bros’.
imprint. .
Wood Magic. Add :—

New Edition. Longmans. Crown 8vo, 1893, with frontispiece -
and vignette by E. V. B., in Silver Library, pp. 3879. 38. Gd.

American Edition. Cassell & Co., New York, 1881. Two
vols. in one, without separate title page to vol. ii,

162 Richard Jefferies—Bibliographical Addenda.
Nature near London, Add :—

Second Edition was in 1888, third in 1887.
New Editions, 1891, 1892.

The Story of My Heart. Add :—
American Edition, Roberts Bros., 1883.

Red Deer. Add :—
English editions circulate in America.

The Life of the Fields. Add :-—
New Editions, 1889, 1891, 1892.

After London. Add :—
American Edition, Cassells, 1885.

The Open Air. Add :-—

New Editions, 1888, 1892.

American Edition, Harper Bros., 1886.
Amaryllis at the Fair. Add :—

American Edition, Harper Bros., 1887.
Field and Hedgerow. Add :-—

English editions circulate in America.
Toilers of the Field. Add :—

New Edition. Crown 8vo, with portrait from bust, in Si/ver
Library, 1894. 3s. 6d. '

Magazine Arvicies, &c., NOT YET REPRINTED.

1872. History of Swindon. Add :—
“ Antiquities of Swindon and its Neighbourhood—Upper Upham,
cap. iv.” appeared in Swindon Advertiser, 4th November, 1872, and
exhibits much advance in style since the History of Malmesbury.

By George E. Dartnell. 1638

1873. Swindon, its History and Antiquities. Add :—

This paper was read at the Wilts Archeological Society's Meeting at
Swindon, 16th September, 1873, and published in their Magazine for
March, 1874. The date quoted in Mr. Salt’s Bibliography should,
therefore, be corrected from 1884 to 1874.

1874. A Railoay Accidents Bill [Frasers].
The Size of Farms (New Quarterly].
1875. Field-faring Women. [This appeared in Frasers. |
Women in the Field | Graphic]. |
1877. Unequal Agriculture [Frasers].
The Future of Country Society [New Quarterly].
1878. A Great Agricultural Problem | Frasers].
1894. The Spring of the Year | Longmans, June}.
1895. Nature and Eternity [Longmans, May].

; Books ann ARTICLES RELATING TO JEFFERIES.

1887. Richard Jefferies and the Open Air. By Lord Lymington.
National Review, October.
Richard Jefferies. An anonymous poem of ten lines, be-
ginning :—

“Tover of Nature, whom her lovers love,”
appeared in one of the Bristol papers some years ago. The
date is not noted on my cutting, but from internal evidence it
was probably August, 1887.

Obituary Notices appeared in Pall Mall Gazette, August 15th
and 16th (the latter beg by Mr. J. W. North), Atheneum,
20th August, Academy, 20th August, Saturday Review, 27th
August, ete.

1888. The Story of « Heart. By H. 8. Salt. To-Day,
June.

Richard Jefferies. By E. Garnett. Universal Review, No-
vember.

164 Richard Jefferies—Bibliographical Addenda.

The Gospel of Richard Jefferies. By H.S8. Salt. Pall Mall
Gazette, 16th November.

Article in Atheneum, 8th December, by W. E. Henley.
See under “‘ Virws anp Reviews.”

1889. Richard Jefferies. By Alan Wright. Girls’ Own Paper,
31st August.

Richard Jefferies. By C. W. M. Girls’ Own Paper, 21st
December.

1890. Richard Jefferies. By F. Greenwood. Scots Observer, 2nd
August.
Richard Jefferies, Notes on. Murray’s Magazine, September.
Round about Coate. By P. Anderson Graham. Scots
Observer, 18th October.

The Mulberry Tree. A poem by Jefferies. Scots Observer,
8th November.

Richard Jefferies, with portrait. Great Thoughts, December.

Tue Lire or Henry Davin Tuorzav. By H. S. Salt.
Bentley & Son, London, 1890. Contains several comparisons
between Thoreau and Jefferies.

Views anp Reviews: Essays 1x Apprecration. By
W. E. Henley. London: Nutt, 1890. See pp. 177—182
for article on Jefferies, reprinted from Atheneum of 8th
December, 1888.
1891. Richard Jefferies. Article in Allibone’s Critical Dictionary
of English Literature.
Richard Jefferies. By H.8. Salt. Temple Bar, June.

Nature 1n Booxs, Some Srupres 1n Biocraruy. By P.
Anderson Graham. Methuen & Co., London, 1891. See
cap. I., ‘“‘ The Magic of the Fields.”

The Pernicious Works of Richard Jefferies. Correspondence
in Pall Mall Gazette, September 8th to 21st.

By George E. Dartnell. 165

Did Richard Jefferies die a Christian ? Reminiscences by people
who knew him. Tnterviews with Mr. Charles Jefferies and “One
who knew Jefferies.”’ Pall Mall Gazette, 22nd September.

Did Richard Jefferies die a Christian? An Authoritative
Account of the Closing Scene. Extracts from C. W. M’s 1889
article. Pall Mall Gazette, 3rd October.

The Oonversion of Richard Jefferies. By’ HH. 8. Salt.
National Reformer, 18th October.

Thoughts on the Labour Question : Passages from Unpublished
Chapters by Richard Jefferies. Article in Pall Mall Gazette,
10th November.

1892. Homes and Haunts of Richard Jefferics, with illustrations.
Pall Mali Budget, 25th August.

1893. Inlander Leaflets, No.1. Richard Jefferies. By Dr. 8. A.

Jones. Reprinted in pamphlet form from The Inlander,
March, 1893. The Register Publishing Co., Ann Arbour,
Michigan, U.S.A. pp. 12.

Richard Jefferies, with a bibliography, by G. E. Dartnell.
Wilts Archeological Magazine, June. pp. 69—99.

Appeal for Help in Restoration of Chiseldon Church. See
Morning Post, 23rd December, and other papers.

Witsutre Worps, A GiLossARY oF WorDS USED IN THE CouUNTY
| oF Witsuire. By G. E. Dartnell and Rev. E. H. Goddard.
: pp. xix. and 235. London: Oxford University Press. 1893.

Contains definitions and illustrations of the Wiltshire dialect words used
in Jefferies’ writings.

1894. Ricuarp Jerreries. A Srupy.. By H.S8. Salt. With
a portrait. London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co., 1894. pp.
viii. 128. Feap. 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. Dilettante Library.
Large Paper Edition, 1894. 10s. 6d. net. Portrait and
four wash drawings of Coate andthe neighbourhood, by Miss

Bertha Newcombe.

166 Richard Jefferies—Bibliographical Addenda.

“In five chapters the author deals with his subject as man, naturalist,
poet-naturalist, thinker, and writer . . . . with a bibliographical
appendix . . . . Mr. Salt holds a very high opinion of Jefferies’
power and value asa writer . . . . but he grounds that opinion not
on the excellence of those studies of wild and rural life by which he is so
widely known, but on his later mystical writings, and more especially on
his ‘autobiography’—Zhe Story of My Heart.’—Notice in Wilts
Archeological Magazine, June, 1894, vol. xxvii., No. Ixxxi., p. 319.

An eminently readable and sympathetic study, containing much that is
of high critical value, though the opinions advanced are at times hardly in
accord with our Wiltshire estimates of the man and his work. It should
be valued by all lovers of Jefferies. The illustrations in the large paper
edition are excellent in themselves, and most successfully reproduced by
some process akin to photogravure.

Noticed in some forty or fifty papers, London, Provincial, and American,
the tone taken by the reviewer being in most cases determined by his
personal opinion as to the relative merits of Zhe Gamekeeper at Home
and The Story of My Heart.

Richard Jefferies. The Man and his Work. By J. L. Veitch. A
lecture given at-the Salisbury Museum, 5th February, 1894.
Reprinted in pamphlet form from The Salisbury and Winchester
Journal of 10th February. Bennett Bros., Salisbury. pp. 20.

A brief but very interesting survey of Jefferies’ life and works. Noticed
in Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xxvii., p. 319.

Richard Jefferies and his Home in Wiltshire. By Bertha Newcombe.
With eight illustrations, from sketches by the author. In
Sylvia's Journal, March, pp. 192—198.

Noticed in Wilts Arch. May., vol. xxvii, p.320. A pleasantly-written

descriptive and critical article, with illustrations worthy of better press-
work, depicting scenes on the Downs, the house at Coate, etc.

A Suggested Richard Jefferies Club. Letter, signed Charles Farr,
Broadchalke, in Salisbury Journal, 28th April.

The suggestion was not favourably received. The writer is the author

of several Nature sketches which have appeared in the Journal recently.

1895. The Poet-Naturalists. II. Richard Jefferies. By W. HL.

Jupp. With portrait. Great Thoughts, 23rd and 380th March.

A very just and sympathetic estimate of Jefferies and his excellences
and limitations.

Notes, Archeological and Historical. 167

Serections. A volume of selections from Jefferies, edited by Mr.
H. S. H. Waylen, is now in the press, and will shortly be
published by Messrs. Longman, but the exact title has not yet
been announced.

In Praise of the Country, by H. D. Traill, Contemporary Review,
vol. 52, p. 477, contains a good deal about Jefferies.

Nors :—Referring to a passage in The Eulogy, pp. 83—84, Mr.
A. E. Perkins writes me as follows:—“‘ Walter Besant, in his
Eulogy, mentions a letter in which Jefferies complains of the small
pittance offered him by the Marlborough paper. I well remember
the circumstance, but at the time we only wanted a few paragraphs
a week—not anything like his whole time. We employed him for
a short time, then he discontinued his contributions.”

Alotes, Archwological and Mistorical.

Matmespury ABBEY—THE ScuLPTURES OF THE SoutH Porcu, &c.

ee le

(From a MS. note in the possession of the Society, apparently copied from
“4 Topographical Excursion through England in 1634,” printed in
“ Brayley’s Graphic and Historical Illustrations,” p. 411.

‘So on I posted into a new shire, through a little nooke of her, and by that
time it was night, I got into that ancient, sometimes famous and flourishing city :
[Malmesberry] but ffortune long since turn’d her face from me, so as now there
is little left, but the ruines of a rare demolish’d Church, and a large fayre and
rich Monastery ; so much as is standing of this old Abbey Church promiseth no
lesse, (for it represents a Cathedrall) to have been of that largenes, strength
and extent as most in y® kingdome.

“Her old strong Basis is answerable to her Coat. The two great Towers at
her West comming in, are quite demolish’d, and her great High Tower, at the
-ypper end of the high Altar much decay’d and ruinated ; The Angle there cleane
decayd. At the West Doore, w* was her entrance, are curiously cut in freestone,
seuerall postures of the Moneths,

~~

168 Notes, Archeological and Historical.

‘At the South side of this ancient ffabricke, at the entrance of a fayre Porch,
there is curiously cutt, and caru’d in ffreestone in three ouall Arches, Statues
rep’senting the Creation, the Deluge, and the Natiuity w* in their artificiall
Postures, I may compare to Wells, though not in number soe many, nor in bignes
so great. And w'*in the same Porch on either side, are equally plac’d the 12
Apostles, and right ouer the Doore entring into the Church, is Christ in his
Throne between 2 cherubims, w*" are most artificially cut, and carv’d.

“On the first Arch—1. Defac’d quite. 2. Light from Chaos. 3. The Sea
from the Land. 4. The Lord sitts and beholds. 5. Hee makes ffowles. 6. Hee
makes fish. 7. Hee makes the Beasts. 8. The Spirit mouing vpon y* Water.
9, Adam made. 10. Adam sleeps, and Woman made. 11. Paradice. 12. Adam
left there. 13. Diuell tempts Eue. 14. They hide themselves. 15. God calls to
them. 16. God thrusts them out. 17. A Spade and Distaffe given. 18. Adam
digs, Eue spins. 19. Eue brings forth Cain. 20. Adam tills y* Earth. 21, 22.
Two Angells for Keepers. 23. Abell walks in y° ffeild. 24. Cain meets him.
25. Cain kills Abell. 26, 27, 28. Demolish’d quite.

“On the second Arch—1, 2. God sitts and beholds the Sins of the World. 3.
Cain is a fugitiue. 4. He comes to Hue. 5. An Angell. 6. God Deliuers Noah
y° Axe. 7. Noah workes in the Arke. 8. Eight Persons saued. 9. Abraham
offers Isaac. 10. The lamb caught in y* Bush. 11. Moses talkes w't his father.
_ 12. Moses keeping Sheep. 13. Moses and Aron Strikes y® Rocke. 14. Moses
reades y® Law to y® Elders. 15. Sampson tearing the Lion. 16. Sampson
bearing y* City Gates. 17. The Philistins puts outhiseyes. 18. Dauid rescues
the Lamb. 19. David fights wt Goliah. 20. Goliah slaine. 21. An Angell.
22, Dauid rests himself. 23. Defac’d quite. 24. Dauid walks to Bethoron.
25. David’s entertaim' there. 26,27. Demolish’d quite.

“On the third Arch—1, 2. Defac’d quite. 3. John y* forunner of Christ.
4. Michaell the Archangell. 5. The Angells comes to Mary. 6. Mary in Child-
bed. 7. The’ 3 Wisemen comes to Christ. 8. They find him. 9. Joseph,
Mary, and Christ goes into Egypt. 10. Christ curses y° flig-tree. 11. Hee
rides on an Asse to Jerusalem. 12. He eats the Passouer with his twelue
Apostles. 13. Hee is nayl’d to the Crosse. 14. Laid in the Tombe by Joseph.
15. Hee riseth againe. 16. Hee ascendeth into Heaven. 17, The Holy Ghost
descending on the Apostles. 18. Michaell ouerthrowes y°® Deuil. 19. Mary
mourning for Jesus. 20, 21, 22, 23. Demolish’d quite.

‘Within this Ancient Church are some monuments.

“On the South side of the High Altar, vnder a very ancient Tombe of ffreestone
Lyeth K. Athelstan, a royal] Benefactor, and rich endower of that famous
monastery : Hee gave order his body should be there interr’d, and to rest, for the
good successe he receiu’d from that Towne, ag*t the Danes: and for the sake of
holy St. Adelm the Hermit, who was Maidulphs Scholler,

“ Another Monum* there is of S'. George Marshall’s Lady, Daughter of S',
Owen Hopton, sometimes a Lieutenant of the Tower of London.

“The present sad ruins of that large spacious, strong and famous Abbey, on
the north side of the Church, did manifest what her beauty was in her flourishing
time.

“ After I had weary’d myselfe in beholding these sad and lamentable Ruines,
and dismal] Downfalls, I a little obseru’d the Scytuation of that small handsome,

df St 2 a

Notes, Archeological and Historical. 169

vneonquer’d Mayden Towne, and found it strongly seated on a Hill, and invironed
w* diuerse small but sweet Riuoletts.

“From thence the next day, I set forth for Burford, leauing many fayre
Houses and Parkes on both handes win ken. ffirst w'*in a Mile of Malmesbery,
a fayre House, and a goodly & large wall’d Parke of the Earle of Berkshires
(Charlton Park], and further on the Seats of dinerse worthy Knights [Oxey, #.e.,
Oaksey Park, S'. Neuill Pooles, and Ashley, S' Theobald Gorges], as I troop’d
along neere the princely Bridegroomes Spring-head of all Riuers [Isis], in this
our Island ; And at Old Ciceter where I bayted, I saw two stately fayre Buildings
of freestone; the one sometimes the noble Earle of Danby’s; the other the neat
Abbey [S', William Masters’s].

“ Here I view’d a stately old built Church, with an entrance of fifteen paces, a
fayre long Porch, and in her very neat and hansome seats, for those two head
Houses of that Towne: and another for S' Anthony Hungerford.”

Hint DEvERILL.

— ore

In taking notes for the drawing of the old building at Hill Deverill which
| appeared in Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xxvii., p, 271, I carefully examined the
arms in the niche over the entrance. Although very much mutilated they are
clearly intended for Ludlow impaling Bulstrode, thus giving us the date of the
building within thirty years, as John Ludlow, who married Philippa, daughter
and heiress of William Bulstrode, of London, succeeded his father, John, about
_ 1488, and died before 1519. (Ludlow Pedigree, Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xxvi.,p. 1.)
H., BRaksPEAR.

WitiiAmM HIsELAND.

(Froma note left by the late James Waylen.)

4 Among the combatants on the Parliament's side at Edgehill was a Wiltshire-
man who afterwards attained celebrity by extraordinary longevity. This was
William Hiseland (Hazeland ?), born in the year 1620, during James the First’s
reign, and dying in 1732, in the reign of George II.. He commenced his military
career at. the early age of 13, probably in the Earl of Pembroke’s militia ; he
fought his way all through the Civil Wars, and was with William of Orange's
army in Ireland, and closed his foreign services in the Flanders campaign under
the renowned Duke of Marlborough. Hither in active duty or as an invalid he
bore arms for the extraordinary period of eighty years. The Duke of Richmond
and Sir Robert Walpole, in consideration of his long services, each a!lowed him
a crown a week for some time before his death. The old man helped himself in
mother way, having had three wives in the course of his life ; his last marriage
was contracted the year before his death, viz., 9th August, 1731. A picture of
tim taken at the age of 110 is said to be still extant. His epitaph, given below,
is on his tombstone in the burial-ground of Chelsea Hospital, See Faulkner's
COU nt of Chelsea,

170 Notes, Archeological and Historical.

“Here rests WinL1am HIsELanp,
A veteran if ever soldier was ;
Who merited well a pension
T£ long services be a merit :

Having served upwards of the days of man.
Antient, but not superannuated,
Engaged in a series of wars
Civil as well as foreign ;

Yet not maimed or worn out by neither.
His complexion was florid and fresh,
His health hale and hearty,

His memory exact and ready.
In stature he excelled the military size ;
In strength surpassed the prime of youth.
And what made his age still more patriarchal ;
When above one hundred years old,
He took unto him a wife.
Read—fellow soldiers, and reflect
That there is a spiritual warfare
As well as a warfare temporal.
Born 6 August, 1620 t Aged 112.”

Diep 7 February, 1732 W. Connteaul

CatnE. Priacve Orper. (1664?)

“ Forasmuch as y° Sicknesse of y° Plague doth soe exceedingly encrease within
y® Citties of London Westm’. & Borough of Southwarke & y* pishes adjoyning,
as it hath occasioned the Kings Ma* to withdraw his Royall pson from his
Pallaces of Whitehall & Hampton Court & to Reside in our County, & whereas
y° Towne & pish of Calne (by reason of its lying much in the Road betweene

London & Bristoll) may be apt to take infection. These are in his Ma*** name ©

to Authorize & Require you to appoynt 2 honest antient women of good carriage
inhabiting w™ the said pish of Calne to be Searchers & y‘ you present them to
some Justice of the Peace for this County to be sworne, y* if any sicknesse should
happen within your said Towne or pish (w" God prevent) shall search & view y®
bodies of such dying, to discover the quality of y* Disease & thereof to make
certificate ; and for that Annoyances are chiefe Occasion of Infection, you are to
remoue or cause to be remoued out of your Towne, or w ly neere the High
waies all Noysome things of that Nature, & particularly to cause forthwith to be
decently interred y* body of Henry Girdler lately deceased within y* pish of Calne
aforesaid, least the omission thereof (his carcase being very corpulent) turne
much to the prejudice of the Health of your Towne & pish, And heereof fayle
not at your prills. Given &c.”

fThe original of the above order is written on a small 8vo sheet of paper, and
seems to be a contemporary draft or copy of an official document. It is not
signed or dated. It is communicated by Mr. F. Haverfield, of Christ Church,
Oxford, who received it from Mr. Willimot, of Bromham, Probably it originally
belonged to the Bayntuns.—Ep. ]

‘

‘SF

Notes, Archeological and Historical.

171

Barnston Monument 1n Sauispury CATHEDRAL.

Since writing

the note in vol. xxvii.,

p. 315, of the Magazine, I see that in

Price’s Salisbury Cathedral (1774) the author states that in his time (he died in

1753) Mary Barnston’s monument was in the Lady Chapel.

I gather from this

that when Wyatt destroyed the Hungerford and Beauchamp Chapels at the end
of the last century, and panelled the Lady Chapel with fragments of the former,
this monument was removed, together with her husband’s hatchment, to their

~ present position. Price adds that Dr. Barnston was buried in the Lady Chapel,

and that on his gravestone was this inscription :—
“ Vixit
J. Barnston, D.D., P.PSV:

Mutavit Szcula
Non obiit.”

E. E. Doruine.

Tur ADVOWSON OF BLuNSDON Sr. ANDREW.

“Tnt’ Robtum de Hungerford quer
p. Ricm de Wamberge positum loco suo
ad Incrandu &c et Robtum de Horputte
et Agn ux’em eius defore de medietate
unius acre terre cum ptin in Blontesdon
seint Andreu et aduocacione ecclie eius-
dem ville vnde pltm conuencois sum fuit
int’ eos, &e. Scilt qa pdei Robtus de
Horputte et Agn recogn p’deam medie-
tate cum ptin et aduocaconem p’deam
esse jus ip’ius Robti de Hungerford. Et
illas remiserunt et quietum clam de ipis
Robto de Horputte et Agn et her ipius
Agn p'dco Robto de Hungerford et her
suis imppm. et p. hac recognicone re-
missione quieta clam fine, &c. idem

Robtus de Hungerford dedit p’dcis

Robto de Horputte et Agnes decem

‘Marcas argenti.

“E. xv. pasch anno xiiij° dies dat est
eis de cap Cyr suo in g*tino Sci Johis.

Et Robtus et Agn pro lo suo Johem de

Crickkelade. Wyltes.”

(Translation). “ Between Robert de
Hungerforde plaintiff by Richard de
Wanberge his attorney, and Robert de
Horputte andAgnes his wife defendants,
of the moiety of one acre of land with
its appurtenances in Blontesdone Seint
Andrew and the advowson of the Church
of that vill ; of which a plea of covenant
was taken between them, &c., to wit that
the said Robert de Horputte and Agnes
acknowledge the said moiety with its
appurtenances and the said advowson to
be the right of the same Robert de
Hungerford; and have remitted and
quit-claimed them for the same Robert
de Horputt and Agnes, and the heires
of the said Agnes!; to the aforesaid
Robert de Hungerford and his heirs for
ever. And for this recognisance re-
mission, quit-claim, fine, &c., the same
Robert de Hungerford hath given to the
aforesaid Robert de Horputte and Agnes
ten marks of silver.

“ From the quindenes of Easter in the
14th year [of King Edward II.?] a day
is given to them to take their indentures
until the morrow of St. John. And
Robert and Agnes have placed in their
stead [appointed as their attorney] John
de Crickkelade. Wyltes.”’

This shows that the half-acre and advowson were the inheritance of Agnes.
vol. XXVIII.—NO. LXXXIII.

N

172 Notes, Archeological and Historical.

[The above copy of a Latin deed and its translation is endorsed :—‘ Cirograph
temp. Edwd. IInd. The advowson of the Church of Blundesdon Saint Andrew
near Swindon, Wilts. I gave the original to my cousin, George Akerman, of
Blunsdon in 1845. J. Y. Afkerman.”] It is now in the Society’s Museum—
“ Cuttings and Scraps, O.”]

Devizes CastLte Moat.

The Devizes Gazette, February 28th, 1895, has a letter on “ Norman Devizes,”
by Mr. H. G. Barrey, discussing Mr. Waylen’s account of the Castle, and stating
that the railway tunnel is cut in the made soil of a huge ditch—a “ Belgic
Ditch”’—now filled up. The lines are laid, he says, 45ft. below the present
bottom of the ‘‘ moat,” and yet the “ Engineer is said to have reported that in
no case had his work touched the bottom of the trench.”

OpreninG oF Barrows, &c., NEAR Haxon.

In June, 1851, I opened a long barrow east of Combe, about half-a-mile from
Beach’s Barn, and nearly south-west from Everleigh Church, which had been
ploughed over for some years, and reduced in height to little more than 4ft.
There was no central interment, but at the east end we found a very great heap
of large flints, beneath which were many skeletons in complete disorder. A
perfect lower jaw with sixteen teeth was brought away. With only two men it
was impossible to examine the barrow in the day, so it was reluctantly left.

In September, 1894, I visited the neighbourhood again, hoping thoroughly to
complete the examination. On this occasion Mr. B. H. Cunnington and Col.
Dunn were present. We were wrongly directed to a large barrow under culti-
vation on Haxon Down. In this a considerable section was made without
definite results, but on the floor of the barrow there was an abundance of wood
ashes, and scattered throughout the earth were numerous flint-flakes, with some
good examples of scrapers, also, just under the surface, a large four-sided conical
weapon or bludgeon.' The evidence was in favour of its being a cremated in-
terment. On the following morning we were again disappointed. A barrow
under cultivation, three-fourths of a mile east of Combe, was attempted, and this
proved to be a round barrow which had been previously opened ; near the centre
were many portions of a skeleton, and a fragment of thick Ancient British urn.
On the afternoon of the same day we were directed by Mr. Burry to a field about
two hundred yards south of Beach’s Barn, and adjoining the o/d Salisbury and
Devizes Road, where large flints were frequently ploughed up, and where, ex-
tending over several acres, there are indistinct traces of long angular banks, and
much general irregularity of the surface, showing that there had been former
occupation. In two excavations on this spot we soon had abundant evidence of
a Romano-British station. Every shovelfull of earth contained fragments of
pottery, stone roofing-tiles, brick-tiles, flat-headed nails, &c., with occasional
pieces of, Samian- ware, though genuine examples were rare. The pottery was

(OS Se ee

1 These implements are now in our Museum.

Notes, Archeological and Historical. 1738

mostly of a common kind, with much of the smother-kiln, black variety, also
some imitation Samian. Oyster shells were abundant (none of the “ real
natives ”) and a few shells of Mytilus edulis, so common on our coasts. These
are of interest. Have they been before found in connection with Romano-
British antiquities? There were teeth and bones in abundance of the ordinary
domestic animals, horse, ox, sheep, hog, &c. In one of the holes, at a depth of
24ft., there was a level space paved with stone tiles, mostly of oolitic rock.

This spot would doubtless yield abundant remains of the ancient inhabitants,
if carefully and thoroughly examined.

———— aC TC ee, eee

W. CunNINGTON.

MS. Accounr or Excavations 1n WILTs.

May 10th, 1894. “The President, Sir Augustus Wollaston Franks, exhibited
and presented [to the Library of the Society of Antiquaries, London] William
Cunnington’s account of the excavations he made for Sir Richard Colt Hoare in
the Barrows of Wiltshire, with notes by Sir R. C. Hoare and others, in five folio
volumes in manuscript, from the Stourhead Library.”—From Proceedings Soc.
Ant. Lond., 2nd Series, vol. xv., No. II.

|

_PERAMBULATION OF Parr oF THE GREAT PARK OF FASTERNE,
IN THE PartsH oF Woorron Bassett, 1n May, 1602.

(Copied from the original document in the Wilts Museum, at Devizes, and printed

in Swindon Advertiser, June 5th, 1886.)

“A noot [note] of the perambulation on Braden’s syed on Mondaye, the 18th
of Maye, 1602, going and vewing the boundes and meres deviding the mannors
_ of Wotton and Brynkworthe of the west syed, going directlye by the bounds
and meares as the moost eldest and auncient men hath knowen and hard [heard]
_ tyme aught of mynde, and how it was used sythens [since] and befoure the great
park was dysparked, as also what their foore-fathers hathe tould them when
_ they were children going the perambulation, whoes names are underwritten with
_ their agges :—

John Bathe 80 yeares Thomas Phelps 76 yeares
Richard Baithe 80 © Thomas Robyns 100
John Gault 80 Thomas Baethe 70
William Henlye 76 Richard Iles 60
Thomas Haskyns 66 William Webb 56
Christr. Witnan 77 John Shurmur 60

E [mprimis, the first daye going the perambulation from Wotton to ' Broadwayes

¥ 1“ Broadways gaat” stood where the cottages belonging to Sir H. B. Meux,
Bart., are built in Whitehill Lane; the road at this place greatly widens down to
Hooker’s Gate. ‘ Woak” or “ Oak-Hay” means an enclosure of oaks. The
elds are now called “ Hookers,” corrupted, no doubt, from “ Oak-Hay.” This

was the place where.“ the Duke had his way forthe,” but whether it was intended
. N 2

174 Notes, Archeological and Historical.

gaat thorough Whitehill, whoakhayes and woakhayes meadow, passing into a
ground lately inclosed ought of the common (in Brinkworth parish), by Sir
Henry Knyvett dyrection or some of his offycers as we have hard at which plasse
it ys sayed by thees old men, as they have hard their foorfathers saye, the Duke
had his waye forthe there by a gaat called faoffe gaat, and from that the pram-
bulation went dyrectlye in the ought syde [outside] of the parcke as the waye
lyethe to the sand pyttes at the fur corner of the great parcke on Brinkworth
hill, and from thence along the waye deviding the mannor of Wotton and Mughall
on the northe syde to a Crosse at hie gaat which stands the dystance from the

to mean the Duke of York or Somerset is not known, but probably the former,
There are some depressions in the ground at the corner of the park on Brinkworth
Hill, which were probably the “sand pyttes.”—The “Cross at hiegaat”’ must
have stood near Mr. Tuck’s farm-house. At Highgate was the entrance from
Fasterne Park to Brayden Forest, and on the 4th of June, 1549, Mr. John
Berwick, Steward to the Protector Somerset, (vide Longleat Papers, Wilts Arch.
Mag,., vol. xiv.), wrote to Sir John Thynne informing him that he had just then
put into Brayden, from Fasterne, five hundred deer, of which a great part were
inferior ones, or ‘‘rascalls’’—the reason being that grass in that year was re-
markably early. There is a field still called “ Gaderafte.” From Baynard’s Ash.
the boundary of the park went along the ridge towards Wootton Bassett, where
there is, or was, a walk called the “ Row Dow,” thence at the back of the houses
in Victory Row, across the bottom of Wood Street, and the Butt Hay, to where
the hedge divides Mr. F. Weston’s property from Sir Henry Meux’s, across the
upper part of Whitehill Lane, and on the high ground to the Great Western
Railway, which it crossed, and down to the brook below Hunt’s Mill. It then
went up to Fastern Wilderness. There was another old or inner park, which
included about forty acres of Whitehill Farm, Old Park Farm, the Hart or
Half’s Farm, and part of Hunt's Mill Farm. On the west side the stream from
Tockenham and Lyneham divided the Wootton Bassett and Grittenham manors.
Near Hooker’s Gate is “ Brynning’s” or Browning’s Bridge, which bridge is
mentioned in the oldest known perambulation of the ancient forest of Braden,
that commenced there. The “ Quene Anne” must have been Anne of Cleves, or
Anne Boleyn.

The late Canon Jackson kindly sent to the writer the following extract from
the Register of the Protector Somerset’s Estates in Wilts (when Viscount
Beauchamp, 1540), copied from the original at Longleat :—“ There is in the said
mannor [of Midghall] a certain wood called Calo-wood, and contaynith 100 acres,
in the which grow bryers, furze, and thornes, with young okes, and the tenants
say that from Ward's lane unto the east part of the parke called Fasterne Parke,
the Queen [Katherine Parr] shall have the breadthe of an acre and a halfe of
the said wood to mayntayn the hedge of the said parke.” The site of the house
of the Ranger of Fasterne Park is known, being on the north side of the
Thunderbrook, on Whitehill Farm, and rather more than a quarter of a mile to
the east of Dovey’s Bridge. There was a deep moat round it, which enclosed
an area of about half-an acre of land, the fertility of which still strangely con-
trasts with the barrenness of that by which it is surrounded. Callow Hill is
at the corner of the great park at Brinkworth,

Notes on Natural History. = 1%

-
q
great parcke mound some fyve perche or lugge, and soe all the waye sometimes
j moore from thence along the waye where standithe a great woorke which it is
supposed was left for a meare [boundary] deviding and standing between
af Mughall and Wotton’s wood which was called the Ragge that Syr John Danvers
fellyd [felled] belonging to Wotton, so along to Gadcrafte corner, where divers
_ dothe say that a mearston lyinge within the shoore of the dyche by gaderafte,
deviding the mannor of Wotton and Mughall so as Mughall had nothing to doe
withought the ' eyther between Braydene lane and Shropshire marsh for Wotton
dothe macke and mayntayne all the waye, and it was ever called Quene Anne's
waye by which they hathe by theyre passing to Braydene, and all other men
hathe and not other waies these witnesses before mentioned further saye that
they know one John Munte and John Streete, Thomas Ledlens, John Trowe,
Richard Baithe were workmen to kepe and mend the great parcke hedge and
bound from Baynard’s Ashe lane and well to near Brinkworthe Hill, and alwaies
dyd shroud and cut theyre fuell for that purpose along all the Raage on Braden’s
syde, alwaies taking so much skoop [scope] from the hedge as a man could
through a hatchet, and for tryall, John Mountaine being one of the workmen,
dyd through his hatchet eight lugge [eight poles], and so dyd Thomas Roodwaye
and three others, which was ever held for a certayne distance how far they myght
cut the fuell wy thought [without] denyall, and so held and mayntayned time
ought of mynde, and these workmen were payde for there worke by one Mr.
Predye being then Raynger to the great parcke under Sir Henry Long, who was
for the Kyng [viz., Edward V1.]. Itm. further they sayeth that they know one
_ Christopher Robins was great unkell to William Robins, now one of your
___tennants at Baynard’s Ashe, and John Skeet father to William Skeet of the
same place, were always warned to the fence court, and did ever serve in the
Jurye, and so theyre predecessors tyme ought of mynde, and no exception of
Wotton for theyre common of Braden untill of laut time.”
W. F. Parsons.

ey ay °

Alotes on Alatural PHistory.

F : -Aurernatine Generations: a Biological Study of Oak Galls and
Gall Flies; By Hermann Adler, M.D. Schleswig. Translated
and edited by Charles R. Straton, F.R.C.S., Ed., F.E.S., with.
q ‘illustrations. Oxford, at the Clarendon Press. 1894. (Price
y 10s. 6d.) Cr. 8vo, pps. xl. and 198.

A Everyone knows the oak apple, but how many people know anything of the
life history of the insect by which that well-known gallis formed? It has long
ES sill iil ae tah em a bn ua ella lt en

‘ +“ yther” means hedge. ‘Eder breche” is an old term for hedge-breaking.
_ The tradition of throwing the hatchet was handed down, and known, before the
‘discovery of this old document,

[+

176 Notes on Natural History.

been known that the different galls on the oak—of which the ‘‘ oak apple” is the
best known and most conspicuous form—are due to the action of the larve of
different species of flies, but until within the last few years no one suspected that
the life history of these flies forms one of the most marvellous stories in Nature
—so marvellous, indeed, that if the facts had not been verified beyond the shadow
of a doubt by the patient researches of English and German naturalists, more
especially by those of Dr. Hermann Adler, of Schleswig, they would seem to be
incredible, so contrary are they to what are by most people regarded as the
universal laws of Nature. It is not so much because these facts constitute a
singularly fascinating chapter in natural history for the entomologist, as on
account of the important bearing which they have upon the theories of Weismann
as to heredity, and on other biological questions of the highest interest, that Mr.
C. R. Straton, F.R.C.S., and F.E.S., of Wilton, has translated Dr. Adler’s
monograph on the gall flies of the oak, and has added to it a learned introduction
of forty pages of his own.

To explain this let us see what Dr. Adler tells us of the life history of the
beautiful gall often seen on the leaf of the oak, of the size of a marble, yellow,
streaked and mottled with red. This gall (Dryophanta scutellaris) is always
attached to the veins on the under side of the leaf. It appears in July, matures
in October, and the fly emerges from the gall in December, January, or February,
according to the weather. The flies only live a few days, and the difficulty
hitherto has been to bridge over the gap between January—when the perfect
insect appears—and July—when the gall containing the infant larva just hatched
from the egg first begins to show on the vein of the oak leaf. How is the egg
laid on the leaf? Dr. Adler has solved the mystery by hatching out flies from
the galls and keeping them carefully under control and examination. “I had
kept a large quantity of galls out of doors through the winter, and in January
the flies began to take flight. I put them on a little oak tree indoors, and
observed that after a few days they began to oviposit, choosing the little adven-
titious buds that were on the stem. The buds were pricked in the following
manner. The fly reared itself, directing its ovipositor to the point of the bud,
and boring down into it perpendicularly. The fly is armed for this purpose with
a tolerably straight and strong ovipositor. Some time is required to complete
the act of ovipositing and the fly usually stands half an hour in the pricking
posture. In each bud only one egg is laid. Ifa pricked bud is examined it will
be seen that the egg lies at the base ofthe budaxis . . . . therefore it may
be predicted with certainty that a bud gall willbe the result. In my experiments
thirty-four buds were pricked between January 20th and January 26th, but it
was not until the end of April that I was able to observe the beginning of gall
formation in any of the buds. The points of the buds became dark blue, and
soon the dainty velvety galls of Spathegaster Cpe de became evident ;
by the beginning of May eleven galls developed on the tree.”

Now this gall bears no resemblance whatever to the apple-like gall from which
the fly sprung from whose egg the larva causing it was batalindd and the flies
themselves which emerge from these galls at the end of May or beginning of
June are quite different from the parent flies, so much so as to have been always
regarded as actually belonging to distinct genera, yet Dr. Adler has proved that
the flies emerging from the apple gall on the leaf in January lay the eggs from

7

+
Ny

Notes on Natural History. v7

which come the small velvety galls on the buds, and that the flies emerging from
those velvety bud galls in May lay the eggs on the leaf from which come the
apple galls in July. Dr. Addler has thus established the connexion of these two
forms. And by the same careful experiments in each case he has proved that
the rule holds good in the case of some twenty species of gall flies which live on
the oak. In every case there are two forms appearing at different times, forming
galls with no resemblance to each other, and often resembling each other very
little in the perfect insect. He finds that in the species in which this rule of
‘alternating generations” holds good the child is never like its parents either
in form or life history, but always like its grandparents. And with this
astounding fact is connected another no less remarkable—that in one of these
generations “ parthenogenesis ” is the invariable method of reproduction—the
whole of that generation consisting of female flies alone—whilst in the other
generation sexual reproduction takes place in the ordinary way, male and female
flies being produced equally from the galls. In a few species, however, this
alternating generation does not occur—and ‘‘ these propagate themselves in an
unbroken succession of generations in the female sex’’—the galls in this case
being all alike.

An analogous but even more complex case is that of the liver-fluke which
caused such widespread destruction among sheep in Wiltshire many years ago.
Its life history is given by Dr. Straton as follows :—“ The liver-fluke of the sheep
gives rise to an active ciliated aquatic embryo, which, after a time, pierces and
enters a water-snail to become a passive sporocyst ; from its germ cells rediae-are
formed within the sporocyst, and after several asexual generations they give
rise to minute cercarie which leave the snail and creep up the stalks of grass ;
here they become encysted, are eaten, and grow within the sheep to become adult
sexual flukes.”

Altogether the book with its appendices containing a synoptical table of gall
flies, a bibliography of the subject, a good index, and two folding coloured plates
containing excellent figures of forty-two species of oak galls, forms an invaluable
and most complete monograph of the subject of which it treats, though the

dissertations in the introduction and in the later chapters of the work are not
precisely light or easy reading.
E. H. Gopparp.

PHENOMENON OBSERVED aT Kineston Devertty, 1822.
(From Salisbury and Winchester Journal, May 20th, 1822.)

“ On Monday se’nnight during a thunderstorm and shortly after its commence-
ment, a particularly dark and heavy cloud was observed by the inhabitants of
Kingston Deverell, on the west of the village; it sent forth a kind of spout, of
a much lighter colour, in an oblique direction towards the earth. After various
bendings and contortions like those of the proboscis of an elephant, though no
wind was stirring in the lower regions, it extended itself rapidly in length, and
as it approached nearer the earth its motion resembled that of a pendulum, but

still increasing in celerity of vibration, till the lower end reached the hill on the
. south-west of the village, between it and Mere, and not above half a mile distant

178 Notes on Natural History.

from the Church of Kingston Deverill. It now exhibited the singular appearance
of a transparent tube of about 3 feet in diameter at the lower end where it
' touched the ground, but much greater at the upper end where it joined the cloud
from which it proceeded, and certainly considerably more than a mile in length.
The two ends appeared nearly stationary, but the middle part still remained
flexible, and bending in all directions, sometimes almost to a right angle. The
spectators, who were numerous, were naturally alarmed, and expected some
catastrophe, at least a sudden discharge of water, by means of the spout, which
in the vale where the village is situated, might have been attended with serious
consequences, but no such circumstance occurred. It continued for upwards of
twenty minutes during which it moved, being drawn perhaps by the motion of
the cloud, over a field of wheat, in a rather zig-zag direction, towards the Church,
for about 150 yards. In addition to the external motion above mentioned the
spout appeared to those who had the best opportunities of observing it, to be
internally agitated, as if by a strong current of air, or some other fluid rushing
down it in a spiral direction ; while at the lower end, a cloud of dust or smoke
was thrown up to some height in the air. What the precise nature of this was I
have not been able to ascertain. Some of the spectators imagined it to have been
dust blown up by a strong wind from the spout, while others describe it as a
thick smoke or steam. It had in its slow progress almost reached the inclosures
near the Church, when it suddenly withdrew and disappeared. 1t was remarked
that an under cloud was at this moment approaching very near the upper part of
it; and if I may be allowed to conjecture, I should say that this under cloud
destroyed the phenomenon by acting as an electrical conductor. I cannot learn
that any noise or rushing was heard. The young wheat over which the spout
passed was marked by a darker colour than the rest of the field, and this ap-
pearance remained visible for several days; the next storm of rain, however,
restored it to its original colour.”
T. H. Baxzr.

Stormy Perret (Procellaria pelagica) at Salisbury.

In the Salisbury Journal of November 17th, 1894, it is stated that a male
specimen of this bird was picked up in an exhausted state at Salisbury by Mr.
Piggott, a milkman, and was stuffed by Mr. G. White, of Fisherton.

A Siap oF Uprrr GREENSAND FROM THE Biackpown Beps.

In the cabinet of fossils bequeathed by the late Canon Jackson to the Society
is a small slab from the Blackdown beds of the Upper Greensand which is worthy
of a short notice in the Magazine.

The slab of light grey fine-grained sandstone with a few scales of mica,
measuring 10in. by 5in., and nearly a regular oblong in shape, varying from
iin, to Sin. in thickness, is completely covered on one side by a most remarkably

we

Notes on Natural History. 179

well-preserved set of fossils. Their great number and variety induced Mr, W.
Cunnington, F.G.S., to send it to the British Museum, in order that the fossils
might be named and identified. This has been done and the slab returned with
a full list of the fossils, as given below :—

1,—Vermicularia concava, Sow. 10.—Dimorphosoma (Aporrhais)
2.—Cardium Hillanum, Sow. calcarata, Sow.
3.—Corbula elegans, Sow. 11.—Turritella costata, Sow.
4.—Cytherea caperata, Sow. 12.—Zurritella granulata, Sow.
6.—Trigonia. 13.— Dentalium.

6.—Venus sublevis, Sow. 14.—Avellana incrassata, Mont.
7.—Astarte formosa, Sow. 15.—Area, or Cucullea.
8.—Actéon affinis, Sow. 16.—Eaxogyra conica, Sow.

9.—Littorina gracilis, Sow.
W. Hewaerp BELL.

Pleiosaurus macromerus (?) FROM THE KimEeripGE Cray or Swinpon,

In the spring of 1894 our Society received a letter from our Local Secretary—
Mr. Shopland—stating that the remains of a large Saurian had been discovered
in the clay pits of the Swindon Brick and Tile Company, and that the company
would make it over to us if we would arrange for its removal. Accordingly Mr.
W. Heward Bell and myself proceeded to Swindon to inspect the beast. We
found that a considerable quantity of bones had been already dug out and had
been carefully put away by the workmen. When, however, they discovered that
they had come on something like a complete skeleton, the company’s manager,
Mr. Smith—to whose care and interest in the matter the Society is much indebted
—ordered the work there to be discontinued, and the remains to be covered up to
protect them from the weather.

The skeleton was lying deep down in the great clay pit in the Kimeridge
Clay just at the foot of the hill on which Old Swindon stands. It was from this
same position that the skeleton of a very large Saurian (Omasaurus), now in
the Natural History Museum at South Kensington, was removed some years ago.

The skeleton as it lay in the clay was entirely disjointed, and had evidently
fallen completely to pieces before it was covered up at all. None of the bones
were lying in their proper positions, but they were all mixed up together, and
the more slender bones, such as the ribs, had been broken into innumerable
fragments by the pressure of the superincumbent clay. We carefully collected
the fragments of these ribs, but I was unable to put together a single complete
example, most of them having parts of their length so rotten with pyrites, &c.,
that they crumbled to pieces at a touch, whilst the same bone with one completely
rotten end would have the other end perhaps imbedded in one of the cement-like
masses of indurated clay by which the vertebrae were for the most part surrounded.
The vertebrae themselves were found scattered about like the other bones, and

lying flat in the clay separately. The whole of the bones that could be found

and got out, as well as those already excavated, we took away with us, and after
having been cleaned and mended as far as possible—a long and tedious process—
they have been placed in the Society’s Museum at Devizes.

t

180 Personal Notices of Wiltshiremen.

No trace of the head or teeth was discovered, though some of the smallest
vertebrae—if they are cervical and belong to the same animal, as apparently they
do—must have been very near the head. Nor were either of the great limb
bones, the femur or humerus, found, though there are a considerable number of
the smaller bones of the paddles—the phalanges, and metatarsal or metacarpal
bones. Two of the bones of the pelvic girdle were found cemented together, an
ischium and a pubis, measuring respectively 9$in. x 73in., and 10in. x 7}in.
Another pubis is almost complete, and there is a portion of another bone which
may be the other ischium. A pair of bones measuring 63in. in length, are
pronounced by the Jermyn Street authorities to be the iliac bones, though they
seem very small compared with the pelvic bones. Of the vertebra there are
forty-seven in all, varying in diameter from ldin. to about 53in. Arranged in
order the column measures about 7ft. The majority of them are dorsal and
cervical, with a few caudal—these latter mostly very rotten and crushed.

A good many fragments of the vertebral process occurred and some few have
been put together.

Mr. W. Cunnington, F.G.S., has been good enough to submit some of the
representative bones to the authorities of the Jermyn Street Museum, with the
result that they pronounce the animal to have been a young specimen, and
consequently difficult to identify with certainty. Itis undoubtedly a Pleiosaurus,
but whether P. Macromerus, or P. Brachydeirus is doubtful; probably it is
the former.

Although it is quite a baby in size compared with the monsters of more mature
age whose bones sometimes turn up, and although as I have said it is by no
means a complete skeleton, still, considering that it comes from the Kimeridge
Clay, a bed in which the complete skeletons so numerously found in the lias are
almost entirely unknown, it is a specimen which we may justly pride ourselves
on, as being a notable addition to the Society’s collection.

E. H. Goppaxrp.

Personal Alotices of Wiltshivemen.

Lt.-Col. John Ernlé Money Kyrle. B, 1812. Educated at Winchester,
Joined 32nd Regiment in 1832, served in Canadian Rebellion, 1836—38.

J.P. and D.L. for Herefordshire. Married, first, Harriet Louisa, d. Charles’

Sutton, of Hertingfordbury, and secondly, Ada, d. of John Symons. He
died October 29th, 1894. He was the owner of the Kyrle property at
Much Marcle, in Herefordshire, and of the Money estate of Whetham, near
Calne, Wilts. He was buried at Much Marcle. Obituary notice ia Devizes
Gazette, November Ist, 1894,

epi
wih
ae!

Personal Notices of Wiltshiremen. 181

i John Waters, of Salisbury, died January 21st, 1895, aged 81. He was well

known and much respected in Salisbury. He was Chairman of the Directors
of the Wilts and Dorset Bank, and of the Municipal Charity Trustees, and
senior Magistrate of the City Bench. He was Mayor in 1863, and took a
prominent part in many commercial undertakings connected with the City, in
addition to his own special business as an auctioneer. Obituary notices in
Salisbury Journal, January 26th, 1895; The Wilts County Mirror,
January 25th, 1895 ; and the Devizes Gazette, January 24th, 1895.

William Henry Wellesley, Second Earl Cowley. Born August 25th,

1834. Died 28th February, 1895. Buried at Draycot. Educated at Eton.

He served with the Coldstream Guards in the Crimea, 1855, and also under

Lord Clyde, in Oude, during the Indian Mutiny, 1858. He succeeded to the
title on the death of his father in 1884. In 1863 he married Emily
Gwendolin, d. of Col. Thomas Peers Williams, M.P., of Temple House,
Great Marlow. Obituary notices appeared in the Devizes Gazette, March
7th; Wilts County Mirror, March 1st; Standard, March 1st ; and other
papers.

Rev. M. Wynell-Mayow, of Braeside, Devizes. Born 1810. Died February

26th, 1895, aged 84. Student of Christ Church, Oxford. B.A., 1833 ;
M.A., 1837. Vicar of Market Lavington, 1836—60; St. Mary, West
Brompton, 1860—68 ; South Heighton and Tarring Neville, Sussex, 1868—71 ;
Southam, Warwickshire, 1871—78 ; Halstead, Kent, 1878—81. A man of
many attainments—Proctor in Convocation for the Archdeaconry of Wilts
for many years—a regular contributor to the Guwardian.—A voluminous
theological controversialist on the High Church side he published many works,
amongst them being “A Letter to the Archdeacon of Wilts on the Hampden
Controversy,” 1847 ; “ Two Letters to Mr. Maskell” ; “ Hight Sermons on
the Priesthood, Altar, and Sacrifice,’ 1867; “A Letter on the First
Report of the Royal Commission on Ritual,” 1867; ‘A Letter to Lord
Hatherley on the Deceased Wife's Sister Bill”; “An Examination of
Levitiews chap. 18 v.18”; “A Few Words on the sense of Article 29” ;
“ Law-Breakers (falsely so called): a Letter to the Rt. Hon. J. G.
Hubbard, M.P.,” 1892. He married, in 1846, Caroline, d. of Rev. A.
Smith, of Old Park, Devizes. Obituary notices in Standard, March 1st ;
Devizes Gazette, March 7th ; and Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, March, 1895.

Rey. Edward Hill. Born June 18th, 1817. Died February 2nd, 1895.

Educated at St. Edmund’s Hall, Oxford. B.A., 1839; M.A., 1842. Curate
of Charlton (Donhead), 1847—63; Vicar of Little Langford, 1863—71 ;
Rector of Wishford, 1871 until his death. Buried at Wishford. He was the
author of ‘* The Schoolroom Book of Praise and Prayer.” A pronounced

_ High Churchman, much beloved in his parish and well known in the southern

part of the county. Notices in Salisbury Journal, February 9th ; Standard,
February 6th; the Salisbury Diocesan Gazette.

Yr’ ae 7k

182 Personal Notices of Wiltshiremen.

Rev. James Bliss. Died November 8th, 1894, aged 86. Educated at
Winchester and Oriel College, Oxford. B.A., 1830; M.A., 1833. Formerly
Vicar of Ogbourne St. Andrew; Vicar of St. James the Less, Plymouth,
1858—72; Rector of Manningford Bruce, 1888—1892. An industrious
contributor to Anglo-Catholic theology. Editor of The Latin and Mis-
cellaneous Works of Bishops Andrews and Beveridge, and vols. iii.—vii.
of Archbishop Laud’s Works in “ The Library of Anglo-Catholic Theology.”
Translator of vol. iiii—St. Gregory on Job—in “ The Library of the Fathers.”
He was buried at Manningford Bruce. Notice in Salisbury Diocesan
Gazette, December, 1894.

William Faweett. Alderman of Salisbury. Mayor in 1870. Brother of the
late Professor Fawcett. Born January 30th, 1828; died February 23rd,
1895 ; buried at Fisherton. Well known and widely respected in Salisbury.
Notice in Wilts County Mirror, March 1st, 1895.

George Mayo, F.R.C.S. Born at Seend, January 8th, 1807. Son of Rev.
Joseph Mayo, Curate of Seend. Practised sume years in Devizes. Emigrated
to South Australia, 1836. Held a high position as a medical man in Adelaide,
and died December 16th, 1894. A full notice of him appears in Wilts Notes
and Queries, March, 1895, with quotations from the South Australian
Register, December 17th, 1894.

George Robert Charles Herbert, Thirteenth Earl of Pembroke and

Tenth Earl of Montgomery. Baron Herbert of Cardiff, Baron Herbert
of Thursland, and Baron Herbert of Lea. Died at Bad Neuheim, after a
long illness, on May 3rd, 1895. He was the eldest son of the Rt. Hon.
- Sidney Herbert, afterwards Baron Herbert of Lea. Was born July 6th,
1850. Was educated at Eton. Succeeded his father as second Baron Herbert
of Lea in 1861, and his uncle as Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery in 1862.
From 1867 to 1871 he spent much time cruising amongst the islands of the
Pacific, with Dr. Kingsley—Charles Kingsley’s brother. “ South Sea
Bubbles, by the Earl and The Doctor,” which went through three editions,
is descriptive of these voyages. He also wrote a philosophical treatise entitled
“ Roots.’ In 1874 he married Lady Gertrude Frances Talbot, daughter of
the eighteenth Earl of Shrewsbury. In 1874-5 he was Under Secretary for
War under Mr. Disraeli, but soon resigned the post and ceased to take a
prominent part in politics. The fact that his health was never robust probably
prevented him from taking the prominent place in public affairs to which his
great abilities seemed to entitle him. Asa landlord of the most excellent type
he will be widely missed not only at Wilton but throughout South Wilts.
Obituary notices have appeared in the Salisbury Journal, May 4th;
Salisbury and Wilton Times, May 10th (special supplement with portrait
and view of Fugglestone Church) ; 1/lustrated London News (with portrait),
May llth; Guardian, May 8th; Black and White (with portrait) ;
Saturday Review, May 25th; and The Album (with portrait and view of
Wilton House from photos), May 20th. Buried in Fugglestone Churebyard,

Personal Notices of Wiltshiremen.. 183

William Saunders, M.P. Died May 1st, 1895. Son of Mr. A. E. Saunders,
of Market Lavington, farmer and miller. Was born 1823, and educated at
Devizes Grammar School. For some time connected with large quarries near
Bath, he in 1860 established at Plymouth the Western Morning News, and
at Hull in 1864 the Hustern Morning News. He also was the proprietor of the
Central News Agency. He was elected a member of the London County
Council in 1883 and 1892, and became M.P. for East Hull in 1885, and for
Walworth in 1892. He was a Radical in politics, though he could and did
take an independent course when he felt it right to do so. He wrote on
various subjects connected with social and political matters, publishing “ The
New Parliament of 1880” ; “ The Land Laws” ; “ Mr. Hare's System of
Representation,” and a volume of travels “ Through the Light Continent.”
Obituary notices in Standard, May 2nd, and Illustrated London News
(with portrait), May 11th.

Rev. Bryan King. B.A., Oxon (B.N.C.), 1884; M.A., 1837. Fellow of
B.N.C., 1835—43. Perpetual Curate, St. John’s, Bethnal Green, 1837—4l ;
Rector of St. George’s-in-the-Hast, 1842-62 ; Vicar of Avebury, 1863—94,
Died January 30th, 1895, aged 83. An article in the Guardian of February
6th, 1895, signed Thomas Hughes, and entitled “ Bryan King and Septimus
Hansard,” recalls what the author justly styles “ perhaps the most incredible
chapter in the recent history of our Church”—the notorious riots at St.
George’s-in-the-Hast in 1859—60, consequent on the introduction of certain
points of ritual by Mr. Bryan King, who was then Vicar. Obituary notices
appeared in the Z/dustrated London News, Standard, Church Times, and

. Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, March, 1895.

Edmund Grove Bennett. Died suddenly March 12th, aged 54. Of the
firm of Bennett Brothers, proprietors of the Salisbury and Winchester
Journal, which has attained a high position among provincial newspapers
under his direction. Much respected in Salisbury. Buried in the Cloisters.
Notices in Salisbury Journal; Wilts County Mirror, March 15th;
and Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, April, 1895.

CO. KE. H. Hobhouse, M.P., for Devizes Division of Wilts. Portraits of
him as mover of the address in the House of Commons appeared in the
Illustrated London News, February 2nd, and the Penny Illustrated
Paper, February 9th, 1895.

_ Successful Wiltshiremen Abroad. Under this heading the Devizes

- Gazette of August 8th, 1894, quotes from the Pontiac Gazette a notice of

e the career of two of the most prominent business men in Pontiac, U.S.A.—

g John Pound, who emigrated from this county in 1857, and Thomas Turk,
born at Bremhill in 1820,

184

Alotes on Wiltshire Books, €e.

“The Fifth Series of Wiltshire Rhymes and Tales in the Wiltshire
Dialect,” by Edward Slow, Wilton, N.D. [1895], pp. 150.

This volume, which is, we believe, the first book that has ever been
entirely printed, bound, and published at a Wilton press, contains a further
instalment of those humorous sketches in prose and verse which we have so
long been accustomed to associate with Mr. Slow’s name. The dialect in
which they are written is mainly that of South Wilts, which is well adapted
to such work as this, though hardly so racy, perhaps, as the folk-speech of
the northern part of our county. Local festivities, teetotalism and politics,
the hunting-field and the bean-feast, the aged poor and the hard measure
dealt to them—all in turn furnish Mr. Slow with a theme. We have only
space here to mention two or three of them. Among the best of the
humorous pieces is Tha Parish Council Bill, an amusing dialogue, in which
one over-sanguine rustic reckons up what he expects to get out of the act
personally—a new cottage, cow-shed, spring-cart and pony, and a hundred
things besides, while his friend plaintively wonders where the money is to come
from for it all. There is a hunting song, Tha would Grovely Vox, which
has plenty of “go” about it and a swinging chorus, and a Haymeakin
Zong which reminds us not ungracefully of William Barnes. We are glad
to see that Mr. Slow has given us some short sketches in prose this time,
including Zha Caird Pearty and tha Chimley Sweep, which deals with
a certain well-known incident in ‘‘ Passen Hootick’s ” life.

The Recollections of the Very Rev. G. D. Boyle, Dean of Salisbury.
London: Edward Arnold, 37, Bedford Street, Strand, W.C. 1895. 8vo.
Cloth. 16s. pps. xiii, and 302, with frontispiece process portrait of the
author.

Three things strike the reader with astonishment in the pages of this
interesting volume. First, the amazing number of notable men with whom
the author has been brought into more or less close contact in the course
of his life; secondly, the powers of memory which the Dean must bo
possessed of to be able to set down, as he has done, the observations and
criticisms made by one after another of these men twenty, or thirty, or
forty years ago; and thirdly, the remarkable fact that apparently not one
of this mixed multitude ever did or said anything that was in any way
unkind or disagreeable. As the son of the Lord Justice General of
Scotland the Dean in his boyhood saw and knew most of the lights of
literary society in Edinburgh—including Sir Walter Scott. Later on as
boy at. Charterhouse he enjoyed unusual advantages again in becoming
acquainted with many of the well-known men of letters of that day in
London. At Oxford he numbered amongst his friends the men best worth
knowing in the university—and through all his after life as Vicar of St.
Michael’s Handsworth, and of Kidderminster, and as Dean of Salisbury,
he seems never to have lost touch with the multitude of friends eminent in

Notes on Wiltshire Books, Se. 185

literature or in the Church with whom he has become acquainted in the
course of his life. He does not tel! us much about any of these—a sketch
of character admirably given—a criticism of a poem or a book—a remark
made in conversation at a dinner party—and he passes on to the next,
leaving the reader often longing to hear more. His heroes are literary men,
and their talk is for the most part of literature—but occasionally a good
story is allowed to slip in, as in the case of a singularly excellent anecdote
of Rogers and Wordsworth, for which the Dean, however, immediately
afterwards as it were apologises by saying that he has an “immense store”’
of such sayings of Rogers’—which, however, he refrains from giving us.
The book is charmingly written—the Dean has never a hard word to say
of anybody—and the only bad thing about it is the colour of the cover he
has chosen to clothe it in.

It has been favourably reviewed in The Times, February 21st; Standard,
February 13th; Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, March; Daily Telegraph,
February 15th, 1895.

Memorials of the Danvers Family (of Dauntsey and Culworth),
their ancestors and descendants from the Conquest till the termi-
nation of the Highteenth Century, with some account of the
alliances of the family and of the places where they were seated :

by F. N. Macnamara, M.D., Surgeon-Major (retired), Indian Army.
London: Hardy & Page, 21, Old Buildings, Lincoln’s Inn. 1895. 8vo.
Cloth. pps. xxvi. and 562. Price to subscribers, £1 1s.

This book is a mine of genealogical information. The British Museum,
the Record Office, the muniments of several of the colleges at Oxford, the
Register of Thame Abbey, at Longleat—not to speak of endless other sources
of information, original and printed, have evidently been diligently searched.
The amount of labour that this involved must have been immense, and the
result is a storehouse of information on everything and everybody connected
in any way with the family of Danvers. The places where they held
_ property and the Churches in which they were buried are all described.
The pedigree of their wives is traced whenever possible. Even the probable
circumstances of their lives are dwelt upon, and the events of general history
with which they happened, even in the remotest way, to be connected are set
forth at length. The line traced is that of the Buckinghamshire and Oxford-
shire Danvers. and the family is derived from Auvers in the Cotentin—though

_ the evidence in favour of this particular Auvers out of many places of the
_ name in France seems inconclusive. D’Alvers appears to have been the
earliest form of the name, for a Roland d’Alvers fought at Hastings. Robert
_ de Alvers occurs in Domesday, and Will. Danvers, of Tetsworth, is decided to
the author's satisfaction to be the great-great-grandson of the Conqueror’s
knight. Some of the earlier links in the chain naturally rest rather upon
- ¢onjecture—often very ingenious conjecture—than upon evidence capable of
_ actual proof; and although the information added so lavishly is in some cases
of much interest—-as, for instance, the churchwardens’ accounts of Culworth—
S rot much of it—such as the deseription of life at Winchester College—has but

186 Notes on Wiltshire Books, &e.

the slenderest connection with the subject of the book, and certainly makes it
rather hard to follow the ramifications of the family pedigree. For instance
Simon Danvers appears in the Rolls of Parliament in 1316, and at once the
author digresses for a considerable space into the reasons for the summoning
of that Parliament, and the work that it accomplished, the armour that Simon
probably wore, and the probable incidents of his journey north to Berwick.
Again, John Danvers is living at Ipswell in the time of Edward III., and we
accordingly have a long description of the kind of house in which he probably
lived and of the furniture of every room. Again, it seems hardly necessary to
describe the Houses of Parliament as they existed in 1420 at considerable
length merely because John Danvers was knight of the shire for Oxford in
that year.

The first two hundred pages are taken up with the earlier history of the
Oxfordshire family, the Danvers of Tetsworth, Bourton, Ipswell, Colthorpe,
Prescote, Culworth, and Waterstock. It is not until well on in the fifteenth
century that the family appears to have become at all connected with Wiltshire.
Thomas Danvers was M.P. for Downton in 1460. Corston (Corton in
Hilmarton) came to John Danvers circa 1425? with his wife, Joan Bruley,
and circa 1490 John Danvers married Ann Stradling, the heiress of Dauntsey,
and the family became Danvers of Dauntsey.

In describing Dauntsey Church the author gives an interesting explanation
of the probable connection of the Danvers with St. Fredismunde, Fremund, or
Frethmund, a figure of whom remained in one of the windows in Aubrey’s
time. Another interesting point is connected with the murder of Henry Long
by Sir Charles and Sir Henry Danvers, described in vols. i. and viii. of the
Wilts Arch. Mag. A new complexion seems to be put on the affair by the
petition from the Domestic State Papers here printed, in which Lady Danvers
(the mother of the offenders) describes the insolent and violent behaviour of
the Longs as provoking the affray at Corsham, in which Henry Long was
shot by Sir H. Danvers in order to save his brother’s life.

The Danvers families of Baynton, Tockenham, and Corsham are dealt with
somewhat shortly at the end of the book. Indeed the story of the Wiltshire
Danvers throughout seems hardly dwelt upon at the same length as that of
the Oxfordshire members of the family.

There are seventeen folding tables of descent, and fourteen illustrations,
amongst which are the tombs and brasses of Sir John and Ann Danvers, at
Dauntsey, and a portrait of Sir H. Danvers, Earl of Danby.

The book is excellently printed; the index at the end is a fairly full one,
and the author throughout gives us chapter and verse most religiously for all
his statements, in the copious references to authorities at the foot of every
page. It may seem invidious to find small faults in such a monument of
conscientious labour, but Tockenham should not be described as a hamlet of
Lyneham ; “ Harn,” on p. 401, should surely be “ Hartham ” ; the Bruley shield
as illustrated is Ermine, on a bend or four chevronettes gules—whilst it is
described on the next page as Ermine, on a bend gules three chevronettes or ;
and our own “ Magazine” is always referred to as the “ Wilts Archzological
Journal.”

Favourably reviewed in Zhe Genealogist, vol. xi., April, 1895. a

Notes on Wiltshire Books, &c, 187

Tho Life of Sir William Petty, 1623—1687, &c., by Lord Edmond
Fitzmaurice. London. John Murray. 1895. 8vo. pps. [15] and 335.
William Petty, born 1623, was son of aclothier at Romsey. Starting in
life as a cabin boy with absolutely nothing, he was educated at the Jesuits’
College at Caen, became Fellow of Brasenose, Oxford, and Deputy Professor of
Anatomy, and soon after Physician-General to the Army in Ireland. Here he
was appointed Secretary to Henry Cromwell, and carried out the great “ Down
Survey ” which still forms the legal title on which half the land in Ireland is
held ; in payment for which he received a large grant of land in Kerry, to which
he added by subsequent purchases. (Refusing a peerage himself, his wife was
created Baroness Shelburne by James II. Her son, Charles, Lord Shelburne,
was attainted and his estates sequestrated in 1689, but they were restored in
1690. He died without issue in 1696. The barony was revived in 1699, in
favour of his brother Henry, who was created Viscount Dunkerron and Earl of
Shelburne in 1719. ‘These titles became extinct on his death without issue
in 1751, when the estates passed to his nephew, John Fitzmaurice, the second
surviving son of Thomas Fitzmaurice, Earl of Kerry, who had married Anne,
daughter of Sir William Petty.)

Sir William Petty was a scientific man and a mechanical genius of great
attainments. He was one of the founders of the Royal Society, and he wrote
largely on what would now be called political economy—anticipating in many
respects the conclusions afterwards reached by Adam Smith and others—and
in this and other respects was largely in advance of his age. Lord Edmond
Fitzmaurice has founded the present “ Life” mainly upon the large collection
of MSS. and letters now at Bowood, which originally belonged to Sir William.
The book is well written, has a map of Ireland, a plate of Sir William’s most
notable invention—the double-bottom ship—and two admirable reproductions
of portraits—by what appears to be a new process. Favourably reviewed in
the Times, March 1st; Guardian, March 20th; Devizes Gazette, March
28th ; Standard, April 4th, 1895.

Crystallography: a Treatise on the Morphology of Crystals, by
N. Story-Maskelyne, M.A., F.R.S. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 1895.

Cr. 8vo. pps. xii. and 521, with numerous diagrams.
This is a strictly scientific work intended for students of a subject on which
the author is—to quote the Times—“ one of the first living authorities.”

d

An Historical Sketch of the Town of Hungerford, in the County of
Berks, including a List of Constables, and Extracts from their

__ Accounts, together with an Abstract of the ancient Town Records,

and other local documents, by Walter Money, F.S.A. Newbury,
1894. 8vo. Cloth. pps. 73.

Hungerford, consisting of four tithings, one of which is wholly in Wiltshire,
and another partly so, is an ancient borough by prescription, of which the chief
officer is the constable, elected yearly on Hock Tuesday (the Tuesday following

the 2nd Sunday after Easter). On this occasion certain quaint survivals of

‘VOL. XXVIII.—NO. LXXXIII. (¢)

a ae

188 Notes on Wiltshire Books, &c.

old ceremonial still exist at Hungerford. In the old days the two tithingmen
then appointed to keep watch and ward over the town “ were entitled to demand
on Hock Tuesday a penny a head from the townspeople for services rendered
during the year. The duties have long since ceased, but the emolument is still
claimed ; and the two officers parade the town, each carrying a staff tastefully
ornamented with flowers, surmounted by an orange, and bedecked with blue
ribbon. If the penny is refused, all the females in the house must submit to
be kissed by the tithingmen, who are commonly called “ Tuttimen” (Tutty=

_a nosegay). On the following Friday the court baron is held at which the
officers clect are sworn in.”

The author disclaims any idea of this little book being anything more than

its title indicates, a slight sketch ofthe history of a town which possesses an
interesting past and a great deal of documentary material which has never yet
been made use of. He gives the derivation of the name as “ Hingwar’s-ford,”
relying on the statement of the chronicler in the ‘‘ Book of Hyde,” who writes
“ After the murder of King Edmund by the Danes, the Danes Hingwar and
Hubba usurped the kingdom. Which Hingwar was drowned as he was crossing
‘a morass in Berkshire, which morass is called to this day by the people of
that county Hyngerford.” He then touches on the site of the Battle of
ZMthandune ; the manorial history and its connection with the Hungerford
family; the rectory; the old Church—destroyed in 1814—of which he gives
us a reproduction from an old print ; its monuments, &c. ; historical occurrences
as connected with the Civil War and the Revolution of 1688, &c. Then follows
an appendix, with a list of the constables from 1550, the seneschals of the
manor from 1621 an interesting series of extracts from the constables’
accounts which begin in 1658, an abstract of documents relating to the manor,
and extracts from the churchwardens’ accounts beginning in 1659. A noticeable
point about both the constables’ and the churchwardens’ accounts is the great
number of travellers and vagrants relieved, or whipped, in some cases both
whipped and relieved, which is doubtless accounted for by the situation of
Hungerford on the great western road.

In the notice of the manors and free chapels of North Standen, or Standen
Chaworth, and South Standen, or Standen Hussey—both in the county of
Wilts, though in the parish of Hungerford—the author states that the chapel
of the latter has wholly disappeared, whilst that of the former is still standing,
with most of its walls of the end of the twelfth century, intact, and now
converted into a barn. An extract from the Report of the Commissioners of
1819, as to the charities of Hungerford completes this very interesting

>. “sketch.”

se
2 a
=

189

Auagasine Articles, Kc, on Wiltshive Subjects.

_ Wiltshire Notes and Queries, No. 6, June, 1894, opens with the
commencement of an historical paper entitled ‘‘ Annals of Purton,” by S.J
Elyard, illustrated by a charming drawing of the Church from the south-east
and a small sketch of Ringsbury Camp. The author does not give Wiltshire-
men due credit for their preservation of ancient place-names when he says that
the “ancient name of the forest of Braden is only perpetuated in Bradenstoke
Abbey and Braden Pond.” In truth a great part of the area of the ancient
forest is still commonly known as Braden to the dwellers in North Wilts.
This is followed by “ Wiltshiremen at C.C.C., Oxford,” containing interesting
notices of John Spenser, Augustine Cldechananeh; and John Hales with a

Sac-simile of the signature of { the latter. “ Bescre Days ’”’ occupies six pages
with not specially valuable reminiscences of London, Oxford, and Castle Combe,
by “M.” Then come five pages of a list of “ Wiltshire Wills proved in the

; Prerogative Court of Canterbury,” which when completed will be of great

assistance to genealogists. “Some old Churches in the neighbourhood of

Chippenham” and “Stanley Abbey” are a series of desultory notes of no

great value. “ Wiltshire Extracts from the Gentleman's Magazine” “The

Porch House at Potterne” (in which the remarkable statement occurs that no

such tools as the saw or plane existed when it was built!) and a series of

Queries and Replies, and Notes on Books close the number.

No. 7, September, 1894. Mr. Elyard continues his annals of Purton, and

' gives a view of Purton Street to illustrate them. “ Wiltshire Extracts from
the Gentleman's Magazine” and “ Bygone Days” are continued from the
last number. ‘Some Wiltshire Folk-lore” contains notes on quaint old
beliefs and customs quite worth preserving. T.S.M. contributes an interesting
note on the old manor-house ef Quidhampton, and “Dr. Pope’s Poem on
Sarum,” with Queries and Replies (the most interesting on the family of
Poole, of Oaksey) bring the number to an end.

No. 8, December, 1894. Mr. Elyard continues his Annals of Purton,
illustrated by a drawing of the interior of the Church. In this number he is
vecupied with the fortunes of the families of Maleward, Walerand, and Periton,
who in the thirteenth century were the principal landowners in the parish, and
with the Keynes and Paynels, who succeeded to the estates of the Peritons.

Then follow eight pages of “ Wiltshire Wills,” and a note on George and Jane
Chandler, Quakers, who emigrated in 1687, from somewhere in the Pewsey
Vale, and—if American papers are to be believed—founded a clan in the States
which now numbers upwards of three thousand members. Recollections of
Bygone Days, which are continued by M.E.Z., do not contribute much to our
knowledge of Wiltshire. The five pages of Extracts from the Gentleman’s
Magazine include an interesting story of one Mary Smith, of Devizes, who

0 2

190 Magazine Articles, &c.

shipped to America in 1744 as a boy. Notes on Salisbury Cathedral, on a
Poll Book of 1705, Queries and Replies on various subjects, and Notes on
Books complete the number.

No. 9, March, 1895, opens with an account and an illustration of the Old

Timber House in Wine Street Alley, Devizes, which it seems likely may be
shortly pulled down. ‘“Blagden House,” Keevil, is mentioned as a timber
house of the same character—but the well-known house at Keevil is not
“Blagden House,” as this is built of stone. Five pages of Wiltshire Wills
and six of Extracts from the Gentleman’s Magazine follow. Then a couple
of pages of Mr. Elyard’s Annals of Purton, with a nice drawing of the
Postern Door at Lord Clarendon’s. The abduction of Miss Smith at Broad
Somerford, in 1774, is a curious story of the last century. Notes on the
Chandler Family, and on the position of “Kingsbridge,” from which the
hundred takes its name, follow. ‘“T.S.M.” has been at considerable pains to
trace the exact position of the bridge, and believes, on the authority of Mr.
Henry Simpkins, of Lyneham, that the bridge crossing the brook at Shaw
Neck, on the road from Bushton to Calne, is the spot. Mr. Simpkins says
that seventy years ago that spot was pointed out to him as the place from which
the hundred was named. Another interesting note is that by Mr. Parsons on
a volume of poems by Mrs. Marian Dark, daughter of Mr. Henry Stiles, of
Whitley, Calne, published in 1818. Queries and Replies on various subjects
and an obituary notice of George Mayo follow.

Capt. Hopewell Hayward Budd, R.N.: a Biographical Sketch.

Cr. 8vo. This little pamphlet is a recent reprint of a notice which appeared in
the “ Devizes and North Wilts Gazette” November 22nd, 1869, together
with an account of the Chippenham Ploughing Match from the same paper in
1844, and letters from Admiral. Sir William Sidney Smith in 1812, pressing
Lieut. Budd’s claim to promotion for long and active service in Egypt, at
Acre, at Scylla, and elsewhere, on the notice of Lord Melbourne, as well as one
signed by ten magistrates of the Marlborough and Swindon Division in 1830,
also addressed to Lord Melbourne, stating that his “ unwearied and extraordi-
nary gallantry and spirited exertions have contributed in no slight degree to
the present pacific state of the County of Wilts.” This was at the time of
the machine-breaking riots, when Captain Budd, having retired from the
Navy, was occupying a large farm at Winterbourne Bassett, where, by his
resolute courage, he gave the first check to the rioters who were then terrorising
the farmers of North Wilts. Captain Budd was buried at Winterbourne,
aged 90, in 1869. Two photographic portraits from miniatures are inserted in
the memoir.

Truffie-hunting in Wiltshire,” by P. Anderson Graham, in Longman’s
Magazine for March, 1895, is a very full and pleasantly-written article on a
subject which has attracted unusual attention of late, having already been
briefly dealt with in the English Illustrated Magazine for November, 1893,
and the Standard of 6th October last. We note that the centre of the
industry is Winterslow, and that the pick of the season lasts only some four

Magazine Articles, &e. 191

months, so that the truffle-man has to fall back upon hurdle-making or labourer’s
work during great part of the year. The best hunting-ground is under beech
trees in a wood of from twenty to forty years’ growth, and the dogs used are
half-bred poodles,

Malmesbury Abbey. A descriptive article, by R. W. Paul, on the building
is given in Lhe Builder of March 2nd, 1895, well illustrated by a good process

~ reproduction of a fine old engraving of the south porch (said to be by Le Keux,
but which appears really to be that engraved by Basire for the Society of
Antiquaries), reproductions of good pencil drawings of the south side and of
the interior, by A. Needham Wilson, with ground-plan and smaller drawings
of a view in the south aisle, the carvings on the rood-screen, King Athelstan’s
tomb, the watching loft, and armorial tiles, by R. W. Paul. A list of the
sculptures of the south porch, made in 1634, is reprinted from “ Brayley’s
Graphic and Historical Illustrator.”

Littlecote. The Rev. A. H. Malan contributes to the May number of the
Pall Mall Magazine a pleasantly-written chatty article on Littlecote,
discussing shortly the evidence for and against the traditional stories of Wild
Darrell and Judge Popham, and describing the house and its contents. The
paper is lavishly illustrated with excellent photo half-tone plates of the Hall,
the Dutch Parlour, and the Room used by William of Orange, and with sketches
of the House from the Ramsbury Road, the North and South Fronts, the
Wings at the West End, Staircase, Hall, Haunted Chamber, the J udge’s Chair
and Thumb-stocks, the Silver Mace of Charles the First’s Life Guards and
Greybeard Jug, the Long Gallery, the Tulip Trees, and the portraits of
Nell Gwynne, Chief Justice Popham, Lord Burleigh, Anne Dudley, and the
Spanish Lady.

Richard Jefferies. No. III. of the “ Poet Naturalists,” by W. H. Jupp, in
Great Thoughts, March 23rd and 30th, 1895 ; and “ Nature and Eternity,”
in Longman’s Magazine, May, 1895 (vide page 166 of this number of Wilts
Arch. Mag.).

oe! SS

Woodbridge House, Potterne. The Devizes Gazette, April 25th, 1895,
has a letter giving an account of a curious ghost story connected with this
house—the scene of the recent murder.

Salisbury Palace. An article on this subject appears in the Sunday Magazine
for February and March, pp. 118—123, 188—193. It is well illustrated by
the following views, reproduced from excellent pen drawings by Alexander
Ansted:—the Terrace Walk, Beauchamp Tower, Bishop’s Entrance to the
Cloisters, the Original Portion of the Palace, the old and new Front Doorways,
the Palace and Cathedral from the south, the Undercroft, the Interior of the
Chapel and the North Front. The letterpress—one of the last works undertaken
by the Rev. Precentor Venables before his death—is, it is hardly necessary to
add, whether dealing with the architecture or the history of the Palace, at
once accurate and interesting.

ay

192 Magazine Articles, &c.

The Closes of Salisbury and Wells, in the Mugazine of Art for May,
1895, is both written and illustrated by Mr. Alexander Ansted.. The two Closes
and their buildings are compared and contrasted. There are six charming
drawings of Salisbury :—the Cathedral from the south-west, the Palace from
the south-east, Choristers’ Green, the King’s House, the Wardrobe, and St.
Anne’s Gate. ;

Salisbury Cathedral, in the Suaday Magazine for April, by the Very Rev.
Dean Boyle, is again illustrated by drawings from Mr. Ansted’s prolific pen,
of the North Porch, the Longespé Tomb, a Turret of the West Front, the Lady
Chapel, the Cloisters and South Transept, Carving in the Chapter House, the
Interior of the Chapter House, and a view of the Cathedral from the meadows.
The article is a short historical sketch of the erection of the building by Bishop
Poore and of its reduction to a condition of “cleanness and neatness’”” by
Wyatt in 1790.

The May number has the concluding paper with the following illustrations :—
General View from north-east, Audrey Chantry, Great Transept, Inverted Arch,
South Aisle, Fagade, Looking through Grill to Bridport Tomb, Consecration
Cross in Chapter House.

A Family Connexion of the Codrington Family in the Seventeenth
Century, by the Rev. R. H. Codrington, D.D., is a paper of eight

pages, with two good plates of arms, in the Bristol and Gloucestershire
Archeological Society's Transactions. Fourteen shields of arms now in a
window at Castle House, Calne—evidently of the same date, and evidently not
now in their original position—form the subject of the paper. The arms
mostly belong to Gloucestershire families, but they are conjectured by the
writer to have come from the manor-house of Berwick Bassett, in which
Edward Goddard—whose arms appear in one of the shields—is known to have
lived. There seems, however, to be no evidence of their having come from
Berwick. The families whose arms appear are Codrington, Wyrrell, Scrope,
Borlase, Baldwin, Smith, Browning, Goddard, Dennys, Speke, Stocker,
Still, Guise, Parker, Lucy, Marmion, Stokes, Snell, Roberts, Langley, and

Stephens. ;

“Wiltshire: Evening,” by W. S. Senior, is a short poem in The Mew
Review for May, 1895, with nothing about Wiltshire in it.

“The Names of the Prebendal Stalls in ‘Cathedrals of the old
Foundation—Salisbury.” An article in Church Bells, March 15th, 1895.

“ A Famous Training Establishment,” in the Pall Mall Budget of
March 28th, deals with Manton House, and has portraits of Alec Taylor’s
sons, Alec, Junr., and Tom.

Market Lavington. The Gardener’s Magazine for February, 1895, contains
an article on the method of culture adopted by Mr. Lye, of Market Lavington,
in the growth of fuchsias—for which he is famous—with an illustration of
some of the plants grown by him.

Magazine Articles, &c. 193

Vita S. Etheldreds Eliensis aus MS Cotton, Faustina B. iii., fol. 260 [c.

1420] (Dialect von Wiltshire) verse, forms pp. 282—307 of “ Altenglische
Legenden,” edited by C. Horstmann. Heilbronn. Gebr. Henninger. 1881.

Kingston House. A paper on Kingston House, Bradford-on-Avon, and its
garden, by B. W. W., is reprinted from The Garden by the Devizes Gazette,
January 3rd, 1895,

Salisbury Plain. A Report on the Present State of Agriculture in
the Salisbury Plain District, by R. H. Rew, Assistant Com-

_ missioner to the Royal Commission on Agriculture, is reprinted in
the Wilts County Mirror, January 18th—April 5th, 1895.

Notes on Romano-British Articles recently added to the Museum

of the Wilts Archeological Society, by the Rev. E. H. Goddard. A
short paper of five pages in the Reliquary and Illustrated Archeologist,
for April, 1895, vol. i., No. 2, with sixteen illustrations, nearly all of which
have already appeared in the Wilts Arch. Mag. The letterpress is simply a
concise description of the objects illustrated.

Stockton House. A description of the gardens, &c., which appeared in the
Gardener’s Chronicle is reprinted in the Wilts County Mirror, March Ist,
1895.

Corsham. A short sketch of the History of Corsham, by M. K. W., appeared
in the Devizes Gazette, March 7th, 1895.

Prehistoric and Roman Devizes. Letters by H. G. Barrey on this subject
appeared in the Devizes Gazette of Novemher 29th, 1894, January 10th, 31st,
February 28th, March 21st, and April 4th, 1895, in which he argues that the
boundary-line between the parishes of St. Mary and St. John was really the
line of a defensible outwork of the castle, and part of it marked by a Belgic
ditch.

we Our Rude Forefathers”’ is the title of an interesting lecture on pre-
historic and Roman Wilts, by E. Doran Webb, F.S.A., at the Blackmore
Museum. Printed in Salisbury Journal, February 9th, 1895. He regards
Stonehenge as owing its existence to the joint efforts of the Aryan and non-
Aryan races.

Report on Experiments with Potatoes and Onions in Warminster
and District, 1894. Eyre & Spottiswoode. Price 1s.

The Origin of the Thynnes. A note on this subject by J. H. Round
appears in the April number of Zhe Genealogist, vol. xi. He disputes
altogether the assumption of Mr. Botfield in “Stemmata Botvilliana” that
the “inne” from which the family took its name could have been their

194 Magazine Articles, &c.

residence at Church Stretton ; nor does he believe in the pedigree drawn up by
Mr. Morris in Topographer and Genealogist, iii., 468—491.

The Visitation of Wiltshire, 1565, by W. C. Melealfe, from Alleyne of
Calne to Brunning, of Seagrey, is commenced in the same number of the
Genealogist, which also contains a note (to the registers of Street, Co.
Somerset) on Walter Raleigh, second son of Sir Carew Raleigh, of Fardell,
Co. Devon, and Downton, Co. Wilts, and nephew of the great Sir Walter.

He held, among many other livings, that of Wroughton, and became Dean of
Wells 1641.

Roundway Hill, by R. Coward, in Devizes Gazette, May 16th, 1895. A
very interesting article, dealing especially with the legend of the man with his
head under his arm who was believed to haunt the down and to draw those
who met him after him till he disappeared at a certain spot marked by an
almost imperceptible barrow (opened in 1855, see Wilts Arch. Mazq., iii., 185).
Mr. Coward mentions three occasions—the last in 1847 or 1848—on which
the apparition appeared to persons whom he knew.

“The Head Boys of the Great Public Schools,” in Picture Magazine,
August, 1893, has a portrait of H. Clayton, of Marlborough.

Two ‘ Wiltshire Ballads” appeared in the Pall Mall Budget, January
3rd and February 21st, 1895. In “Stwdéanhenge”’ the poet speaks of the
Cathedral as

‘¢ Hour Kreed in stwéan, cut dazzlin vine
Vaith’s hisland beacon vire ” ;

while “ Littel Daizy ”’ has the following stanza :—

‘*Daizies bloom! God! daizies wither!
Vrom thie tower S. Katherine looks,
Draad in stw6an, and roun she slither
Glossy crones or churchyard rooks.

* Snow-flecked,”’ verses on Salisbury Cathedral, by G. H. Haynes, printed in
Wilts County Mirror, February 22nd, 1895.

“ A Salisbury Porter! a Rail Hero,” is the title of a really funny set of
verses on the Rosebery incident at the station, reprinted from Lika Joko by
the Wilts County Mirror, December 21st, 1894.

“ Alone in Salisbury Cathedral.” Sonnet by the Rev. Godfrey Thring.
Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, December, 1894. j

he i ng ee i ee ee i

Magazine Articles, &¢. 191

months, so that the truffle-man has to fall back upon hurdle-making or labourer’s
work during great part of the year. The best hunting-ground i is under beech
trees in a wood of from twenty to forty years’ growth, and the dogs used are
half-bred poodles,

Malmesbury Abbey. A descriptive article, by R. W. Paul, on the building
is given in The Builder of March 2nd, 1895, well illustrated by a good process
reproduction of a fine old engraving of the south porch (said to be by Le Keux,
but which appears really to be that engraved by Basire for the Society of
Antiquaries), reproductions of good pencil drawings of the south side and of
the interior, by A. Needham Wilson, with ground-plan and smaller drawings
of a view in the south aisle, the carvings on the rood-screen, King Athelstan’s
tomb, the watching loft, and armorial tiles, by R. W. Paul. A list of the
sculptures of the south porch, made in 1634, is reprinted from “ Brayley’s
Graphic and Historical Illustrator.”

Littlecote. The Rev. A. H. Malan contributes to the May number of the
Pall Mail Magazine a pleasantly-written chatty article on Littlecote,
discussing shortly the evidence for and against the traditional stories of Wild
Darrell and Judge Popham, and describing the house and its contents. The
paper is lavishly illustrated with excellent photo half-tone plates of the Hall,
the Dutch Parlour, and the Room used by William of Orange, and with sketches
of the House from the Ramsbury Road, the North and South Fronts, the
Wings at the West End, Staircase, Hall, Haunted Chamber, the Judge’s Chair
and Thumb-stocks, the Silver Mace of Charles the First’s Life Guards and
Greybeard Jug, the Long Gallery, the Tulip Trees, and the portraits of
Nell Gwynne, Chief astivs Popham, Lord eae oe Dudley, and the
Spanish Lady.

Richard Jefferies. No. III. of the “ Poet Naturalists,” by W. H. Jupp, in
Great Thoughts, March 23rd and 30th, 1895 ; and “ Nature and Lternity,”

in Longman’s Magazine, May, 1895 (vide page 166 of this number of Wilts
Arch. Mag.).

Woodbridge House, Potterne. The Devizes Gazette, April 25th, 1895,
has a letter giving an account of a curious ghost story connected with this
house—the scene of the recent murder.

Salisbury Palace. Anarticle on this subject appears in the Sunday Magazine
for February and March, pp. 118—123, 188—193. It is well illustrated by
the following views, reproduced from excellent pen drawings by Alexander
Ansted:—the Terrace Walk, Beauchamp Tower, Bishop’s Entrance to the
Cloisters, the Original Portion of the Palace, the old and new Front Doorways,
the Palace and Cathedral from the south, the Undercroft, the Interior of the
Chapel and the North Front. The letterpress—one of the last works undertaken
by the Rev. Precentor Venables before his death—is, it is hardly necessary to
add, whether dealing with the architecture or the history of the Palace, at
once accurate and interesting.

192 Magazine Articles, 8c.

The Closes of Salisbury and Wells, in the Mugazine' of 41% for May,
1895, is both written and illustrated by Mr. Alexander Ansted. The two Closes
and their buildings are compared and contrasted. There are six charming
drawings of Salisbury :—the Cathedral from the south-west, the Palace from
the south-east, Choristers’ Green, the King’s eee the bee and St.
Anne’s Gate.

Salisbury Cathedral, in the teat Magazine for April, by the ae iy.
Dean Boyle, is again illustrated by drawings from Mr. Ansted’s prolific pen,
of the North Porch, the Longespé Tomb, a Turret of the West Front, the Lady
Chapel, the Cloisters and South Transept, Carving in the Chapter House, the
Interior of the Chapter House, and a view of the Cathedral from the meadows.
The article is a short historical sketch of the erection of the building by Bishop
Poore and of its reduction to a condition of “cleanness and neatness’”’-by
Wyatt in 1790.

The May number has the concluding paper with the following illustrations :—
General View from north-east, Audrey Chantry, Great Transept, Inverted Arch,
South Aisle, Facade, Looking through Grill-to Bridport Tomb, Consecration
Cross in Chapter House.

A Family Connexion of the Codrington Family in the Seventeenth
Century, by the Rev. R. H. Codrington, D.D., is a paper of eight

pages, with two good plates of arms, in the Bristol and Gloucestershire
Archeological Society's Transactions. Fourteen shields of arms now in a
window at Castle House, Calne—evidently of the same date, and evidently not
now in their original position—form the subject of the paper. The arms
mostly belong to Gloucestershire families, but they are conjectured by the
writer to have come from the manor-house of Berwick Bassett, in which
Edward Goddard— whose arms appear in one of the shields—is known to have
lived. There seems, however, to be no evidence of their having come from
Berwick. The families whose arms appear are Codrington, Wyrrell, Screpe,
Borlase, Baldwin, Smith, Browning, Goddard, Dennys, Speke, . Stocker,
Still, Guise, Parker, Lucy, Marmion, Stokes, Snell, Roberts, Langley,-and
Stephens.

“ Wiltshire : Evening,” by W. S. Senior, is a short poem in The New
Review for May, 1895, with nothing about Wiltshire in it.

“The Names of the Prebendal Stalls in Cathedrals of the old
Foundation—Salisbury.” An article in Church Bells, March 15th, 1895.

“ A Famous Training Establishment,” in the Pall Mall Budget of
March 28th, deals with Manton House, and has portraits of Alec Taylor's
sons, Alec, Junr., and Tom.

Market Lavington. The Gardener’s Magazine for February, 1895, contains
an article on the method of culture adopted by Mr. Lye, of Market Lavington,
in the growth of fuchsias—for which he is famous—with an illustration of
some of the plants grown by him. r

Magazine Articles, &c. 198

Vita S. Etheldreda Eliensis aus MS Cotton, Faustina B. iii., fol. 260 [c.
1420] (Dialect von Wiltshire) verse, forms pp. 282—307 of “ Altenglische
Legenden,” edited by C. Horstmann. Heilbronn. Gebr. Henninger. 1881.

Kingston House. A paper on Kingston House, Bradford-on-Avon, and its
garden, by B. W. W., is reprinted from The Garden by the Devizes Gazette,
January 3rd, 18965.

Salisbury Plain. A Report on the Present State of Agriculture in
the Salisbury Plain District, by R. H. Rew, Assistant Com-

. missioner to the Royal Commission on Agriculture, is reprinted in
the Wilts County Mirror, January 18th—April 5th, 1899.

Notes on Romano-British Articles recently added to the Museum

of the Wilts Archzological Society, by the Rev. E. H. Goddard. A

short paper of five pages in the Reliquary and Illustrated Archeologist,

for April, 1895, vol. i., No. 2, with sixteen illustrations, nearly all of which

have already appeared in the Wilts Arch. Mag. The letterpress is simply a
- concise description of the objects illustrated.

Stockton House. A description of the gardens, &c., which appeared in the
Gardener’s Chronicle is reprinted in the Wilts County Mirror, March Ist,
1895.

Corsham. A short sketch of the History of Corsham, by M. K. W., appeared
in the Devizes Gazette, March 7th, 1895.

Prehistoric and Roman Devizes. Letters by H. G. Barrey on this subject

_ appeared in the Devizes Gazette of November 29th, 1894, January 10th, 31st,
February 28th, March 21st, and April 4th, 1895, in which he argues that the
boundary-line between the parishes of St. Mary and St. John was really the
line of a defensible outwork of the castle, and part of it marked by a Belgic
ditch.

“Our Rude Forefathers” is the title of an interesting lecture on pre-

historic and Roman Wilts, by E. Doran Webb, F.S.A., at the Blackmore
Museum. Printed in Salisbury Journal, February 9th, 1895. He regards

Stonehenge as owing its existence to the joint efforts of the Aryan and non-
Aryan races.

Report on Experiments with Potatoes and Onions in Warminster
and District, 1894. Eyre & Spottiswoode. Pricels. ~

The Origin of the Thynnes. A note on this subject by J. H. Round

_ appears in the April number of Zhe Genealogist, vol. xi. He disputes
* altogether the assumption of Mr. Botfield in “Stemmata Botvilliana ” that
the “inne” from which the family took its name could have been their

194 Magazine Articles, Sc.

residence at Church Stretton ; nor does he believe in the pedigree drawn up by
Mr. Morris in Topographer and Genealogist, iii., 468—491.

The Visitation of Wiltshire, 1565, by W. C. Melcalfe, from Alleyne of
Calne to Brunning, of Seagrey, is commenced in the same number of the
Genealogist, which also contains a note (to the registers of Street, Co.
Somerset) on Walter Raleigh, second son of Sir Carew Raleigh, of Fardell,
Co. Devon, and Downton, Co. Wilts, and nephew of the great Sir Walter.

He held, among many other livings, that of Wroughton, and became Dean of
Wells 1641.

Roundway Hill, by R. Coward, in Devizes Gazette, May 16th, 1895. A
very interesting article, dealing especially with the legend of the man with his
head under his arm who was believed to haunt the down and to draw those
who met him after him till he disappeared at a certain spot marked by an
almost imperceptible barrow (opened in 1855, see Wilts Arch. May., iii., 185).
Mr. Coward mentions three occasions—the last in 1847 or 1848—on which
the apparition appeared to persons whom he knew.

“The Head Boys of the Great Public Schools,” in Picture Magazine,
August, 1898, has a portrait of H. Clayton, of Marlborough.

Two ‘* Wiltshire Ballads” appeared in the Pall Mall Budget, January
3rd and February 21st, 1895. In “Stwdanhengo”’ the poet speaks of the
Cathedral as

‘‘ Hour Kreed in stwoan, cut dazzlin vine
Vaith’s hisland beacon vire ” ;

while “ Littel Daizy ” has the following stanza :—

‘6 Daizies bloom! God! daizies wither!
Vrom thic tower S. Katherine looks,
Draad in stw6an, and roun she slither
Glossy crones or churchyard rooks.

“ Snow-flecked,”’ verses on Salisbury Cathedral, by G. H. Haynes, printed in
Wilts County Mirror, February 22nd, 1895.

“A Salisbury Porter! a Rail Hero,” is the title of a really funny set of
verses on the Rosebery incident at the station, reprinted from Lika Joko by
the Wilts County Mirror, December 21st, 1894.

“ Alone in Salisbury Cathedral.’”? Sonnet by the Rev. Godfrey Thring.
Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, December, 1894.

~ ©The Form and Manner of the Making of Deacons and Ordaining

195

Other Books and Articles by Uiltshiremen.

Ballads and other Verse. By A. H. Beesley (Assistant-Master at

Marlborough College). London. Longmans. 1895. ‘
Several of the ballads in this volume deservedly attracted much attention on
their appearance in Longmans Magazine a year or twoago. They are full
of life and vigour, as befits verse that deals with such stirring themes as Sir
Christopher Mings and his three days’ fight with the Dutch in 1666, and the

' daring capture of Mont Cenis in 1792 by Dumas and his little band of

mountaineers. There is one amongst them which we may venture to claim for
Wilts—Stone-broke, a most pathetic poem, not unworthy of Hood himself,
which earned honourable mention at a County Council meeting not long ago,
telling how an old stone-breaker worked on all through the bitter winter
weather, rather than go into the House, and how he died as his heap was
finished. The ‘‘ other verse” is of varied character, ranging from such themes
as An Agnostic’s Apology, or a fine chorus from Hecuba, to breezy whaling
and ploughing songs. The volume throughout shows ‘‘a high, though often
sombre, sense of life and duty,” and stands in workmanship and inspiration
far above the average of modern verse. It was noticed in the Marlburian,
4th April, 1895.

_ Progressive Revelation, or through Nature to God, by E. M.

Caillard, author of ‘* Electricity : the Science of the Nineteenth Century ” ;
“The Invisible Powers of Nature,” &c. John Murray, Albemarle Street,
London. 1895. Price 6s. Miss Emma Marie Caillard has thrown together
in this book a series of essays published in the Contemporary Review, with
an introductory chapter. Favourably reviewed in Devizes Gazette, May 16th,
1895.

“Latin Letter from the Bishop of Salisbury to the Archbishop of

Utrecht, on the position of the Anglican Church. A long notice and
translation in the Guardian, November 14th, 1894, and Salisbury Diocesan
Gazette, January, 1895.

of Priests.’ Edited for use at ordinations by Clifford Wyndham Holgate,
M.A. Salisbury. Brown & Co. 8vo. Cloth. 1894. Favourably noticed
in Salisbury Journal, December 15th, 1894, and Salisbury Diocesan
Gazette, February, 1895.

196 Other Books and Articles by Wiltshiremen.

‘Ecce Homo,” by Rev. D. G. Hubert (of Salisbury). London. R. Wash-
bourne, 18, Paternoster Row. Preface by Lady Herbert. A volume of
meditations, &c., for use by Roman Catholics. Favourably noticed in
Salisbury Journal, June 16th, 1894.

‘“‘ Adam the Gardener.” Three vols. Hurst & Blackett. A novel by Mrs.
8. Batson. Favourably reviewed in Standard, November 16th, 1894,

“The Catch of the County.” Three vols. F. V. White & Co. <A novel
by Mrs. Ed, Kenward. Noticed favourably in the Standard, November 16th,
1894.

‘A Bootless Bene,’’ A novel by M. E. Le Clere (Miss Clarke). Two vols.
Hurst & Blackett.

““A Reference List to the Stamps of the Straits Settlement sur-
charged for use in the Native Protected States,” by William Brown.
Salisbury. W. Brown. A reprint, with additions, of articles which appeared
lately in the Philatelic Journal of Great Britain. Illustrated. Noticed
in Salisbury Journal, April 27th, 1895.

“China, Past and Present,” by R. S. Gundry. London. Chapman &
Hall. Author of ‘‘China and her Neighbours.” Well reviewed in the
Standard, May 6th, 1895; Zhe Pall Mall Gazette, &c. The author also
contributed an article on ‘* Ancestor Worship in China” to the February
number of the Porinightly Review. Noticed in Guardian of February 6th
and Devizes Gazette, February 7th, 1895.

“The Little Squire,” a comedy in three acts, performed at the Lyric Theatre,
is adapted from the story by Mrs. H. de la Pasture (of Malmesbury). Noticed
in Devizes Gazette, April 19th, 1894.

“ Kohimarama,” ‘“ New Zealand Shrines,”’ and “'The Daisy Chain

and Mission Buildings at Kohimaérama ”—three sonnets by the Bishop
of Salisbury—appear in the Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, May, 1895.

An Order of Service for Children, with Hymns, &c., and Occasional
Services, compiled by the Rev. and Hon. Canon Bouverie, M.A.,
Rector of Pewsey, Wilts, the Music edited by the Countess of
Radnor. Novello, Ewer & Co. Several editions, differing in size and price.
Noticed in Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, April, 1895.

Wiltshire Pictures. Among pictures connected with the county, or painted by
Wiltshire artists, which have been exhibited this summer are the following :—
At the Royal Academy.—No. 34, a portrait of The Countess of Pembroke,

by W. B. Richmond, A.R.A.—In the Water-Colour Room, Nos. 891 and 1099,

Ste 4

__——

The Sale of Canon Jackson’s Library. 197

“Playing Pigs” and ‘In Gamle Norge,’’ two pictures of children at play,
by Gideon Fidler, of Teffont Magna; 907, a landscape, *‘Snow on the
Cuchillins, Isle of Skye,” by Alfred Williams, of Salisbury; and 1086, ‘‘ The
Old Market Cross, Salisbury,” by William Alexander, of that city. In the
Architectural Room, 1568, a pencil drawing of the silver altar-cross of the *
lady chapel of the Cathedral, by E. Doran Webb, and 1607, a pen drawing of
‘New Country Residence near Chippenham,” by T. B. Silcock.

In the New Gallery.—No. 263, ‘‘ Summer on the Kennett, the Old Lock,”
by Thomas Ireland, and 297, a water-colour drawing of ‘St. Anne’s Gate,
Salisbury, by Andrew B. Donaldson.

In the Winter Exhibition of Old Masters, at Burlington House, three
portraits—Master Lambton, Miss Crokers, and Lady Jersey—by Sir Thomas
Lawrence, were exhibited, as well as Gainsborough’s “ The Mall, St. James’s
Park,” from Grittleton.

A portrait of Sir W. Grant, Master of the Rolls, painted by Sir Thomas Lawrence,
P.R.A., in 1802, has been presented by Mr. S. Young, Master of the Barbers’
Company, to the Corporation Gallery of the City of London.

Che Sale of Canon Jackson's Hibravy,

The entire library of the late Canon J. E. Jackson, F.S.A., which was left by
will to his nephew, Mr. J. H. Jackson, was sold by Messrs. Hodgson, at their
auction rooms, 115, Chancery Lane, on May 7th, 8th, and 9th, 1895. There
were in all nine hundred and thirty-six lots, the majority of which consisted of
interesting books and pamphlets on county history and topography, with a con-
siderable number of works on mee literature, history, the classics, &., many
of them old and curious.

The Wiltshire portion of the ibrdeear the topographical items were by no
means confined to this county—was sold chiefly on the third day of sale, when
Mr. W. H. Bell and the Rev. E. H. Goddard attended as representatives of the
Wilts Archeological Society, with the object especially of securing Lot 933—
eight folio volumes, bound in vellum, containing the collections of the late Canon

relating to the History of the Hungerford Family, drawings. autographs,

portraits, pedigrees, and an enormous mass of MS. notes—very much of whick
has never been printed in any form. This was, of course, the most important
item in the library, the collection of the material contained in these eight volumes
having occupied many years of Canon Jackson’s life. It is needless to say that
this would have been an extremely valuable addition to the Society’s possessions,
but it fell eventually to Mr. Quaritch for £158, a sum considerably beyond the

198 Additions to Museum.

point at which the representatives of the Society felt constrained to stop. Mr.
Quaritch purchased the collection on behalf of Lord Houghton, who in suceeeding
to Lord Crewe’s estates has become possessed of much of the old Hungerford
property in Wilts. The original rough jottings and notes used in the formation
of the complete collection, bound in two volumes, folio, also fell to Mr. Quaritch
for £3 10s. Mr. Quaritch also secured a valuable folio MS. History of Gore of
Alderton for £7; a copy of “ Jackson’s History of Grittleton,” with a large
number of old deeds, letters, and notes inserted, for £5 10s.; a collection of
notices, guide-books, and histories of Farley Hungerford, with MS. annotations
and corrections, for £5 10s.; The ‘‘ Guide to Farleigh Hungerford,” large
paper, with a number of beautiful drawings, &c., inserted, for £5 7s.6d.; a
collection of MSS. relating to the same place, with many pedigrees, documents,
and drawings, for £6 5s. A manuscript Visitation of the County of Wilts
taken circa 1565 by William Harvey, Clarencieux King of Arms (stated to
have been sold in 1832 for £16 16s.), brought £6 15s. From the Society’s
point of view it was somewhat unfortunate that the “ Hungerfordiana ” came
at the very end of the sale, as the Society’s representatives were obliged to
reserve themselves for this, and to let a considerable number of seventeenth
and eighteenth century pamphlets and other matters of interest to the county
go to the booksellers at very low prices. They succeeded, however, in securing,
for the very moderate expenditure of £8, some fourteen lots, mostly consisting
of MSS. by the late Canon, containing a good deal of valuable unpublished
Wiltshire matter, as well as a certain number of original documents of much
interest, and some printed items, &c., new to the library—most of which are
catalogued in the additions to the Library printed in the Appendix to the Library
Catalogue.

It may be mentioned here that Canon Jackson’s Collections for Wilts
Bibliography are among the papers given to the Library of the Society of
Antiquaries, London.

Additions to Atlnseum.

Square Wooden Trencher: presented by Mr. Jonan WELLs.

Specimens of Geranium sylvaticum, found at Potterne: presented by G. S. A.
Warten, M.R.C.S.

Portrait of Mr. William Cunnington, F.S.A., of Heytesbury, Wilts; painted for
Sir Richard Colt Hoare, by Samuel Woodforde, R.A., in 1807. Purchased of
the Hoare Estate by his Grandson, Witt1am Cunnineton, F.GS., of
London, in 1884, and presented by him to the Wilts Archeological and
Natural History Society, June 10th, 1895.

Additions to Museum. 199

- The following Tokens, new to the Museum, by purchase :—

tet Ae eae ie eartey Tee ie ee a eee TREE PETES oT
Number of

No. in No. in waka Specimens in

Williamson. | Boyne. a rng
55* 35* | BARNABAS . RVMSEY=Grocers’ arms. | 3 1
OF . COLLINGBORNE=1667.!
156 111 | IOHN . FARMER=I1.£.F and a roll of 3 1
tobacco.
oF . PyRTON . 1668=HIS . HALF
PENY. |
174, 123 | GODDERD . ELLIOTT . IN=Arms of z 1
Elliott family : a fesse.
SARUM.GROCER. 1666=The Grocers’
arms.
258 175 | IOHN . SLADE . 1667=A heart. x 1

IN . WARMISTER=LS.
ET aE Ie oR ee Ia RE

And second examples of :—

Williamson 4—Richard Clark, Aldbourne.
| of 7—Robert Harrison, Amesbury.
11—I. Clark, Bishopstone.
», 144—Oliver Shropshire, Marlborough.
», 158—John Ston, Ramsbury.
» 205—Francis Manings, Sarum.

William Chandler, in Bradford, 1650: presented by the Rev. W. N.C. Wheeler.

~~
-

Deawines, Encravines, &c., PRESENTED TO THE LIBRARY.

_ By Rev. W. ©. PurnperLeaTH :—Forty-one Wiltshire Prints.
» C. E. Pontine, F.S.A.:—Engraving of Malmesbury Abbey.
» G. E. Dagrnett :—Prints of Malmesbury Abbey.

,, Miss Bupp :—Two Wiltshire Prints.

__,, Mx. Brown :—Original Drawing of Staff in possession of Mr. Butcher, of
Devizes.

ee —__———————_—————— a ann

This differs from the description given by Williamson and Boyne in that it
_has no 8.8. on the reverse.

200 Additions to Musewm.

By Rev. E. H. Gopparp:—Forty Original Drawings of Roman and Saxon
Objects from Cold Kitchen, Southgrove, and Bassett Down.—Nineteen of
Wilts Corporation Plate.—Seven of Wilts Church Plate.—Drawing of Altar
by Pugin, Jun.—Five Prints,

» Mr. H. Braxspgar :—Original Drawing of Upper Upham Manor House.

» Mr. A. D. Passmon» :—Photo of Stone Axe, perforated.

[The Books recently added are printed separately as an. Appendix to the
Library Catalogue. ]

13 MAR.O7

HURRY & PEARSON, Printers and Publishers, Devizes.

rr aes ink } ‘ ‘ :

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‘

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WILTSHIRE ARCHAOLOGICAL AND

DR. GENERAL
1894. RECEIPTS. EPS ih ‘ry besa DISBURSEMENT! oe
Jan. Ist. To balance brought from last account 331 2 11 | Dec. 31st. By Cash, . Bo Ch
y Cash, sundry payments, includin
Dec. 31st. ,, Cash, Entrance Fees, and Postage, Carriage, and Miscell :
* Annual Subscriptions re- Expenses mee ee 2
el aes Members Printing and Stationery ee 15 7
uring the year, viz. Printinewine ae
31 Entrance Fees ... 165 0 0. a Brees aoa Magazines
4 Subscription for 1890 010 6 Now?) Gutcane 3516 7
* 1891 010 6 a 102 1 3
5 i 1809 212 6 Inquisitions Post Mortem, Part iu 1616 0
81 ie 1893 16 5 6 Expenses at Museum ......... 113 2
301 3 1894158 O 6 | Attendance at ditto .. 0
4 % 1895 2 2 0 | Property and Land Tax . 0
———— Insurance .. 4
196 6 6 Sundry ‘additions —
,, Transfer from Life Mem- Museum and Library...... 2015 7
bership Fund ........-.-- 6 19 10 —_ 68 56 1
203 6 4 Printing Catalogues 34 3 4
,, Cash received for sale of Magazines 28 11 11 Commission, &&. ..... «+ 20 3 4
, Ditto Jackson’s ‘ Aubrey ” tees Les (0) Balance in hand, viz. :—
’ Ditto Preston’s ‘‘ Flowering Plants ” 0 8 0 Savings Bank .... 214 9 8
9 Ditto Pamphlets sold as O78 Financial Secretary ...... 5 8 11
»» Ditto Admissions to Museum .. 700) Consols, 23 % at cost ... 100 0 0
, Dividends on Consols ........-. Pyaby a
, Devizes Savings Bank, interest ...... 416 2 Less :— 319 18 7
, Balance of Marlborough Meeting 1515 0 Due to Capital &
Counties Bank 3 3 3
Due to Rev. EB.
H. Goddard... 0 9 6
Bi} 8
———— BG 1h 1)
——
£595 6 0 Seiiaena
CR.
wer oi, LIFE MEM Borer FUND. Fon, EB
8 IO Oh . unt 619 10
Jan. Ist. To balance brought from last account 57 18 11 Dec. 31st. By one- bat ie Sia aoe “ ae seb
April 13th. To Life Membership Subscription ....-- 1010 0 Balance in Savings Dank ..---
Dec. 31st. ,, Savings Bank interest.........1+1+-0+ 19 8 se
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} Auditors.

NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY

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= on Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday, July 31st, August Ist

and 2nd. Corsham Court, Castle Combe, and Lacock Abbey
will be among the places visited.

QUERIES AND REQUESTS.
Wints Dravect.

Mr. G. E. Dartnett, Addottsfield, Salisbury, and the Rev. E. H.
- Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Wootton Bassett, would be greatly
obliged if Members interested in the dialect of the county
would send them notes of any Wiltshire words not already
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Nores on Locat Arcamotocy and Natura History.

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CuurcuyarD InscripTIONs.

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Tue Enewtsnh Diatect Dictionary.—HELP NEEDED.
Proressor Josep Wricur, of Oxford, appeals for help from those —
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; Glossaries and books containing dialect words, in order that
the work may be sufficiently advanced to enable him to begin
ct the task of editing the enormous mass of material—weighing
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strictly to non-literary English. Anyone willing to help may

a obtain full information from Proressor J. Wrieut, 6, Norham
Bato: Road, Oxford ; or G. E. Dartnett, Esy., Abbottsfield, Stratford
Road, Salisbury.

- WILTSHIRE WORDS, a Glossary of Words used in the County of
Br Wiltshire, by G. E. Dartnell and the Rev. E. H. Goddard.
8vo, 1893. Pp. xix. and 235. Price, 15s. net. A re-publication by the
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Wiltshire Glossary which have appeared in the Wilts Arch. Magq.,4in
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Wiltshire talk. Henry Frowde, Amen Corner, London, E.C.

TO BE DISPOSED OF, a duplicate copy of each of the following
books :—Hoare’s ** Ancient Wiltshire,” 2 vols., folio; ‘* Modern Wilts,”
Hundreds of Heytesbury, and Branch and Dole, 2 vols., folio;
Canon Jackson’s *‘ History of Grittleton,” Ato. ; Aubrey’s ‘* Natural
History of Wilts,” 4to. ; Smith’s ‘‘ Choir Gaur,” large paper 4to. ; also the
first five vols. of ‘* The Wilts Magazine,” containing all the rare numbers
of that publication—Apply to Mx. W. Cunnincron, 58, Acre-lane,
London, S.W

».izt
FR»

Broad Chalke Registers.

equal good fortune.
Sir T. Philipps. Wiltshire Pipe Rolls.
N. Wilts Musters. Rotulus Hilde-
brandi de London and Johis de-
Harnham, &c.
Hoare. Registrum _ Wiltunense.
Chronicon Vilodunense, fol.
Hoare Family. Early History and
Genealogy, &c., 1883.
Norris, Rev. J., of Bemerton. Works.
Beckford. Recollections of. 1893.
ditto Memoirs of, 1859.
_. Beckford’s Thoughts on Hunting, 1781.
Beckford Family. Reminiscences, 1887.
Lawrence, Sir T. Cabinet of Gems.
ditto Life and. Correspondence,
by Williams.
Sporting Incidents in the Life of
another Tom Smith, M.F.8., 1867.
‘Marlborough College Natural History
ede Reports. 1868-69-72-81-

Lord Clarendon. History of the
Rebellion, Reign of Charles II.,
Clarendon Gallery Characters, Claren-
don and Whitelocke compared, the
Clarendon Family vindicated, &c

Cassan’s Lives of the Bishops of Salis-

bury.
Life of Thomas Boulter, of Poulshot,
Highwayman.

Akerman’s Archzological Index.
J. Britton. Bowood and its Literary
Associations.

Moore, 1881.

ere
vi

Hobbes (T.), Leviathan.

Oliver (Dr. G.). Collections illustra-
ting a History of Catholic Religion
in Cornwall, Wilts, &c.

Bishop Burnet. History of His Own

Time.
Ditto History of the Reformation.
ditto Passages in Life of John,

Earl of Rochester.
Warton (Rev. J., of Salisbury). Poems,
1794.
Woollen Trade of Wilts, Gloucester,
and Somerset, 1803.
Wiltshire Worthies, Notes, Biographical
and Topographical, by F. Stratford,
1882.
Riot in the County of Wilts. 1739.
Price. Series of Observations on the
Cathedral Church of Salisbury.
Addison (Joseph). Life and Works.
Life of John Tobin, by Miss Benger.
Gillman’s Devizes Register. 1859—69.
R. Jefferies. Any of his Works.
Besant’s Eulogy of R. Jefferies.
Morris’ Marston and Stanton. ;
Description of the Wilton House
Diptych. Arundel Society.
Moore. Poetical Works. Memoirs. —
Mrs. Marshall. Under Salisbury Spire.
Maskell’s Monumenta Ritualia. Sarum

Use.
Armfield. Legend of Christian Art.
Salisbury Cathedral. 1869.

Walton’s Lives. Hooker. Herbert.

ae Any Books, Pamphlets, &c., written by Natives of Wiltshire on any subject

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| No. LXXXIV. DECEMBER, 1895. Vou. XXVIII.

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} OTT a eon git oe z 2 4 2 Gee

THE

WILTSHIRE

No. LXXXTV. DECEMBER, 1895. Vor. XXVIII.
Contents. PAGE

REpoRT OF THE WILTSHIRE ARCHEOLOGICAL ANC NaTuRAL History
Society for the Year July, 1894—July, 1895.. zs 201

Notes on THE DocumENTARY History oF ZRALS : by Toba Batten,
F.\S.A. Raeehs 203

INDEX TO THE “ WiLtsHiRe ‘Ivetirvrions” as 4 prittted By Sir Thomas

Phillipps: compiled by the late Canon J. E. ene FS.A.,
February, 1851 .. Be 210

A SKETCH oF THE History OF “Hin “DEVERILL : te Taha v.
p PM RNAS 8 Rersecuices cob dan eden csuashve che consaevesdsca vive cossecseatction® acter 235
; Norges, ARCHEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL ............ceescecesvescees ree 252
~ Personal NoTicks OF WILTSHIREMEN ...........scescscsscecceescecencees 266
WI ttsaike Booxs, PAMPHLETS, AND Anricuss... 269
ADDITIONS To MuszuM AND LIBRARY.. 277

Report OF THE Sus-CoMMITTEE ON A ee iGeueaes OF
ENGLAND AND WALES...

DEVIZES :—Hourey & Pearson, 4, St. Joun Street.

REPORT OF THE EranoGRaPHIc Survey... TE Se oe aR me
ILLUSTRATIONS.
16th Century Spur found at Malmesbury Abbey ......... 263
Tron Key of the Roman Period found at asad Camp 263
Bronze Armlet from Lake ............... GeranedsessuritoOe

WILTSHIRE VAGAZINE.

“MULTORUM MANIBUS GRANDE LEVATUR ONUS. fA 5

DECEMBER, 1895.

Aeport of the Hiltshive Archwological and
Alatural History Society
For the Bear Julv, 1894 ——Julv, 1895,

_ [Read at the General Meeting of the Society, at Corsham, July 31st, 1895.]

P ee! ;HE Committee is able to state with pleasure that the
. Society continues to flourish.
; “As to our numbers, we had on our books on July Ist, 1894,

twenty-three Life Members, three hundred and fifty-two Annual
_ Members, and twenty-one Exchange Members, making a total of
' three hundred and ninety-six. During the year ended 30th June
last twenty-two new Annual Members and one Exchange Member
have been elected. We have lost by death one Life and five
Annual Members; by retirement one Exchange and seventeen
Annual Members, leaving a total of three hundred and ninety-five.
- “As to finance, a copy of our accounts for the year 1894 was
issued with the last number of the Magazine. The amount of sub-
scriptions received was slightly in excess of the amount in 1893.

So also were the amounts received for sale of the Society’s publi-
cations, and for admission to the Museum. We have to thank the
_ Mayor of Marlborough and the Local Committee over which he
presided for the sum of fifteen guineas, handed over as the balance
‘VOL. XXVITI.—NO. LXXXIY. P

202 Report of the Society for the Year 1895.

of the local fund raised in connection with our visit to that town.
The cost of additions made to the contents of the Library and
Museum has been a little above the average, and the printing of
catalogues is of course an exceptional expense. These items account
for the reduction of the balance by about £15 below the amount
brought forward at the commencement of the year. We have to
thank the Honorary Auditors for so carefully performing their
duties.

“As to the Magazine, Nos. 82 and 83 have been issued during the
“year, and have been approved of by many of our Members. In
addition to this the Catalogue of the printed books, pamphlets,
manuscripts, and maps in the Society’s Library, referred to in our
last report, has been issued, and an appendix has quickly followed
it. The Committee consider that the thanks of the Members are
due to Mr. Heward Bell, the Honorary Librarian, and Mr. Goddard,
for their painstaking work in connection with this laborious task.
The rapid appearance of the first’ appendix is largely due to the
prompt reply to the appeal for ‘ Wiltshire Books wanted,’ which
appeared on the cover of the Magazine. It is hoped that the books
sent have been in every case acknowledged. The thanks of the
Society are due to the donors. As we gradually increase the col-
lection of Wiltshire books further numbers of the appendix will be
issued. Part 2 fof the ‘Abstracts of Wilts Inquisitiones post
mortem’ has been -issued uniform with the Magazine. It is hoped
that the Catalogue of drawings and prints and that of the Stourhead
Collection may shortly be issued. The short notices of Wiltshire
books, pamphlets, and articles, and also of Wiltshire notabilities
commenced in No. 82 of the Magazine are a new feature, and will
in course of time form a valuable record. The additions to the
Museum comprise a portrait of Mr. William Cunnington, F.S.A.,
1807, and a valuable collection of Wiltshire fossils, presented by
Mr. W. Cunnington, F.G.8. ; and other objects of interest as
recorded in the Magazine. At the sale of Canon Jackson’s Library
in London in the month of May a few books and several manuscripts
were purchased. Many books have also been acquired by the .
disposal of duplicates. The Committee has had some communication

Notes on the Documentary History of Zeals. 203

with the County Council on the subject of the Wild Birds Pre-
servation Acts. The remains of the Pleiosaurus referred to in our
last report have been most carefully and accurately put together as
far as possible, and are now exhibited in the Museum. The Com-
mittee have not lost sight of the Memorial to Canon Jackson, but
are not yet in a position to make a recommendation on the subject.

“Mr. Medlicott and Mr. Ponting attended the Annual Congress
of Archeological Societies at Burlington House in July, 1894.

“ An account of the Meeting of the Society at Marlborough last
year appears in the last number of the Magazine. Thanks are due
to Mr. Ponting, F.S.A., and Mr. Doran Webb, F.S.A., for the
very great services rendered by fiom as guides at various points
during the excursions.

“We are meeting this year for the first time at Corsham, and it
is hoped that the Society will be enabled to visit-places which it
has not before been possible to visit from Chippenham or Bradford.”

| _ on the Documentary Pistorp of xeals,

By Joun Barren, F.S.A.

|
|
:

EALS, or Seals, a tything in the parish of Mere, contained

q Wp two manors called, aftertheir ancient lords, Zeals Ailesbury
and Zeals Clivedon.

Sir Richard Hoare! observes that there is a wide gap in the
records relating to Zeals until it became the property of the Chafyn
- family, but the following facts, gathered from the muniments of
_ the present owner, Mr. Chafyn Grove, and other sources, will, it is
hoped, help to fill up the gap to which the learned historian refers,

1 History of Modern Wilts, I., p. 31.
Pp 2

204 Notes on the Documentary History of Zeals.

It is recorded in the reign of Henry III.! that Alured, or Alfred
de Nichol, or Lincoln, held in “Seeles” one knight’s fee of John
Fitz Geoffry, and he of the Earl of Salisbury, and he of the King;
and it may be presumed that this was the knight’s fee held in 1168
by Alured de Nichol of the Earl Patrick?. Alured de Lincoln died
about A.D. 1264, and we learn from the inquisition taken after his
death that “he held of John Fitz John the manor of Celes, which
formerly was given in free marriage with Matillda, his mother.”
His wife, Joan, survived him, but he left no issue, and his nephew,
Robert Fitzpain (son of his eldest sister, Margery), Beatrix, his
second sister (wife of William de Govis), and Albreda de Lincoln,
his youngest sister, were his co-heirs.3- Beatrix must have died
shortlygafter, as in the division of her father’s estates the manor of
“Seeles,”’ the manor of Duntish, in Dorsetshire, and other manors
in that county and in Somersetshire were allotted to her som;
William de Govis, who received seisin thereof.*

The family of De Govis was of Norman origin, deriving its name
from the ville of Gouvis, near Caen. Petronilla, the wife of
William de Govis, was a Norman lady who seems to have lived
entirely in Normandy, and their daughter Joan was born there.°
Petronilla survived her husband, and after his death her claim to
dower out of his lands in England was disputed on the ground of
her being an alien. In the year 1272 (1 Edw. I.), «.e., before the
statute of “quia emptores” which prohibited subinfeudations, —
William de Govis granted his manor of “ Seles” to Edmund, Earl
of Cornwall, lord of the manor of Mere, and his heirs, under the
annual rent or render of 12d. or a sparrow hawk; and im the
following year the Earl granted it to Walter de Ailesbury. Walter
was, it appears, a special favourite of the Earl, who appointed him,
some years after, Governor of the Castle and Honour of Wallingford,

1 Testa de Nevill, p. 133.
2 Liber Niger, by Hearne, I, 107.
3. Esch. 48 Hen. III., No. 19;- Rot. Fin. Extr. IL. 412.
. 4 Esch. 48 Hen. IIIL., No. 19.
5 Ing. 29 Edw. I., No. 190.
6 Inq. taken at Dorchester, 11th November, 19 Edw, III,

ee Rel A

a
.
"
>
:
re
j
.

By John Batten. 205

and also of the Honour of St. Valerie.! Zeals continued for many
generations in the de Ailesbury family, and in 1417 Sir Thomas
de Ailesbury, two years before his death, settled it on his daughter
Isabella, the wife of Sir Thomas Chaworth.? Sir Thomas Chaworth
died about the year 1460, and it was found by inquisition that he
held the manor of “ Zeals Ailesbury ” as tenant by the curtesy
after the death of his wife Isabella, of the inheritance of William
Chaworth, her son and heir, then twenty-eight years old, and also
that the manor was held of William, Bishop of Winchester, as of
his manor of Ambresbury, but was formerly the manor of the Earl
of Salisbury. In 1483, on the deathZof Thomas, son and heir of
William Chaworth, without issue, the manor came to his sister and
heir, Joan, the wife of John Ormond, Esq., of Alfreton, Co. Derby,
and in the Church of that place there are brasses to their memory.
Joan Ormond died in 1507 and left three daughters only, and by a
settlement made by her, the manor was divided amongst them
equally in tail, with remainder to her own right heirs. Joan,
the eldest daughter, was married to Sir Thomas Dynham, Kt., of
Sythorpe, Bucks; Elizabeth, the second daughter, to Anthony
Babington, of Dethick (grandfather of Anthony, the conspirator
against the life of Queen Elizabeth) ; and Anne, the third daughter,
to William Meringe, Esq. Anne died without issue, by which
event her one-third vested in her two surviving sisters. Joan and
Elizabeth, but Joan seems to have acquired the share of her sister
Elizabeth also. She survived her husband, Sir Thomas Dynham,
and was married to Sir William Fitz William, Kt. Afterwards
she and her husband levied a fine of the entirety of this manor, and
in 1534 granted a lease of certain parts of it to Thomas Chafyn,
Esq., for the lives of himself, Margaret, his wife, and Thomas,
theirson. Joan died in 1540, leaving two sons, George and Thomas
Dynham, between whom were conflicting claims to the property.
Thomas, the younger, sold all his rights (including the reversion of
Chafyn’s leasehold) to one Percy, but Chafyn refused to pay rent
1 Dugdale’s Warwickshire, reprint 1765, p. 580.

2 Esch. 6 Hen. V.
3 Esch, 37 Hen. VI.

206 Notes on the Documentary History of Zeals.

to Percy, setting up a title under a purchase from George Dynham.
Percy being a poor man could not contest the matter, and therefore
sold his right to Charles, Lord Stourton: he was not so easily
satisfied, and when he could get no rent “thrust Ohafyn out of
possession,” but he was soon reinstated by order of the Star
Chamber, probably because his leasehold interest still existed.
Upon Lord Stourton’s attainder for the murder of Hartgill all
his rights in the manor were forfeited to the person on whom the
overlordship had descended from William Govis, the original’
grantor. This was proved to be Lewes, Lord Mordaunt, and in
1567 he proceeded by action of ejectment to recover it from William
Chafyn, the son of Thomas, the lessee. It was necessary for Lord
Mordaunt, in order to establish his title, to prove his heirship, and
this was done by records produced in court. It was shown by
Inquisition that William de Govis died in 1299 and that amongst
his possessions he held a knight’s fee in “Seles” in capite of
Richard Fitz John, which fee Walter de Ailesbury held under
him in socage under an annual rent of 12¢., and that his heirs
were his two daughters, Joan and Alice.1 Joan soon after was
married to John de Latimer, and Alice became the wife of Robert
de Musters, or Monasteriis, but died in 1311 without issue, leaving
her sister Joan her heir, who thereby became owner of the entirety.
It was proved also that the manor was held by successive generations
of the Latimer family until the reign of Henry VII., when Sir
Nicholas Latimer, who died in 1505, was succeeded by his only
daughter and heiress, Edith, wife of Sir John Mordaunt, grand-
father of Lewes, Lord Mordaunt, the plaintiff in the action, and a
verdict was returned in his favour. It is known that his son sold
the bulk of his paternal estates in the West, and there is no doubt
that the manor of Zeals Ailesbury was then purchased by William
Chafyn, Mr. Chafyn Grove’s ancestor.

The other manor of Zeals Clivedon was at an early period held
by a family called “de Seles” and was no doubt the half of a
knight’s fee which, in the reign of Henry III., Richard de Seles
held of Avice Columbers, and she of the Earl of Salisbury, and he

1 Esch. 27 Edw. I., No. 53.

By John Batten. 207

of the King. Avice was the wife of Michael Columbers, and a
daughter of Elias Croc.! In the reign of Edward II., A.D, 1310,
Richard had been succeeded by John de Seles, and by charter of
this date, made at ‘“Seles,”’ he granted to Walter de Ailesbury one
half part of all his lands in Over Seles, Nether Seles, and Wulliton,
to be held as of his manor of Seles. This transaction looks as
if de Ailesbury had previously nothing more than the over-
lordship, which may have included the whole of Zeals, of which the

* de Seles family were terre tenants. In 1315 John de Seles restored
to his estate a messuage and mill in Seles, which jRichard, his
father, had sold to John de Cove, and in 1331 he made an agreement
with Nichola, his daughter, late the wife of Robert Coterel,{whereby
he grants to her for her life certain lands in Seles, and covenanted

_ to provide reasonable maintenance and clothing for Robert, her son,
Nichola, in return, granting to her father all her lands in Caldecote,
_ within the manor of Stourton. By the end of the reign of Edward
III. the manor had come into the hands of Matthew de Clivedon,
and it is clear that he acquired it by purchase. He was descended
_ from a Somersetshire family, who derived their name from Clivedon,
or Clevedon, on the Bristol Channel, a manor which in the Domesday
Survey was held by Matthew de Moretaine, who is supposed to be
their Norman progenitor. As the elder line of the family had
ended in a female, this Matthew must have been a member of a
_ collateral branch. He was married twice. By his first wife he had
at least two sons, and to provide for his second wife and her issue a
settlement was made by final concord of 50 Edward III., between
John Wykying, John Pykering, and Robert Combe, plaintiffs, and
Matthew de Clyvedon and Joan his wife, defendants, whereby the
manor of “Seles” and five messuages, one carucate of land, 3s.
rent, and rent of a bunch of cloves, in Mere, Caldecote, Seles,
Wolverton, and Lyttel Ammesbury, Wiltes, and seven messuages,
thirty acres of land, twelve acres of meadow, and thirty acres of
wood, in Gayspore, Somerset, were limited to the said Matthew and
Joan and the heirs of their bodies; remainder to Alexander, son
to the said Matthew, in tail; remainder to Richard, brother of

‘Coll, Top. and Gen., vii., 148.

;
.

208 Notes on the Documentary History of Zeals.

Alexander, in tail ; remainder to the heirs of the body of the said
Matthew to be begotten; remainder to John de Berkelee, Chiv.,
and his heirs! We learn from the Zeals Court Rolls that after the
death of Matthew he was succeeded by his widow, Joan, who held
a court there 9 Richard II., and 8 Henry IV. John de Clivedon
appears as Lord. He succeeded to the settled estates as the
-son of Matthew and Joan, and by charter dated at Nether Seles
30th April, 2 Henry IV. (1401), which was probably preliminary
to a settlement on his own marriage, he granted to Richard
Wortford, Robert Combe, Clerk, William Stourton, Thomas
Bonham, and their heirs, one moiety of the manor of Nether
Seles and also all lands, &c., which he held in Over Seles, Nether
Seles, Wolverton, Scherewton, Ambresbury, Meere, and Stourton,
Wilts, and in Gaspore, Somerset, “which sometyme were of
John or Thomas Seles, and also which were of John Grenninge,
which John Bonham doth there hold at my will of the new purchase
of Matthew, my father. Witnesses, John Bonham, Peter
Stanton, John Wyking, and others.” He died before 29 Henry
VI., and his wife, Ann (who had the manor for her jointure), kept
the courts until 35 Henry VI., after which her daughters are styled
ladies of the manor. With John de Clivedon the family name
ended, at any rate in connection with Zeals, as he died without
male issue. He died seised of large estates in different counties,
—of the manor of Selys, which he held of John Lysse, or
Lysley, Kt. [Lisle?], as of his manor of Chute, Wilts, by

1 John de Berkeley was probably the son of Thomas, third Baron Berkeley.
He married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Sir John Bettisthorne, Kt., of
Chissenbury, who was a large owner of property in Shaftesbury and Gillingham,
which he inherited from Margery, his mother. On his tomb in Mere Church he
is called the founder of the chantry there, but in fact, he only augmented the
ancient chantry in that Church in honour of the Virgin Mary, of which he was
patron, by increasing the number of chaplains from one to three, and giving
additional lands for their support (Inq. ad q d., 22 Ric. II., No. 96). Benefactors
to religious houses and societies were frequently honoured with the title of
founders. The connection between the Berkeleys or the Bettisthornes and the
Clivedon family remains to be traced.

2 This was John de Lisle, a descendant of Michael and Avice Columbers, owners —
of the overlordship of the manors of Chisenbury and Clive [Clyffe Pypard],

By John Batten. 209

knight’s service,—the manor of Corton, also of one messuage
and one hundred acres of land, six acres of meadow, and one hundred
acres of pasture in Alkanning, and likewise of the manor of Wode-
land, all in Wilts, and of the manor of Uphey [Upway], Dorset,
and of three hundred acres of land in Heythorn in Southpederton,
and of twelve messuages and two hundred acres of land in North-
pederton, in the County of Somerset, all which manors and lands
descended on his death to his three daughters and heiresses, Johanna,
Elizabeth, and Isabella.' Elizabeth was married to John More, and
Isabella to Robert Whiting, by whom she had three sons, George,
Christopher, and John, and on her death her part descended

i. ERRATA.

== 0-—

7
.

p. 208 (note), line 3. dele ‘of Chissenbury.”’
line 4, for “tomb” Jege “ brass.”’

we ewe a ey — —- 9

session to them. They were aimee by their son, - Humphrey
More, of Collumpton, Devon, who died 29 Henry VIII. seised of
this manor and all the Clivedon lands in and about Mere, leaving
John More his son and heir, from whom they were purchased
by the Chafyns.

It is unnecessary to pursue the descent from Chafyn to Grove, as
that is given in detail in the History of Modern Wilts. It may be
observed, however, that no notice is taken in that work of the Free
_ which were inherited by their two daughters, Joan and Nichola, the wife of John

de Lisle, as co-heiresses. The issue of Joan failed, and thereupon the entirety
_yested in Nichola and her descendants( De Banco Roll [16] Hillary, 14 Edw. I.

Bou 3 Exemplification, dated 29th of November, [a Hen. VII., of Inquisitions
and Proceedings in Chancery.

208 Notes on the Documentary History of Zeals.

Alexander, in tail; remainder to the heirs of the body of the said
Matthew to be begotten; remainder to John de Berkelee, Chiv.,
and his heirs! We learn from the Zeals Court Rolls that after the
death of Matthew he was succeeded by his widow, Joan, who held
a court there 9 Richard II., and 8 Henry IV. John de Clivedon
appears as Lord. He succeeded to the settled estates as the
-son of Matthew and Joan, and by charter dated at Nether Seles
30th April, 2 Henry IV. (1401), which was probably preliminary
to a settlement on his own marriage, he granted to Richard
Wortford, Robert Combe, Clerk, William Stourton, Thomas
Bonham, and their heirs, one moiety of the manor of Nether
Seles and also all lands, &c., which he held in Qvar S-1-- ™T
Seles. Walvant-——%™

_~ suzauur ot Chute, Wilts, by

1 John de Berkeley was probably the son of Thomas, third Baron Berkeley.
He married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Sir John Bettisthorne, Kt., of
Chissenbury, who was a large owner of property in Shaftesbury and Gillingham,
which he inherited from Margery, his mother. On his tomb in Mere Church he
is called the founder of the chantry there, but in fact, he only augmented the
ancient chantry in that Church in honour of the Virgin Mary, of which he was
patron, by increasing the number of chaplains from one to three, and giving
additional lands for their support (Ing. ad q d., 22 Ric. II., No. 96). Benefactors
to religious houses and societies were frequently honoured with the title of
founders. The connection between the Berkeleys or the Bettisthornes and the
Clivedon family remains to be traced.

2 This was John de Lisle, a descendant of Michael and Avice Columbers, owners
of the overlordship of the manors of Chisenbury and Clive [Clyffe Pypard],

By John Batten. 209

knight’s service,—the manor of Corton, also of one messuage
and one hundred acres of land, six acres of meadow, and one hundred
acres of pasture in Alkanning, and likewise of the manor of Wode-
land, all in Wilts, and of the manor of Uphey [Upway], Dorset,
and of three hundred acres of land in Heythorn in Southpederton,
and of twelve messuages and two hundred acres of land in North-
pederton, in the County of Somerset, all which manors and lands
descended on his death to his three daughters and heiresses, Johanna,
Elizabeth, and Isabella.1 Elizabeth was married to John More, and
Isabella to Robert Whiting, by whom she had three sons, George,
Christopher, and John, and on her death her part descended
to her eldest son, George Whiting, and, as both he and the next
son, Christopher, died without issue, it came ultimately to John,
the youngest son. The entirety of John Clivedon’s estates thus
belonged to John Whiting, John More, and Elizabeth his wife, and
Johanna Clivedon; and in 1505 they made a partition by which
the manor of “Selys” was (inter alia) allotted to More and his
wife. Notwithstanding this, under the colour of an inquisition
taken after the death of his brother Christopher, John Whiting
set up a claim, as his heir to their mother’s one-third part, and
it was seized by the Crown Escheator pendente lite. Upon the
complaint, however, of More and his wife the authorities were
satisfied that they were justly entitled to the whole, and pursuant
to a decree in Chancery 24 Henry VII. the Crown gave up pos-
session to them. They were succeeded by their son, Humphrey

_ More, of Collumpton, Devon, who died 29 Henry VIII. seised of

q

this manor and all the Clivedon lands in and about Mere, leaving
John More his son and heir, from whom they were purchased

_ by the Chafyns.

It is unnecessary to pursue the descent from Chafyn to Grove, as
that is given in detail in the History of Modern Wilts. It may be

_ observed, however, that no notice is taken in that work of the Free
which were inherited by their two daughters, Joan and Nichola, the wife of John
de Lisle, as co-heiresses. The issue of Joan failed, and thereupon the entirety
vested in Nichola and her descendants( De Banco Roll [16] Hillary, 14 Edw. I.
_ 1! Exemplification, dated 29th of November, 24th Hen. VII., of Inquisitions

4 Proceedings in Chancery.

210 Index to the “ Wiltshire Institutions.”

Chapel at Zeals: but it is clear there was one, for by letters patent,
27 Elizabeth, 1585, “ All that the Free Chapel with one-fourth of
an acre of land north of the Chapel situate in Zeals Clivedon” was
granted to Edward Morrice and James Mayland, from whom it
came to the Chafyns. ,

Ander to the “ Wiltshire Anstitutions ”
As printed by Sir Thomas Phillipps,
Compiled by the late Canon J. E. Jackson, F.S.A., February, 1851.*

Intropuctory Notes.

In the volume called “ Wiltshire Institutions ” Sir Thomas Phillipps has given
abstracts, only from the Institution Registers of the Bishops of Sarum.

There were a great many parishes in Wiltshire under Peculiar jurisdiction,
the institutions to which are entered from A.D. 1548 in the Registers of the
Deans of Salisbury.

The following is a list of these ancient “ Peculiars” in Wiltshire, which, with
a great many others in the Counties of Berks, Dorset, and Devon, constituted a
large episcopal jurisdiction under the Deans of Sarum. This jurisdiction was
abolished by the Queen in Council in A.D. 1847 :—

Close of Salisbury Swallowcliffe Hungerford in Wilts
Combe Bisset Mere Shalborne {and Berks
West Harnham Calne Ogbourne St. Andrew
Wilsford and Lake Cherhill Ogbourne St. George
Woodford Berwick Basset Ramsbury
Durnford Blackland Baydon
Netheravon Highworth Chute
Heytesbury South Marston Bedwyn Magna
Knook Sevenhampton Bedwyn Parva
Horningsham Broad Blunsden Burbage
Hill Deverel Bishopston [in North Wilts]
Peculiars of the Dean and Chapter of Salisbury :—
Bishops Cannings Britford Bramshaw
South Broom Homington
In the Official of Westbury :—

Westbury Dilton Bratton

In the Treasurer of Salisbury :—
Alderbury Pitton Farley [in South Wilts] Figheldean

* The MS. of this Index was purchased by the Wilts Archeological Society at
the sale of Canon Jackson’s Library, May 9th, 1895. It is here printed as left
by the author. Its value to anyone wishing to draw up a list of incumbents of
any given parish is obvious. '

Index to the “ Wiltshire Institutions.” 211

Easton Royal, near Pewsey, was a royal donative until A.D. 1847, and under
no ecclesiastical jurisdiction.
The Institution Registers of the Bishops of Salisbury commence with that of
Simon de Gandavo, the seventeenth Bishop, in A.D. 1297.
The books are by no means perfect, and the following are the omissions to be
principally noticed :—
: Between A.D. 1300 and 1301 many leaves are lost.
Some institutions are lost in the year 1328.
There is a long deficiency from 1354 to 1361.
Again from 1366 to 1375.
Parts of 1474 and 1475 are gone.
Part of 1481, all 1482, 1483, 1484, and part of 1485.
The entries from June, 1493, to the following February are misplaced
in the$Register.
The Register of Bishop Dean is lost, or was never made. The omission
q is from August, 1499, to May, 1502.
: An omission from 1557 to 1560.
Another from 3rd March, 1584-5, to 24th January, 1591-2.
Again from Bishop Coldwell’s death, 14th October, 1596, to the suc-
cession of Bishop Cotton, 12th November, 1598.
A deficiency occurs from 6th October, 1645, to 21st June, 1660.
And again from the latter end of 1689 to the beginning of 1694.
N.B.—

1.—The Roman figures I. and ITI. refer to the two parts of the work ; both
contained in this one volume. [In part I. there are 234 pages. In
part{II. 107 pages. ]

2.—When a number occurs within brackets it signifies that there is a second
or third entry (as the case may be) of the name sought, in the page
then under examination, e.g., “ Aldbourne. II., 2[2].’”’=In the second
part of the volume, and second page, are ¢wo entries of Aldbourne.

f A.
Abbotstone (a/ias Tychburne) Chapel, in White Parish. I., 11, 62,86, 120, 127
144,

Achelhampton. ITI., 65.

Acon, St. Nicholas. I., 58.

Albestone, St. James. I.,72. (Abbeston in Whiteparish.)

Album Monasterium. See Whiteparish, aias Whitchurch.

Aldbourne. I., 3, 82, 100, 103, 114, 115, 145, 153, 163, 166, 211, 231 ; II.,
-:2[2], 4, 10, 15, 20 [2], 23, 38, 58, 63, 87, 91.

Alderstone (White Parish). I., 17.

Alderton, alias Aldrington. IT., 35, 64, 72, 84.

Alleannings. I., 17 (bis), 82, 32 (bis), 57, 66, 70, 93, 94, 113, 119, 135, 139,
: 162, 165, 175, 179, 182, 190, 202, 211, 212, 216, 225, 233; IT., 13, 35, 37,
60, 64, 84, 101, 106, 107.

llington, alias Aldington (near Amesbury). I., 4, 11 (bis), 33, 44, 63, 65,
140, 163, 168, 171, 172, 182, 190, 194, 200, 202, 205, 220 [2]; IT., 12 [2],
45, 55, 58, 61, 83, 88, 97, 99, 105.

PA Index ‘to the “ Wiltshire Institutions.

Alton Chapel. I., 212; ITL., 21, 24.

Alton, Aulton, or ‘Aleta I., 105, 144, 148, 168, 176, 182, 193.

Alton Australis (Prebend), aioe Alton Pancras. I., 70, 74; II., 44, 50,63, 7 7
73, 75, 76, 96 [2].

Alton omn. sanct. I., 133. An error for Cettre, or Chitterne All Saints.

Alton Borealis (Prebend). II., 39, 43, 48, 58, 77, 91. ;

Alton Berners, alias Barnes. I., 3, 17, 23, 30, 37, 46, 54, 60, 75, 76, “80, 104, —
153, 181, 182, 194, 200, 219, 232; IL., 8, 10, 23, 40, 61, 67, 89, 94.

Alton Priors. ITI., 68, 78, 86, 92.

Aleton. I., 15, 27, 28, 44, 48, 58 [2], 69, 74, 77, 79, 83, 109.

Aleton, “ Archd. Sarum.” I., 103.

Aulton, “in Wynton Dioc.” TI., 62.

Alvedestone. I., 3, 10, 11, 27 [2], 28, 31, 34, 39, 54, 113, 116, 119, 123, 130, ;
133, 138, 147, 152, 175, 198, 207 ; II., 11 [2], 50, 58.

Alwardbury. -I., 91., 112.

Amesbury. II., 77, 99, 106.

Appleton. I., 10, 133.

Archdeaconry of Wiltes. See “ Sarum.”

Arley. I., 52.

Ashley. I.,7,9, 12, 23, 26, 29, 55, 58, 61, 66, 74, 79, 95, 97, 99, 103, 143, 145,
146, 152, 166, 177, 190, 208, 216, 223, 226, 234; II., 2, 19, 20, 29, 49, 58,
69, 81, 91, 93, 96, 107.

Ashton Keynes with Leigh. I., 13, 46, 66, 77, 78, 99, 106, 158, 175, 190, 191,
210, 224, 229; IT., 11, 13, 33, 55, 59, 92, 93.

Ashton, Steeple. t, 33, 71, 77, 86 (31, 101, 117, 119, 129, 151, 174, 187, 193, 7
200, 203, 205, 207, 224, 232; II., 4 [2], 18, 24, 34, 39, 42, 68, 72, 85, 94.

Asserton, alias Winterbourne Parva. LI., 2, 6, 18, 48, 86, 90, 117, 152, 176. {

Aston. I., 9. :

Athelhampston (Dorset). TI., 58, 95. q

Atworth Parva, or Cottle. Abrorth, I., 1, 9, 25, 32, 56, 87, 91, 104, 107, 115,
129, 142, 166, 169, 192, 203.

Avebury. I., 1,17, 28, 35, 47, 72, 84, 93, 94, 104, 105, 129, 130, 131, 132 (21,
151, 154, 160, 166, 195, 196, 201, 207, 216, 219, 232; ITI., 23, 31, 52, 72,
83, 95.

4

Avington (Winton Dioc.). I.. 63.
Avon Chapel. I., 28, 45, 49, 68, 132, 133, 143, 146, 186, 187.
Axford. I., 33, 182.

B.
Barford St. Martin’s. .I., 12 [2], 56 [8], 79, 81, 103, 107, 113, 171, 180, 188>
205, 213, 217 [2]; II., 19, 21, 30, 35, 44, 52, 78, 90, 102.
Barrow on Soar. I., 32. ‘
Barton on Dunsmore. I., 35.
Bath (St. Michael’s). TI., 28.
Baverstock. I., 52, 53, 106, 138, 154, 159, 160, 174, 195, 199 [2], 206, 215,
229 ; II., 3, 5, 26, 30, 34, 39, 45, 52, 64, 87, 104.
Beaminster Prima (Prebend). IT., 35, 38, 50, 58, 72, 75, 77, 85, 99, 103.
Beaminster 2da (Prebend). IT., 42, 53, 56, 72, 92, 104.

Compiled by the late Canon J. E. Jackson, F.S.A. 2138 -

Beckhampton Free Chapel (destroyed). I., 4, 10, 12 [2], 45, 68, 70, 87, 123,
+ 185, 156, 179, 202, 211. ;
Bedminster. IT., 45, 71, 87, 91, 105.
Bedwyn Magna (Prebend). I., 32, 178.
Bedwyn Parva. I., 216.
Beechingstoke.: I., 5. 11, 24, 26, 28, 32, 37, 40, 48, 49, 52, 56, 62, 63, 69, 71,
74, 77, 99, 101, 108, 111, 116, 118, 126, 127, 128, 129, 137, 138, 139, 156,
157, 159, 181, 183, 188, 228 ; II., 15, 31, 53, 67, 89.
Belle [Belchalwell: Co..Dorset]. I., 8, 24.
Bemerton. I., 203, 204, 220, 225; IL., 11, 15, 16, 21, 23, 29, 37, 71, 78.
Bereford. See Barford.St. Martin’s. ;
Berleye, or Barlegh. I., 20, 37, 39, 41 [3], 48.
Berwick St. John. .I., 6, 9, 12, 13, 27, 30 [2], 55, 70, 90 [2], 94, 97, 98, 110,
121, 122, 138, 151, 156, 168, 169, 186, 229 ; ITI., 18, 25, 33, 67, 96.
Berwick St. James. I., 2, 6, 7, 10, 28, 30, 49, 112, 131, 134, 140, 145, 149, 157,
+ 192, 194, 195, 196, 206, 218, 222 ; II., 7, 18, 19, 24, 31, 38, 39, 61, 62, 72,
+ 76,77, 80, 81, 84, 88, 92, 95, 100, 107.
Berwick St. Leonard. I., 3, 29, 75, 85, 100, 146, 147, 150, 152, 175, 181, 186,
197, 224, 226, 228; II., 4, 13, 23,45, 57, 63, 83, 87, 106,
Bessils Legh (Berks). I, 51, 74,
Beversbrook Chapel. I., 2.
_ Beynton. I., 10, 34, 35, 48, 55, 57, 86, 90, 106, 108, 11], 113, 114, 115, 129.
- Biddeston, lia Buddeston St.’ Peter’s (Rectory, including B, St. Nicholas).
+ .3.,-20, 27, 42, 52, 53, 76; 105,108, 111 [2], 124, 133, 144, 148, 157, 158,
164, 166, 170, 174, 188 [2], 189, 194, 233; IT., 4, 11, 26.
Biddestone, alias Buddeston St. P. cwm St. N., cum Capella de Slaughterford.
II., 55, 69, 79, 83, 106. 7
Billington, erratum for Willington, alias Calston. II, 68.
Bishop’s Cannings. I., 180. (See Cannings Episcopi).
ishop’s Lavington. (See Lavington). _..
Bishopetone (“super album equum’’), alias Ebbesbourne Episcopi, Rectory or
Prebend (near Salisbury). I., 31, 43, 63, 105, 108, 113, 132, 144, 149, 154,
y 196, 197 [2], 201 [2], 207, 217, 221, 223; IL., 2, 7, 20, 22, 26, 27, 32, 35,
’ 37, 42, 44, 61, 69, 72, 82, 83, 91, 104. ‘
2 Bishopstone, alias Ebbesbourne Epi. (Vicarage). I., 4, 10, 15 [2], 20, 30, 43,
! 46, 49, 52, 75, 76, 80, 81, 82, 85, 123, 128, 136, 154, 173, 179, 185, 188,
190, 193, 203, 204, 210, 227 [2], 232; II., 7, 13, 19, 25, 27, 42, 61, 72,
= Ol.
Bishopstrow. I., 6, 19, 20, 38, 41, 42, 48: (bis), 69, 86, 87, 88, 92 [2], 99 [2],
109, 116, 126 [2], 131, 161, 195, 202 [2], 209, 211, 218, 225; IL., 4, 10,
27, 32, 41, 60, 76, 83, 98.
Bitton, or Bytton. IT., 40 [2], 71, 96, 100, 105, 106.
_ Bixe Gybewynne (Oxon). I., 65, 71.
Blanche Paroche. See Whiteparish.
Bloxham (Oxon). I., 50.
Sethinsdon. St. Andrew. I., 2, 27, 30, 32, 34, 41, 43, 49, 54, 84, 106, 129, 131,
137, 148, 150, 162, 171 [2], 172,184, 199, 210, 212, 219; IT., 2,34, 39, 53,
60, 67, 79, 81, 82, 107,

aoe Ala al ial

oe of i

214 Index to the “* Wiltshire Institutions.’’

Boscombe. I., 3, 4, 9, 36, 76, 80 (bis), 81, 101, 126, 132, 135, 139, 140, 168,
171, 179, 180, 182, 203, 222, 232, 234 [2]; ITI., 8, 15, 16, 24, 30, 35, 37,
39, 49, 51, 57, 60, 67, 69, 73, 84.

Bower Chalk. I., 8, 18, 26, 27, 63, 77, 95, 102, 131, 170, 175, 183 [2], 186 ;
II., 11 [2], 50, 58.

Box. I., 47, 62, 94, 100, 106, 110, 137, 148, 159, 163, 178, 187, 188, 200, 209,
214, 231; II., 21, 43, 48, 68, 87, 99, 100.

Boyton (Rectory). I., 22 [2], 24, 26, 28, 35, 62, 64 [2], 70, 77, 86, 117, 120,
121, 127, 141, 158, 159, 160, 163, 188, 222; II., 1, 5, 43, 54, 61, 81, 82.

Ditto (Chantry or Presbitery). I., 23, 41, 43.
Ditto Corton or Cortington Chapel. I., 6 [2], 14, 19, 81.

Bradfield. ITI., 101.

Bradford. I., 11, 18, 44, 45 [2], 103, 107, 119, 120, 128, 153, 155, 163, 168,
174, 208, 233; II., 17, 23, 50, 76, 96, 97, 100, 104, 106.

Bradford Peverell (Dorset), Prebend of. I., 24.

Bradley, North. I., 14, 40, 41 [2], 46, 55, 74, 91, 95, 98, 116, 118, 119, 144,
165, 180, 210, 211, 212, 215, 219, 229; IT., 3, 16, 21, 24, 29, 51, 56, 61,
62, 68.

Bradley, Maiden. See Maiden Bradley.

Bremilham, alias Cowage. I., 1, 27, 42, 46, 51, 75, 77, 100, 102, 103, 106, 111,
121, 123, 127, 129, 130, 135, 136, 155, 191, 234 [2]; ITI., 14, 28, 33, 37, 47,
52,162, 79, 97, 104.

Bremhill. I., 2, 3, 4, 20, 24, 49, 53, 62, 64 [2], 75, 76, 77, 104, 115, 118, 129,
130, 138, 147, 172, 194, 204, 212, 217, 231 ; IT., 20, 41, 59, 68, 69, 77, 84,
91, 104,

Brightwalton. II., 68 (note).

Brigmilston. See Milston.

Brimpton. I., 72, 119.

Brinkworth. I., 11, 27, 39 (bis), 41, 55, 67 [2], 69, 89, 106, 108, 111, 113, 152,
175, 190, 195 [2], 220, 223; ITI., 14, 21, 31, 51, 64, 79, 80, 87, 90, 103.
Brixton Deverell I, 54, 56, 74, 75 [2], 80, 87, 88, 100, 103, 117, 122, 130,
136, 143, 154, 159, 161, 171, 185, 201, 218, 224, 225, 227 ; II., 16, 22, 25,

30, 50, 52, 70, 86, 91, 100, 104.

Brixworth (Northamp). IT., 37.

Broad Chalk. I., 2 (2), 3, 11, 26, 32, 34, 39, 40, 44, 55, 75, 78, 82, 92, 93, 107,
127, 144, 150, 152, 161, 182, 196, 228; II., 11 [2], 14, 50, 58, 74, 93 [2],
94.

Broad Hinton, or Henton Magna. L., 3, 18, 21, 28, 46, 49, 85, 116, 158, 166,
188, 209, 214, 215, 217, 228; II., 6, 8, 10, 15, 27, 44, 47, 53, 75, 86, 91,
94, 96, 104, 106.

Brokenborough. I., 64; IT., 80, ol.

Bromham, Church, and Chantry of B.V.M. and St. Nicholas. I., 27, 56, 84, 88,
90, 114, 142, 166, 185, 186, 187, 192, 196, 206, 207, 216, 227 ; II., 1, 23,
29, 54, 69, 96.

Broughton Gifford. I., 8, 12, 19 [2], 24, 25, 32, 33, 42, 46, 53, 85, 87 [2], 95,
101, 109, 112, 115, 120, 125, 129 [2], 134, 137, 139, 148 [2], 149, 171, 182,
187, 191, 196, 224; IT., 1, 11, 16, 17, 40, 41, 64, 70 U3} 81, 94.

Brutton, T., 53,

Compiled by the late Canon J. E. Jackson, F.S.A. 215

Buden (Berks?). I., 49.

Buddesden.and Ludgershall (Rectory).. I., 7, 9, 12, 14 [2], 16, 19, 36, 40, 47,
54, 57, 67, 95, 98, 129, 131, 137, 145..

Bulbridge. See Wilton.

Burbage. I., 33, 96, 125 ; ITI., 44 [2], 45, 50, 68, 93.

Burgelon (by corruption Burghleen, and Byrdlime), Chapel of St. Nicholas. See
Porton, in Idmiston.

Burstolck (Dorset). I., 11, 13, 20, 25, 29, 48, 62.

Buttermere. I., 8, 9, 10, 13 [2], 16, 17, 22, 49, 54, 59, 64 [2), 65 (23, 74, 91,
107, 109, 112, 118, 124, 130, 133, 145, 148, 160, 163 [2], 182, 183, 192 [2],
195, 205, 208, 220, 234; II., 12 (2], 13 [2], 14, 18, 36, 45, 57, 60, 71 [2],
75, 82, 86, 95.

Bylleswick Hospital (near Bristol). I., 187.

Byrdlyme. See Burgelon.

Cadbury (Som.). I., 58.
Calne (Vic.*). I., 65, 222.

Ditto (Prebend of). IT., 54, 65.

Ditto (Chantry). I., 206.
Calstone Willincton. I., 3, 4 [2], 26 [2], 31, 33 [3], 34, 35, 36, 49, 53, 55, 56,

77 [2], 78, 79, 82, 88, 109, 121, 126, 128, 136, 140, 144, 149, 154, 189, 192,

; 193, 213, 221; II., 1, 12, 17, 46, 68, 78, 102, 104,
_ Cambridge (near Slimbridge, Glouc.), St. Katherine’s Chantry. I., 131.
- Canford (Dorset), I., 95.
Cannings, Bishops. I., 11., 14, 25, 27, 30, 35, 73, 75, 89, 98, 109, 112, 115, 118,
149, 162, 172, 174, 180, 182, 205, 210, 233 ; IT., 12.
Castle Combe. I., 7, 10, 13, 25, 52, 63, 66, 68, 70, 82, 96, 119, 136, 146, 152,
' 161, 169, 185, 199, 210, 215, 231, 233; ITI., 7, 26, 48, 53, 58, 60 [2], 61,
"79, 89, 94, 97, 99.
Castle Eaton, alias Haton Meysey. I., 4, 34, 39, 54, 70, 72, 73, 102, 125, 128,
__-:139, 169, 177, 197, 214, 217, 228; IT., 12, 14, 29, 39, 43, 44, 45 [2], 63,
70, 80, 99.
_ Caytteway Chantry Chapel. I., 5, 11 [2], 31, 43, 60, 64, 86, 92, 120, 121, 141,
' 152, 155, 160, 166, 176, 198, 201, 224, 228; IT., 9, 37, 93.
Cedyngton. See Cheddington.
Cernecote. See Sharncote.
~Cettre. See Chitterne.
_ Chalbury (Co. Dorset). T., 44, 98.
‘Chalficld, Great, or East. I., 8, 9, 33 [2], 36, 45, 47, 52, 55, 91, 99 (21, 106,
* 108, 109, 115, 136, 172, 193, 198 [2], 200, 205, 219, 228, 233 ; IL., 1, 3,
14, 35, 42, 48, 51, 52, 80, 107.
* Ditto Little, or West. I., 55, 56, 72, 100, 128, 172, 176, 184, 206.
Chalk Prebend. See Broad Chalk.
Chalk (Rochest. Dioc.). I., 106.
Chardstock (Co. Dorset). II., 48, 62, 76, 82, 85, 103.

* William de Wolsely, V. of Calne, 1290. Hist. of Lacock, App., xxiv.

(216 ‘ Index to the “ Wiltshire Institutions.”

Charlton (near Malmesbury). IT., 31,57. (See ‘“ Westport.”)

Charlton (near Pewsey). I., 7, 9, 38, 49, 52, 60, 72, 105, 147, 171, 185, 209,
216, 233 ; II., 13, 22, 46, 68, 90.

Cheddington (Co. Dorset). TI., 9, 45.

Chelesbury (Dorset). See Chalbury.

Chipping Lavington. See Lavington (Market).

Cherbourg. See Winterbourne Gunner.

Cherton, alias Cherrington. TI., 6, 27, 35, 41, 89, 91, 112, 114, 126, 137, 141,
146, 158, 178, 191, 199, 216, 230, 231 ; II., 8, 32, 33, 55, 84, 91.

Cheselbury. See Chalbury.

Cheverell, Great. I., 8, 12 [2], 13 [2], 42, 44, 54, 55, 67, 70, 78, 83, 89, 91,
109, 111, 126 [2], 127, 147, 174, 200, 231; II., 2, 6, 12, 30, 35, 36, 51, 63,
86, 88, 98, 105.

Cheverell, Little. I., 1 [2], 2, 25, 35, 36, 39, 46, 47, 107, 134, 155, 162, 178,
204 [2], 216, 229, 232 ; II., 13, 22, 29, 46, 52, 65, 78, 81, 90, 98.

Ditto Chantry, St. Mary, in Little Cheverell. I., 1, 4, 8,17, 28, 33, 62, 93;
103, 105, 106, 114, 146, 151.

Chicklade. I., 7, 8, 44, 48, 50, 59, 72, 94, 99, 109 [2], 143 [2], 149, 152, 161,
164, 174, 186, 197, 198, 231; IL., 9, 46, 66, 91, 93, 98, 99.

Chilfrome (Dorset). I., 181.

Chilmark. I., 4, 5, 53, 58, 109, 113, 114 [2], 116, 121, 138, 143, 146, 171, 177,
185, 186, 211, 229, 233; II., 6, 22, 24, 40, 46, 61, 72, 84.

Chilrey (Bucks). I., 190.

Chilton Foliot (Church and a Chantry). I., 26, 31, 36 [2], 38, 41, 43, 47, 49,
50 [2], 61, 64, 69, 70, 73, 74, 83 [2], 94 [2], 122, 125, 127, 128, 133, 142,
144, 147, 156, 170, 178, 180, 185, 186, 187, 195, 222, 223 [2]; II., 1, 25,
36, 49, 53, 71, 89. ;

Chilton Egge (near Harwell, Berks). I., 31, 208, 216, 228; II., 21, 66 (note).

Chippenham (Vicarage). I., 7, 10, 27, 31, 47, 53, 61, 63, 67, 70, 87, 91, 96, 128,
147, 156, 157, 159, 180, 185, 199, 214, 217, 227, 231, 233; ITI., 2, 15, 21,
37, 47, 54, 63, 65, 67, 69, 79, 88, 98.

Ditto St. John Baptist Chantry, in gift of Monckton Farley Priory : some-

times called “ Chippenham-Chantry,” or “St. Andrew.” TI., 28, 29, 49, 57,
73, 76, 78, 86, 115, 116, 122, 139, 174, 178, 181, 192 [2], 196, 211.
Ditto St. Mary’s Chantry—(the Hungerford Family). I., 150, 177, 196, 212.
Chirton. See Cherton.
Chiseldon. I., 8, 21, 23, 32, 34, 37, 44, 45, 47, 51, 58, 61, 65, 70, 73, 98 [2], 99,

104, 105, 115, 117, 126, 127, 129, 135, 138, 142, 149, 160, 163, 172, 197, —

211, 212, 221, 222, 230, 231; II., 9, 27, 52, 54, 76, 80, 100, 101, 102.
Chisenbury (Prebend). IT., 36, 44 [2], 45, 54, 56, 61, 70, 84, 92 [2], 103.
Chitterne All Saints. I., 7, 24, 26, 102, 117, 118, 124; 133* 157, 170, 178, 179,

215, 223 [2], 230; IL., 21, 23, 34, 47, 66, 70, 98 [2].

Ditto St. Mary’s. I., 17, 27, 47, 51, 76, 113, 134, 151, 159, 160, 161, 169,

203, 221, 224, 226; IL., 15, 39, 40 [2], 66, 73, 98, 107.

Cholderton, West. I., 1, 6 [2], 7, 21, 31, 43, 85, 87, 136, 141, 143, 149, 162,

175, 177, 198, 223, 231; II., 2, 3, 11, 24, 49, 56, 72, 84, 87, 102, 103. ;

' * Tn the text, Alton is an error. for Chitterne,

a

Compiled by the late Canon J. E. Jackson, FS.A. 217

Christmal-ford. I., 8 [3], 9, 15, 52, 55, 71, 94, 101, 103, 108, 113, 115, 118,
122, 150, 153, 177, 182, 185, 193, 197, 212, 231; LI., 5 [2], 25, 38, 42, 47,
62, 64, 76.

Churhulle (Line. Dioc.). I., 111.

Churton. See Cherton.

Chute. I., 74; IT., 36, 44, [2], 45, 54, 56, 61, 70, 84, 92 [2], 103,

Claverton (Bath Diow), I., 81.

Cleverton. IT., 81, 99.

Cliffe Pypard. I., 5, 24, 25, 28, 29, 38 [2], 65 [2], 87,.111 [2], 112, 125, 126,
130, 132, 157, 172, 191, 211, 221, 231; IT., 8, 11, 21, 23, 25, 38, 40, 55, 71,
. 84, 90, 96.

Codford St. Mary’s. I., 1, 18, 19, 53, 54, 90, ‘118, 127, 170, 177 [2], 185, 190,
216, 218, 221, 226; II., 7, 22, 26, 44, 46, 47, 69,

Codford St. Peter’s, or West Codford. I, 29, 31, 53, 107, 145, 160, 163, 165,
170, 180, 187, 206, 211 [2], 213, 215; IT. 4, 6, 17,.21, 37, 62, 80, 89, 95,

Colerne. I., 1, 3, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 22 [2], 27, 34, 35, 36, 44, 52, 60,
69, 87, 91, 93, 94, 101, 108, 109, 110, 123, 125, 130, 150, 162, 166, 175,
a 185, 187, 198, 209, 223, 224, 228, 231; IL., 3, 4, 7, 22, 23, 25, 27, 31,

, 30, 37, 40, 43 [2], 46, 48, 50, 52, a 56, 59, 61, 68, 70, 79, 82, 86, 98,
=

Collingbourne Abbats. I., 9, 22 [2], 25, 97, 29, 38 [2], 40, 43, 45, 53,'57, 64,
66, 68, 71, 77, 79, 80, 95, {97, 105,110, 114, 116, 118, 139 [2], 140, 155,
207, 227; IT., 84.

Ballinebourne, ie Regis or Kingston. ITI., 6 24 [2], 33, 34, 47, 67, 76, 80.

Collingbourne Comitis, alias Ducis, alias St. Andrew’s, I., 7, 15, 19, 26, 70,
73, 92, 103, 122, 128, 184 [2], 211, 212, 216, 230; IT., 8, 16, 22, 25, 45 [2],
66, 67, 70, 76, 94.

Combe Prebend. I., 218; II., 32, 37, 41, 46, 56, 64, 89, 92, 96, 100, 103.

Compton sub Album dwar, or Compton Beauchamp (Co. Berks). TI., 8.

Compton Basset (alias Long Compton, p. 195). I., 10, 11, 23, 33, 54, 56, 103,
122, 147, 164, 167, 182, 188, 195, 200, 204, 207, 215; ITI., 3, 4, 20 [2], 26,
30, 31, 41, 50, 70, 73, 78, 90, 91 [2].

Compton Chamberlain. I., 6, 13 [5], 15, 20, 23, 24, 55, 58, 92, 93, 100, 109,
113, 119, 151, 170, 177, 198, 234; II., 17, 22, 49, 54, 63, 64 [2], 73, 101,
105.

Compton V. (?) TI., 40, 81, 118.

Compton Abbas (Dorset). I., 26, 71, 78.

Compton Episcopi. I., 157. aie

Corsham. I., 10, 18, 33, 37, 49, 50, 73, 74, 92 [2], 101, 149, 150, 152, 155 [2],
160, 165, 182 [2], 214, 216, 219, 222; IT,, 19, 24, 29, 35, 52, 55, 60, 73,

4 82, 96.

4 orsley. I., 7, 9, 14 [2], 23, 29, 33, 45, 62, 79, 82, 83, 115, 120, 123, 130, 132,
144, 145, 169, 183, 197, 208, 219, 221, 228, 230; II, 5, 22, 29, 59, 66, 68,
81, 84, 86, 92, 94, 95.

Corston, or Corton, in Hillmarton. I., 39, 49 [3], 52, 64, 74, 80, 81, 83, 118,
120, 122, 184, 197. j

: Corston, near Malmesbury. II., 93, See Malmesbury, St. Paul’s,

- Corton. See Corston, in “Hillmartons

VOL. XXVIII.—NO, LXXXIV. Q

218 Index to the “ Wiltshire Institutions.”

Cortington. See Boyton.

Cottles, or Cotels. See Atworth.

Coulston, or Covelstone. I., 7, 12, 16, 18, 19, 20 [2], 29, 31, 47 [2], 74, 112,
119, 122, 131, 133, 136, 140, 151, 161, 177, 194, 197, 215, 217, 221, 224;
II., 2, 13, 16, 27, 31, 39, 51, 67, 72, 88, 100.

Cowitch Beauchamp. See Bremelham.

Cowsfield Spileman. I., 30, 39, 47.

Ditto Loveraz. I., 7 [2], 12, 17, 36, 47, 118, 145, 154,
Ditto Esturmy. I., 67, 87.

Cranle. I., 59.

Cricklade, St. John’s Hospital, I., 19, 36, 51, 56, 76, 122, 126, 159, 166, 175.

Cricklade, St. Sampson’s. I., 15 [2], 16 [2], 17, 21, 22, 28, 45, 46, 47 [2], 52 [2],
57, 59, 71, 72, 73 [2], 83 [2], 89 [21, 107, 120, 136, 144, 165, 174, 186, 198,
224; II., 1, 29, 47, 70, 74, 77, 79, 95, 107.

Cricklade, St. Mary’s. I., 24 [3], 25 [2], 39, 48, 56, 65, 67, 68 [2], 69, 74, 76,
89, 94, 98, 101, 117, 119, 123, 125, 127, 134, 136, 145 [2], 148, 152, 153,
155, 157, 167, 168, 178, 185, 188, 191, 197, 231 ; II., 10, 13, 23, 24, 47, 70,
74, 90.

Crosscombe. I,, 61. -

Crudwell. I., 3, 16, 55, 57, 58, 63, 66, 79, 115, 120, 121, 142, 144, 160, 165,
166, 189, 191, 199, 201, 216; II,, 1, 22, 34, 36, 43, 55, 81, 91.

Cudham (Rochester Dioc.). I, 67.

Cudlington (Linc. Dioc.), I., 61.

Culstone. See Calstone,

Dz.

Damerham, South, with Marton Chapel. I., 13, 18, 36, 53, 75, 84, 86, 112, 140,
144, 150, 158, 160, 172, 185, 205, 217, 225; IT., 1, 3, 11, 15, 33, 45, 58,
75, 83.

Dauntesey. I., 5 [2], 21, 24, 28, 41, 61, 63, 78, 93, 107, 110, 123, 155, 182,
186, 193, 199, 213; II,, 6. 21, 33, 51, 52, 57, 62, 74, 77, 101.

Deanery of Sarum. ITI., 61.

Dean, West, Chantry of St. Mary. ° I., 51, 57, 78, 80, 101 [2], 102, 106.

Ditto Rectory. I., 2, 15, 29, 62, 76, 82, 86, 87, 97, 101 [2], 106, 109, 115,
128, 140, 169, 171, 219, 228; II., 11, 24, 32, 88, 53, 65, 76, 79, 90, 97 [2].

Dean, Hast. I., 14, 25, 110, 150.

Denford (Line. Dioc.). I., 62,

Denton (Cant. Dioc.). I., 58. ax

Deverill, Longbridge (or Longpound). I., 7, 18, 30, 33, 51, 54, 62, 63, 70, 72,
75, 89, 92, 94, 123, 159, 172, 176, 178, 199, 204, 213, 233; I¥,, 7, 11, 27,
38, 40, 58, 79, 105,

Deverill, Kingston. I., 75, 95, 109, 112, 116, 162, 189, 192, 214, 221, 228;
II., 9 [2], 21, 23, 42, 61, 64, 69, 85, 106,

Devizes, R. I,, 10, 11, 45, 53, 76,77. St. J. and St. M., 84, 87, 88, 102, 103,
106, 110, 117, 120, 123, 158, 163, 164, 167, 168, 180, 198, 203, 213, 223,
224; IT., 2, 21, 38, 57, 68, 87, 95.

Ditto Priory of Hosp. of St.J. I., 12, 18, 31, 192. Chantry of ditto. I., 158,

Compiled by the late Canon J. E. Jackson, FS.A. 219

Dinton (or Donington). I., 7, 17 [2], 25, 27, 31, 37, 52, 54, 73, 76, 77, 78, 79,
85 [2], 90, 91, 108, 111, 120, 124, 128, 132, 133, 137, 138, 146, 158, 168,
170, 176, 193, 201, 202, 203, 210, 211, 218 [2], 225; ITI., 23, 26, 28, 32 [2],
41, 43, 64, 80, 87 [2], 101.

Ditchridge. I., 6, 10 [2], 27, 47, 50, 56, 60, 88, 97, 111, 113, 114, 117, 124,
130, 160, 176, 180, 210,212, 218, 219, 232; IE., 11., 13, 18, 33, 39, 49,
54, 60, 83, 95, 99.

Ditchampton. See Wilton.

Dogmersfield (Hants). Ip, 58,

Domisellus, TI., 81, 83, 84, 85, 86 (bis), 87 [3], and subsequent pages.

Donhead St. Andrew. I., 4 [3], 6, 18, 23, 26, 29, 36, 53, 852], 109, 112, 114,
135, 144, 145, 146, 154, 155, 156, 172, 181, 196, 197, 221, 233, 234; II., 16,
30, 39, 70, 90, 91, 106, 107,

Donhead St. Mary. I., 1, 42, 57, 85, 124, 128, 137, 158, 181, 187, 211, 218,
222; II,, 22, 42, 67, 71, 99.

Donington. See Dinton.

Downton. I., 5, 16 [2], 53, 67, 88, 98, 100, 101, 105, 109, 118, 135, 139, 200,
218, 230; IT., 19, 24, 53, 56, 88, 100.

Down Ampney. LI., 60.

Draycote Cerne. I., 5, 34, 40, 65, 69, 83, 96, 98, 101, 102, 143, 144, 149, 150,
151, 165, 198, 221, 231; IZ., 7, 16, 21, 26, 41, 51, 66, 72, 79, 90, 101.

Draycote Foliots I,, 221, 223, 224, 231; II, 6, 27, 51, 57, 67, 78, 90, 96.

Dumbleton (Glouc.), I. 60.

Durnford, Prebend, I., 26, 67, 75, 91, 163, 214 ; II., 42, 44, 49, 60, 77, 82.

Durrington. IT., 81, 102, 104.

Easton. I., 11,

Ditto Hospital, I., 25, 163, 199,

Easton Grey. I., 10, 12, 21, 24, 28, 32, 54, 82, 85, 88, 90, 94, 99, 101, 103,
110 [2], 124, 129, 139, 146, 167, 175, 179, 184, 193, 194, 195, 211, 229,
224, 229, 230 ; IT., 9, 17, 26, 31, 39, 44, 51, 64, 67, 84 [2], 100.

Easton Piers, or Percy, I., 17.

Eaton Hastings. I., 165,

Ebbesborne Wake. I., 187; II., 21,

Ebblesborne Episcopi. See Bishopstone.

Edyngdon Priory. I., 124, 141, 154, 176, 192.

Edyngdon, Preb., Rector, Viediads or C. ZL, 1 [2], 4,11, 15, 30, 33, 34, 48,
207 ; IT., 92.

Bilcorabe, or Elicombe. I., 8, 16 [2], 25, 41, 48, 52, 56, 108, 126, 139,

Elingdon. See Wroughton.

Elmerton. See Hillmarton.

Enborne (Berks). I., 16; ITI., 53, 54.

Enford. I., 25, 26, 35, 40, 44, 47, 48, 86, 87, 108, 146, 152, 154, 160, 161, 176,
180, 189, 205, 226, 233; IT., 12, 31, 59, 63, 90, 92, 97,

Erdington (Berks), I., 16, r

Q 2

e
220 Index to the “ Wiltshire Institutions.”

Erchfont. I., 2, 9, 15, 18, 45, 46, 54 [2], 58, 59, 95, 107 [2], 112, 115, 116, 120,
135, 138, 145, 149, 155, 164, 169 [2], 180, i94, 197, 204; IL. 21, 22, 25,
32, 40, 62, 86, 88, 90, 101, 102.

Erlestoke. II., 74, 76, 96.

Estcote (in Erchfont parish). I., 16, 19 [3], 23, 35, 93, 108, 116, 118, 184, 182,
202. ;

Eton (Berks). I., 124.

Eton Meysey. See Castle Eaton.

Everley. I., 21, 23, 25, 26, 54, 57, 68, 73, 83, 119, 122, 124, 126, 141, 151, 154,
166, 172, 212, 218, 222; IT., 1, 23, 53, 54, 67, 77, 84, 86, 96, 104.

Ewelme (Oxon). I., 49, 59, 87 (note).

Ewen, or Ewelme Chapel (Wilts). II., 24 (see Kemble).

Eysey. I., 10, 46, 48, 54, 97, 120, 122, 124, 125, 146, 147, 159, 164, 195, 207,
225; IL., 12, 21, 28, 39, 59, 63, 64, 67, 80, 90, 91. .

F.

Farley (Monachorum alias Monkton). I., 30, 33, 44, 70, 104, 106; 112, 115 [2],
119, 127, 133, 150, 156, 157, 165, 187, 188, 203; II., 4, 20, 21, 33, 34, 35,
43, 44, 52, 66 [2], 76, 90, 93.

Fenny Sutton. See Sutton Veney.

Figheldean. I., 78, 98.

Fifhide (Dorset). I., 29, 55, 77, 80, 83, 198. :

Fifield Chapel, in Overton. I., 223; IL., 28, 68, 78, 86, 92, 2

Fifield Bavant, alias Skydmore. I, 6, 7, 8, 15, 29, 40,41, 49, 51, 85, 98, 116,
165, 171, 178, 186, 202, 225; TL, 4, 18, 23, 43, 51, 73, 88.

Fifield Curacy. IT., 104.

Fisherton Anger (Aucher). I., 17, 31, 66, 82, 84, 123, 135, 138, 144, 147, 160,
174, 195, 196 [2], 213, 228, 233; IT., 1, 2, 3, 9, 21, 63, 75, 78, 93, 95, 96,
98, 104.

Ditto Cryour’s Chantry. I., 22, 42, 51, 53, 56 [2], 57 [2],.62, 89, 90, 102,
118, 126, 127, 1382, 143, 146, 164, [2], 193, 196, 202.

Fisherton Delamere, St. Nicholas. I., 23 [2], 24 [2], 25, 50 (2 , 52, 54, 65, 73,
79, 84, 87, 97 [2], 100, 107, 131, 140, 149, 165, 176, 178, 201, 221, 225,
234; IL., 7, 19, 32, 34, 56, 66, 70, 86, 89, 97, 100, 104.

Fittleton. I., 1, 5 [2], 8, 10, 13, 19, 21, 30, 32, 41, 53, 58, 67, 70, 74, 87, 90,
102, 110, 111, 121, 126 [2], 152, 170, 189, 208, 216, 224, 233; IL., 12, 22,
25, 30, 41, 42, 63, 86, 99.

Fitzwarren. See Stanton F.

Fonthill Episcopi. I., 4, 5 [2], 23, 24, 32, 36, 40, 102, 132, 138, 148, 164,
165 [2], 166, 167, 196 [2], 222; II., 10, 19, 21, 36, 37, 45, 72, 87 [2], 97.

Fonthill Giffard, or Nether Fonthill. I., 2 [2], 3, 17, 26, 30, 37, 42, 74, 78, 89,
90, 99, 124, 133, 149, 196, 213, 214 [2], 224; IL., 6, 22, 37, 45, 50, 72, 73,
84, 99.

Fordington. ITI., 59, 77, 82, 100.

Fovant (Foffunt). I., 6, 55, 73, 96, 97, 115, 122, 162, 183, 185, 199, 208, 217 ;
TI,, 8, 14, 33, 46, 58, 75, 78, 80; IL., 8, 14, 33, 46, 56, 75, 78, 80.

Foxcote (in Linc. Dioc.). I., 20

Foxham. II., 41. See Bremhill.

— a

oO a ee

Compiled by the late Canon J. E. Jackson, FSA. 221

Foxley. I., 30, 54, 59, 73, 105, 109, 123, 126 [2], 127, 129, 148, 169, 184, 221,
228, II., 14, 16, 21, 35, 36, 60, 80, 105.

Froxfield. I., 8, 10 [2], 20, 43, 55, 68, 80, 82, 89, 118, 145, 148, 173, 195, 212,
220, 228 ; II., 3, 7, 8, 14, 30, 40, 59, 82, 86, 94.

Fugglestone. I., 39 [2], 51, 54, 55, 57 [2], 66, 73, 96, 112, 139, 143, 155, 176,
203, 204, 205, 212, 220, 225 ; IZ., 11, 15, 16, 21, 23, 29, 37, 52, 71, 78, 94.

G.

Garsden. I., 1, 9, 31, 56, 57, 60, 79, 129, 139, 154, 176, 189, 190, 212, 214,
217, 219, 229; ITI., 7, 20, 31, 45, 53, 61, 81, 99.

Garsington (Oxon). I., 31.

Garston, East (Berks.). I., 105.

Gillingham, Major. IT., 37, 38, 44, 56, 60, 63, 98.

Gillingham, Minor. IT., 34, 38 [2], 41, 53, 54 [2], 72, 86, 103.

Godmanstone Chantry. See Sarum.

Gonner. See Winterbourne.

Gore Chantry. I., 41. ig ee

Grantham (Aust. and Bor, Prebend), I., 220; IL., 39, 43, 44, 48, 60, 61, 73,
76, 93 [2}.

Grately (Wint. Dioc.). I., 34.

Grimstead, East. I., 7, 63, 111, 141, 165, 167, 185, 215 ; II., 81, 83, 97, 102.

Grimstead, West. I., 13, 46, 50, 66, 85, 88, 91, 92, 105, 107, 194; II., 13, 15,

"19, 22, 36, 38, 54, 69.

Grimston. ITI., 56, 73, 100,101. (See Yatminster.)

Grittleton. I., 22, 82, 84 [2], 89 [2], 102, 103, 108, 115, 118, 123, 133, 139, 159,
174, 189, 196, 209, 211, 216, 226; IT., 10, 33, 43, 55, 74, 81, 102.

Gutting, inferior (Glouc.). I., 87 (note).

H.

Hackleston. See Hakenestone.

Hakeborn. I., 4, 24. soe ag oie

Hakenestone, or Haklestone, in Fittleton parish. I., 21 [3], 30, 100, 102, 111,
125, 171, 179.

Haldeway (in Chute), I., 74.

Halstock. ITI., 51, 73, 76, 95, 105.

Halton (B. and W. Dioc.). I., 59.

Ham. I., 4, 5, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17, 31, 62, 74, 77, 147, 169, 172, 188, 224, 231 ;
II., 8, 9, 21, 42, 55, 71, 85, 99, 102.

Hambury (Wore. Dioc). *I., 72.

Hampton Pontis (Line. Dioc.), I., 61.

Haningfield, South (Lond. Dioc.). TI., 61.

_ Hankerton. I., 39, 74, 84, 96, 98, 124, 126, 137, 164, 196, 197, 215 ; IZ., 1,
- 45, 54, 58, 81, 93. ’

Hanley (Cov. Dioc.). I., 64.

Hannington. I., 3, 8, 15, 36, 39, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 68, 71 [2], 87, 88, 93, 101,

, 120, 124, 125, 160, 163, 169, 183, 187, 209; II., 1, 9, 14, 15, 23, 29, 37

40, 49, 51, 52, 56, 66, 67, 83, 87. ne ap ‘

222 Index to the “ Wiltshire Institutions.”

Hardenhuish. I., 2, 34, 49, 56, 64, 65, 86, 98, 138, 153, 156, 161, 167, 198,
212, 223, 232, 234; II., 17, 21, 23, 38, 47, 69, 79, 85, 88.

Harnham. See Combe Prebend.

Haselbury (Box). I., 41 [2], 71, 91, 94 [2], 96, 97, 100, 101, 102 [2], 105, 113,
125,{127, 129, 130, 133, 137, 141, 155, 165, 183, 233 ; II., 5, 14, 38, 52, 69, 92.

Haselbury (Co. Dorset). I., 27, 83.

Haselbere, or Haselborough (Co, Somerset), I., 88.

Hastingleigh (Co. Kent). II., 76,

Hatherley (Wore. Dioc.). I., 32.

Haxton. See Haknestone. II., 22, 25.

Hedington. I., 2, 7, 61, 95, 96, 97, 101, 102, 104, 109, 114, 121, 130, 137, 143,
174, 200, 203, 209, 210, 225, 227 ; II., 4, 30, 57, 59, 69, 75, 101.

Helton (Dorset). I., 50, 70.

Hemington (B. and W. Dioc.). I, 93.

Hendon (Lond. Dioc.). I., 59.

Henlawe (Linc.). I., 29.

Henton (?). I., 18, 59, 65, 72.

Heytesbury Hospital. I., 219; II., 40.

Highway Chapel. I., 231; II., 41. See-Bremhill, -

Highworth, Prebend, or Vicarage? TI., 17, 48, 58, 93, 102, 153, 165, 184, 187,
188, 203, 218, 231; II., 3, 8, 11, 16, 17, 41,.48, 50, 64, 75, 88, 93.

Hillmerton. See-also Wydecombe and Corston. I., 1, 3, 21, 37, 55, 65, 79, 112;
143, 173, 180, 201, 212, 215, 223, 229; IL., 14, 26, 36, 45, 64, 75, 102.

Hilperton. I., 2 [2], 6, 54, 77, 83, 87, 90, 105, 111, 116, 137, 152, 181, 192,
208, 212, 217, 226, 230; II., 13, 19, 25, 32, 46, 58, 74, 88, 94, 99.

Hindon, Preb. TI., 33.

Hinton, Broad, a/zas Hinton Magna.. See Broad Hinton.

Hinton, Little. I., 3, 9, 10, 13, 17, 18 [P], 21 [P], 31 [2], 35, 40, 54, 56, 58, 84,
85 [2], 87, 91, 103, 113, 125, 148, 149, 154, 158, 222 [2], 225; IT., 6, 18,
22, 34, 39 [2], 69, 74, 95 [2], 105, 106.

Hynton (Berks). I., 164,

Houghton (Linc.), I, 51,

Hullavington. I., 1, 38, 39, 42, 48, 51, 58, 62, 63, 65, 66, 86, 92, 96, 97, 100,
104, 107, 110, 112, 120, 131, 136, 139, 146, 154, 156, 161, 190, 216; IT., 1,
18, 33, 42, 43, 47, 50, 68, 75, 96,

Huish (Doignel). I., 3, 10, 32, 42, 46, 56, 77, 87, 88, 91, 92, 97, 103, 111, 117,
118, 121, 125, 135 [2], 146, 148, 153, 154, 160, 161, 164, 165, 167, 172,
193, 212; IL., 15, 24, 41, 46, 74, 82, 88.

Hungerford. I., 74, 85, 123, 139 [2], 180.

Ditto Holy Bn. Chantry of Robert Hungerford, I., 81, 85, 86, 99, 112,
113, 115, 131, 138, 167, 173, 211,

Hurstbourne. I., 33; II., 44 [2], 45, 50, 68, 93.

Hyntone. See Little Hinton.

Hyntebergh (Hereford). I., 39 (note).

UE
Idmiston. I., 4, 11, 34, 40, 65, 78, 81, 103, 118, 120, 124, 128, 131, 132, 133 [2],
187, 232; IL., 9, 22, 45, 72, 84, 89,92. See also Burgelon and Portone
Ilchester (B. and W. Dioc.). TI., 70.

—————|

;

Compiled by the late Canon J. E. Jackson, F.S.A. 228

Ilfracomb. IT., 39, 54, 56, 60, 75, 90, 96, 107.

Illogan, St, (Cornwall). I., 52.

Immer, or Imber, I., 5, 14, 22, 23 [4], 29, 34, 39 [5], 40 [2], 41, 54, 63, 78;
103, 106, 117, 126, 128 [2], 129, 145; IT., 105.

Inglesham. I., 50, 57, 69 [2], 74, 98, 108, 142, 145, 147, 183, 184, 193, 195,
197, 206, 213, 219; II., 7, 21, 23, 30, 46, 47, 55, 56, 66, 81.

Iwele (Wore. Diocese). TI., 63.

Iwerne Courtenay. See Yverne.

J.
Jetton. I., 16. (No doubt Yatton Yeynell).

K,

Kayleway, or Kelloway. See Cayllewaye.

Keevil. TI-., 3, 29, 35, 39, 50, 53 [3], 87, 89 [2], 142, 151, 160, 190, 196, 214,
231 (2]; IT., 9, 30, 31, 46, 65, 80, 92, 102.

Keighaven. II., 97.

Kelwayes. See Callewaye Chantry Chapel.

Kemble. I., 24, 48, 49, 51, 61, 76, 79, 106, 109, 111, 131, 133, 143, 166, 209,
216, 222, 230 [2]; ITI., 24, 26 (note), 48 [2], 79, 82, 93, 94.

Kenetbury. I., 147.

Kennet. I., 7 [2], 15, 16, 30, 33, 38, 46, 49, 57, 71, 113, 116, 127 [2], 128, 129,
137, II., 94. :

Kingston Deverill. See Deverill Kingston.

Kington, Great (Dorset). I., 8, 74, 119, 181, 202,

Kington St. Michael. I., 14, 46, 53, 72, 89, 92, 96 [2], 104, 107 [2], 108, 110,
125, 132, 155, 166, 181, 194,[2], 203, 223; IT., 7,27, 42, 51, 54, 74,489 [2], 90.

Kington, West. I., 57, 58, 61, 72, 77, 81, 82, 84, 86, 101, 108, 112, 121, 134,
147, 155, 201, 208, 210, 230, 234; II., 16, 17, 33, 45, 48, 53, 68, 73, 78, 90,

. 100, 101.

Knighton Chantry (in Broad Chalk), I., 19, 32 [2], 34, 37 [2], 42, 48 (2), 57,
59, 62, 83, 116, 117, 119, 126, 132, 175.

Knighton juxta Mayne. I., 50.

Knoyle, East, alias Magna, alias Episcopi. I., 12, 14, 21, 31, 93, 158, 197,
225 ; II., 5; 8, 12, 22, 26, 43, 48, 71 [2], 99.

Knoyle, Parr, alias West, or Odierne. (See also North Newton.) I., 225, 227 ;
II., 14, 33, 46, 51, 56, 63, 71, 94, 107.

L.

Lachingdon (Essex). I., 29.

Lackham Chapel. I., 48, 50, 98.

Lacock. I., 16, 37, 45, 54, 60, 86, 87, 88, 96 [2], 121, 137, 143, 144, 173,185,
195, 220, 227, 228, 230, 231, 232; IL., 9, 34, 39, 42, 48, 65, 72, 75, 78, 28,

Landford. I., 10, 12, 35, 36, 60, 71, 73, 91, 92 [2], 123, 127, 130, 142, 147,

‘ 151, 159, 168, 183, 184, 190, 194 [2], 208, 215, 216, 232; II., 12, 31, 38,
44, 48, 58, 74, 80, 89, 100, 101.

Langford, Little, or L. Angers. I., 20 [2], 22, 29, 30, 34, 44, 45, 51, 52, 78, 97,

' 118, 121, 122 (2), 127, 134, 199, 200, cad 230; ITI., 3, 15, 17, 23, 33, 43,
55, 66, 73, 86, 99.

224 Index to the ** Wiltshire Institutions.”

Langford, Little, or L. Angus, Chantry. I., 148, 181.

Langford, Steeple, or Magna. I., 2 [2], 5, 18, 43 [2], 44, 107, 126, 127, 134,
141, 143, 165, 184, 187, 189, 191, 213, 215, 226; ITI., 5, 18,81, 44, 47 [2],
64, 81, 90, 98, 103.

Langley Burrell. TI., 6, 19, 38 [2], 45, 54, 62, 63, 70, 76, 82, 104, 119, 131, 137,
141, 150, 173, 183, 202, 234; IT., 19, 22, 42, 44, 46, 70, 87, 88, 105.

Lasborough. I., 51.

Latton. T., 12, 46, 48, 55, 58, 64, 99, 104, 136, 138, 150, 157, 166, 173, 182,
197, 223, 229 ; EI., 16, 31, 36, 37, 45, 50, 58, 70, 73, 86, 89, 91.

Laverstock, I., 6, 25, 34, 46, 57, 74, 76, 78, 96, 98, 124, 126, 128, 132, 136, 138,
150, 181, 191, 224.

Lavington East, alias “Forum,” “ Market,” “Chepyng,” or “Staple.” T.,,
2, 4, 13, 14, 19, 20, 23, 26 [2], 35, 37, 42, 44, 45. 50, 52, 53, 69, 72, 76, 94,
102, 104, 140, 145, 151, 162, 178, 196, 201, 215, 228, 229 ; II., 3, 12, 29,
30, 32, 55, 74, 105.

Ditto Chantry. I., 47, 63, 90, 100, 102, 104, 106, 115, 124, 143, 165, 173,
182, 184, 186, 206.

Lavington, West, alias Bishop’s. I., 4, 9, 16, 24, 44, 116, 128, 151, 177, 186,
195, 215, 228, 229, 230, 232; II., 21, 23, 27, 32 [2], 55, 60, 62, 65, 92, 96,
98, 103, 104. ;

Lazarton. TI., 62.

Lea and Cleverton. See Garsdon.

Leckford (Hants). I., 61.

Leigh Delamere. I., 3, 5, 21, 22, 29, 36, 38, 82, 105, 115, 117, 128, 142, 143,
155, 159, 160, 170, 195, 205, 206, 217, 230; II.,-5, 17, 33, 57, 63, 74, 93.

Leyndon (in Dioc. London). I., 59.

Lewknor (Co. Oxon). I., 29, 71.

Liddington. I., 1, 5, 9, 11, 38, 43, 45, 47, 65, 74, 83, 96, 105, 117, 120, 125,
127, 129, 145, 167, 180, 183, 186, 191, 192, 193, 206, 218, 220, 222, 226,
231, 232; IL., 5, 13, 16, 17 [2], 43, 46, 51, 70, 78, 85, 88, 100, 102.

Littlecote Chapel. I.39 [2].

Littleton (Dorset). I., 60, 75.

Littleton Drew. I., 16, 25, 36, 40 [2], 51, 58, 62, 67, 73 [2], 86, 89, 96, 99,
100, 101, 108, 111, 132 [2], 167, 189, 207, 215, 219; IT., 3, 4, 17, 34, 48,
53 (2], 68, 74, 87, 106.

Llandaff Archd. TI., 140.

Locking. I., 157.

London, St. Martin’s. I., 57.

Longworth (Berks). I., 21, 26.

Luckington. I., 11, 32, 34, 46, 62 [2], 120 (Co. Somerset P), 133, 201, 204, 221,
226; II., 12, 27, 33, 34, 36, 56, 78, 98. —

Ludgarshall. Church anciently called Buddesden, g.v. TI., 138, 140, 145, 155,
156, 158, 161, 167, 179, 190, 192, 215, 223; ITI., 21, 30, 48, 81, 88.

Lydiard Millicent, or North Liddiard. I., 35, 38, 64, 79, 80, 81 [2], 100, 105,
106 [2], 108, 110, 112, 123, 126. 127, 134, 148, 150, 156, 165, 167, 192,
225, 230; II., 3, 8, 27, 28, 58, 75, 93, 107.

Lydiard Tregoz. I., 5, 18, 20, 22, 38 [2], 42, 48, 56, 71, 84, 120, 122, 136, 170,
179, 191, 209, 225, 228; ITI., 7, 21 [2], 53, 66, 72, 90.

Compiled by the late Canon J.-E. Jackson, F.S.A, 225

Lyme. ITI., 51, 73, 76, 95, 105,
«Lyneham. ITI., 35,

M.

“Maiden Bradley. TI., 9, 14, 16, 18, 30, 69; II., 99.
“Major Pars Altaris. IT., 36, 41, 43, 61,75, 77, 94, 104.
Malmesbury, St. Paul’s. I., 3, 11, 28, 32, 45, 51, 53, 63, 70, 72, 79, 117, 129,
152, 179, 181, 194, 205, 210, 221, 222 [2], 223; II., 6, 9, 10, 17, 27, 29,
30, 34, 46, 47, 73, 93,97. ©
Ditto St. Mary Westport. T., 4, 6, 14, 51, 60, 66, 75, 79, 82, 83, 88, 96, 114,
123, 124, 139, 147, 148, 149, 151, 161, 166, 191, 194, 199, 203, 207, 219 ;
II., 31, 47, 57, 73, 80, 91, 101, 104.
Malpas moiety. I., 64.
Manningford Abbots.. I., 3, 29, 49, 54, 98, 99, 109, 111, 125, 130, 151, 164,
167, 172, 184, 196, 203, 229; ITI., 11., 12, 39, 42, 49, 54, 69, 85, 100.
+Manningford Bruce, alias Brewes or Breouse. I., 13 [2], 28, 30, 51, 67, 115,
120, 128, 156, 172, 186, 202, 209, 225, 230; II., 1, 4 [2], 23, 36, 52, 57,
81, 94, 98.
Manningford Bohun (with Wilsford). IT., 6.
Marden. TI., 7, 53, 68, 75,.77, 83, 90, 92, 101, 117, 124, 126, 130, 134, 138, 156,
158,-160, 168, 197, 200, 210, 217, 221 [2]; II., 8, 18, 40, 58, 67, 83, 85,
91, 97, 104, 107. 2G |
Marlborough, St. Peter’s. I., 1., 28, 30, 31, 51, 60, 68, 72, 75, 76, 83, 97, 147,
- 167, 169, 170, 172, 174, 178, 180, 184, 188, 190, 191 [2], 194, 195, 208, 212,
218, 227, 230; II., 6, 15, 30, 40, 58, 86, 93, 99.
Ditto St. Mary’s. I., 14 [2], 29, 46, 60, 69, 103, 109, 110, 141, 147, 149,
_-:152, 177, 196, 210, 221, 227, 231; IL., 5, 21, 26, 27, 28, 29, 34, 49 [2], 50,
» - 87, 67, 69, 70, 82 [2], 93, 98.
+ Ditto St. Thomas’s Hospital, near Marlborough. T., 40, 51.
Ditto Castle Chapel. I., 10, 20, 21, 29, 30, 41, 47, 50, 55, 65, 70, 73, 78,
83, 85, 86 [2], 94, 108, 106.
~ Ditto St. John’s. Hospital or Priory. TI., 13, 15, 46, 106, 148, 153, 181, 184,
189.
Marton Chapel. IT,, 1, 3, 15, 33, 58,83. See Damerham, South.
Martin’s, St., juxta Bedwyn. TI., 178.
Melksham. I., 19, 30, 43, 53, 85, 113, 116, 143, 146, 150, 170 [2], 174, 182,
183, 198, 204, 206, 218, 228; IT., 2, 20, 25, 29, 40, 44, 74, 76, 96, 102.
‘“Merden. . See Marden.
‘ Mere, Chantry. I., 148. (For its Vicars see Hoare’s Modern Wilts, Mere, p.
_____- 168, from the Dean’s Register.)
Mildenhall, or Minall. I., 3, 19, 36, 46, 64,.78, 92, 93, 95, 96, 110, 113, 120,
* — 153, 169, 171, 174, 191, 198 (note), 213, 228, 233; IT., 10, 15, 23, 39, 43*
: 60, 81, 94.
_ Minor Pars Altaris. I., 33; II., 33, 35, 47, 55, 74, 76, 87, 88, 90, 93,
-Milston.. I., 3, 8, 12, 14, 54, 77 [3], 80, 99, 100, 120 [2], 141, 149, 164, 171,
| 178, 200, 224; IT., 20, 22, 23, 26, 30, 47, 77, 79, 101, 103.

* Supply in the year 1692, “ Edward Pocock,’ omitted by Sir T. Phillipps.
VOL. XXVIII,—NO, LXXXIV, R

2

226 Index to the “ Wiltshire Institutions.”

Milton (or Middleton) Abbas and Lilbourne, (Lislebourne). I., 13, 35, 69, 85,
92, 94, 103, 109, 119, 120, 121, 122 [2], 124, 186, 157, 159, 175, 177, 181,
186, 212, 214, 221, 234; ITI., 22 [2], 33, 56,:58, 64, 79, 88 [2], 101.

Milton (Berks), I., 230; II., 103.

Minety. I., 20, 31, 42, 67, 70, 72, 75, 82, 88 [2], 98, 102, 105, 109, 132, 146,
159, 160, 164, 167, 169, 193, 205, 207, 213, 216, 219, 231; IT., 14 [2], 38,
47, 72, 78, 88, 103, 106.

Monkton Farley. See Farley Monachorum.

Monkton Deverill. II., 7, 11, 24, 27, 58, 105.

Monkton (see Winterbourne). I., 220; II., 3.

Mordon (Dorset). I., 38, 43, 47, 66.

N.

Netheravon. I., 39, 115, 125; IT., 36, 37, 55, 56, 64, 74, 85, 92, 94, 101.

Netherbury. I., 41, 217; II., 32, 33, 34, 43, 54, 60, 82, 83, 93, 95, 105 [2].

Netherhampton. IT., 94.

Nettleton. TI., 6 [2], 15, 23, 30, 81, 118, 125, 182, 162, 176, 186, 200, 213, 217,
218; IT., 14, 18, 19, 41, 53, 75, 93, 103.

Newington (Wilts). See Newnton.

Newington (Wore. Dioc.). I., 62.

Newnton, Long, near Tetbury. I., 9, 45, 46, 64, 75, 84, 121, 137, 178, 191,]192,
194, 206, 216,; II., 7, 8, 34, 36, 49, 52, 60, 73, 85, 87, 90, 103, 106.

Newport Chantry (Wore. Dioc.). I., 59.

Newton (?) T., 151.

Newton, North, near Pewsey. LI., 2, 8, 22, 23, 31, 47, 49, 56,°63, 66, 67, 75, 90,
91, 95, 105, 117, 124, 126, 144, 147, 166, 167, 184, 203, 204 [2], 222, 225,
226, 227, 229 [2]; IZ. 3, 6 [3], 14, 18, 25, 29, 33, 39, 46 [2], 51, 52, 56,
57, 63, 71, 78, 91, 94, 107.

Newton, South, near Wilton, I., 2, 10, 22, 26, 27, 33, 34, 43, 58, 60, 63, 76, 84,

86, 89 [2], 93, 104, 105 [2], 116, 121, 128, 131, 154, 175, 197, 205; II., 2,
3, 16, 26, 37, 38, 64, 66, 71, 72, 75, 86, 94.

Newton Tony. I., 2, 3, 6, 40, 59, 61, 75, 92, 93, 104, 108, 125, 137, 144, 170,

197, 212, 213, 214, 216, 219, 223, 283; ITs, 9, 17, 28, 24, 28, 30, 50, 56, 80,
88 [2], 107.

Newton St. Loe (Bath and Wells Dioc.). L, 13.

Norridge Chapel. I., 12, 89, 91, 96, 101, 130, 135, 139, 159, 173, 195,

North Bradley. See Bradley, Northe

Northbury. IT., 37, 96, 100.

Norton, near Malmesbury. I., 27, 28 [2], 45, 48, 57, 58, 75, 77, 88, 90, 92, |

100, 105, 106, 111, 114, 127, 130, 143, 152, 153, 162, 175, 189, 203, 233 ;
II., 5, 33, 36, 41, 52, 60, 74, 98.

Norton Bavent, or Skydmore, I., 7, 19, 25, 29, 31, 43, 50, 52, 66, 95, 104, 110,
116, 123, 124, 125, 140, 144, 154, 160, 164, 173, 183, 188, 201, 229; II,
19, 25, 33, 54, 66, 73, 82, 97.

0.

Oaksey. I., 11 [2], 12 [2], 18, 20 [2], 21,75, 84, 110, 111, 112, 124, 133, 134,
146, 150, 155, 156, 166, 168, 169, 186 [2], 188, 194, 200, 213, 216, 224, 227,
284; IT., 20, 30, 41, 51, 79, 82, 85, 106,

eal le al eet

mneshesr

Compiled by the late Canon J. E. Jackson, F.S.A. 227

Obeton. See Upton I., 144.

Odcombe (Bath Divc.). I., 30 (note).

Odstock. I., 2, 41, 78 [2], 88, 90, 123, 140, 165, 168, 171, 176, 188, 198, 231 ;
II., 18, 20, 21, 22, 30, 62, 65, 69.

Odiham (Wint. Dioc.,). II., 37.

Ogbourne, St. Andrew, or Parva. I., 35, 120.

Orcheston, St. George. I., 14, 71, 75, 82, 92, 118, 148, 165, 170, 177, 199, 201,
202, 217, 280; IT., 6, 19 [2], 31, 43, 50, 61, 86, 102.

Orcheston, St. Mary, or Boyville. I., 8, 9, 37, 58, 65, 93 [2], 94, 105, 125, 137,
156, 158, 167, 185, 198, 202, 207, 227; II., 18, 23, 36, 66, 86, 89, 98.
Overton. I., 22, 36, 45, 52, 61, 124, 160, 157, 165, 171, 173, 176, 177, 189,

192, 210, 211, 223; IZ., 12 [2], 21, 28, 29, 68, 78, 86, 92, 98.
Overton (Hants). I., 37.
Oxford, St. Ebbes. I., 61.
Ditto St. Aldates. I., 66.
Ditto Law Professorship. II., 83.

iP.

Patney. I., 8, 15, 25, 34, 41, 53, 87, 88, 93, 107, 119, 122, 125, 127, 131 [2],
149, 154, 156, 157, 185, 203, 206, 227, 232, 233; II., 16, 20, 25, 38, 49,
74, 90, 94, 95, 104.

Pertwood, or Worth, St. Peter’s. I., 28, 61, 63, 86, 93, 95, 108, 109, 124, 149,
159, 161, 165, 193, 208; II,, 16, 19, 23, 25, 31, 50, 63, 83.

_ Pewsey. I., 7, 22, 24, 36, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 63, 74, 87, 88, 90, 95, 96, 114, 119,

131, 151, 177, 182, 195, 213, 217; IL., 7, 21, 25, 40, 46, 48, 62, 66, 81.

Plaitford. I., 88, 91, 165; II., 13, 19, 36, 81, 83, 102.

Pool Keynes, or St. Michael’s. I., 3, 7, 9, 16, 46, 57, 60, 61, 84, 122, 142, 167,
179, 203, 218, 223, 226, 234; IL., 3, 25 [2], 39, 56, 79, 95.

Porton, Chapel of St. Nicholas, de Burgelon (sometimes spelt Burghlen, and
Byrdlime, in Idmiston parish). I., 10, 21, 45, 51, 56, 60, 62, 65, 82, 99,
119, 126, 128, 172, 177, 194, 203, 204, 206 [2], 209 ; IT., 84, 89.

Potterne. I., 12, 14, 24, 44, 49, 63, 69 [2], 70, 71, 79, 81, 82, 83, 128, 180, 177,
180, 192, 205, 214; IT., 15, 30, 44, 51, 59, 84, 85, 91, 97, 100, 105,

Poulet (Bath), 58.

Poulshot. I., 12, 29, 32, 40, 47, 102, 103, 110, 114, 120,129, 150 (2), 153, 175,
176, 177, 179 [2], 180, 187, 203 ; II., 5, 11, 28, 37, 56, 57, 61, 62, 78, 82,
92, 102.

Poulton. I., 1, 4, 55, 59, 62, 77, 83, 96; IT., 92.

Ditto Chantry, St. Mary’s. I, 35.
Pourton (North), Co. Dorset. I., 38, 49, 68, 69, 76, 129.
Ditto (Wilts). See Porton and Idmiston.

Preshute. I., 11, 25, 31, 33,35, 40, 55, 81, 82, 89, 91, 93, 97, 101 [2], 105, 116,
132, 139, 140 [2*], 150, 163, 175, 179 [2], 187, 188, 189, 203 [2], 210, 220,
222, 229; II., 21, 25, 39, 40, 42, 51, 58, 60, 86, 94, 98, 106.

Preston. ITI., 35, 38, 57, 63, 73, 89, 93.

Pusey (Berks). II., 65.

* The second entry should be erased.

pes. Index to the “ Wiltshire Institutions.”

Pyrton, or Purton. I., 2, 12, 18, 45, 70, 74, a BE 135, 166 [2], 192, 219, 224,
226, 231; IT., 2, 15, 27, 53, 59, 72,79, 8

R.
Rampton (Bath Dioc.). I., 62.
Ramsbury. I., 20, 27, 44, 59, 61, 91, 104, 112, 115, 116, 147, 163, 157, 172,
183, 191, 193; IT., 22.
Rammesham. I, 91.
Redcliff. ITI., 71, 87, 105,
Rodbourne Cheney, or Rodbourne St. Mary. I., 9, 12, 14, 21, 22 [2], 46, 50, 54,
ae 71, 80, 111, 112, 123, 131, 136, 159, 162, 180, 185, 188, 207, 209, 219,
226 ; II., 13, 31, 52, 56, 66, 77, 80, 89 [2], 96.
Hadktnens (Malmesbury): II., 93.
Renae I., 3, 4 [2], 13 [2], 28, 46, 55, 102, 152, 153); 161, 173, 182, 186, ‘ht
225; II., 17, 19, 26, 29, 35, 49, 52, 57, U7, 101.
Romsey Abbey. TI., 5 (note). ;
Rowde (or Roude, or Roudes). I., 22, 25, 30, 33, 37, 46, 53, 61, 99, 118, 133,
169, 172, 175, 180, 198, 207, 209; 214, 218, 227; IL., 14, 26, 31, 34, 42, 47,
49, 55, 63, 64, 80, 82, 96, 97. nla
Rowley. See Wittenham.
Ruscombe. II., 32, 37, 47, 51, 56, 70, 89, 92 [2], 96, 100 [2], 102, 105.

Rusteshall, alias Rushall. I., 2, 7, 36, 62, 67, 78, 83, 129, 172, 176, 189, 206,

208, 230; IT., 12, 23, 37, 38, 46, 48, 49, 72, 89.
Rysyndon Magna (Wore. Dioc.). I., 63.

8.
Sarum Cathedral,
Deanery. ITI., 61, 90, 107.
Archdeaconry. T., 181, 218; ITL., 21, 33, 37, 41, 48, 44, 64, 65, 104 [2].
Chancellorship, ITI., 21, 37, 41, 52, 61, 76.
Chantorship. II., 77.
Precentorship. ITI,, 59, 104,
Subdeanery. IT., 43, 76, 101.
Succentorship. II., 33, 39, 47, 61, 96.
Treasurership. ITI., 36, 41, 54, 56, 65, 105.
Audley’s (Bp.) Chantry. I,, 194, 208, 213.
Beauchamp Chantry. TI., 179, 189, 190, 191, 196, 202.
Blundesdon Chantry. I., 85,
Cloune’s Chantry. I., 139.
Hungerford’s Chantry. I., 205, 206,
St. Andrew’s (Waltham) Chantry: I., 134, 202,
St. Mary Magdalen’s Chantry. I., 88, 89.
Sarum City.
St. Edmund’s Church. I., 219, 220, 282; ITI., 4, 11, 25, 26, 29, 43, 48,
59, 63, 75, 97 [2], 1038.
Ditto Chantry. I., 147.
Ditto Tudworth’s Chantry. I., 28, 41, 47, 51; 5A, 55 [2], 72, 82, 83,
84, 102, 104, 158, 161, 183, 186, 193, 202.

;
F
q

;
j
§

q

Compiled by the late Canon J. E. Jackson, F.8.4. 229

Sarum City.
St. Edmond’s Church. Randolf’s Chantry. L., 90, 107.
Ditto St. Katherine’s Chantry “in the Church yard.” .I., 91, 98, 136,
156, 163, 164, 168, 169, 186, 187, 199 [3], 201, 203, 207.
Ditto St. Nicholas’s Chantry. I., 109.
Ditto Holy Trinity. I., 121.
St. Edmund’s College. I., 11, 14, 18, 19, 23, 30, 31, 49, 81, 105, 118,
136, 145, 149, 154, 184, 187, 204, 205 [3], 206, 207, 209, 210.
St. Martin’s Church. I., 219, 229; IL., 4, 16, 18, 24, 26, 27, 30, 41, 60,
65, 76, 77, 81, 83, 107.
St. Nicholas’s Hospital. I., 6, 18, 20, 32, 37, 40, 55, 88, 110, 123 [2],
133, 151, 166, 177, 179, 233 ; IT., 15, 24, 25, 51, 65, 87, 92, 96 [2].
St, Thomas’s Curacy. ITI., 30, 82, 86.
Ditto Swayne’s Siauiey. I., 57, 80, 87, 92, 100, 150, 161, 173, 182,
- 190, 208.
Ditto St. Bartholomew's Chantry. I., 91, 96.
Ditto Godmastone’s Chantry. I., 104, 110, 132, 143 (2), 146, 162,
174 [2], 175, 179, 189 [2], 192, 195, 202, 205, 206, 208.
Pastiin, Old. St. Peter’s. I., 2, 21, 27,34, 37, 39, 43,.49, 61 [2], 77, 86, 102.
Ditto Free Chapel in Castle. I., 65.
Saynesbury, or Seynesbury (Wore. Dioc.). I., 59, 75.
Schawes. I., 16.
Seagry. I., 19, 60, 61, 63, 65, 82, 86, 89, 92, 98, 102, 106, 108, 113, 115, 120,
122, 137, 152, 196, 211 [2], 213, 226; IL., 6, 10, 13, 28, 59, 73, 80, 103, 105.
Sedgehill Chapel (Berwick St. Leonard). II., 10, 11, 45, 63, 87.
Seend. II., 74, 76, 96.
Semington. I., 232; IT., 4, 18, 39, 42, 68, 72, 85, 89, 94.
Semley. I., 6, 35, 107, 113 [2], 114, 120, 156, 167, 176, 190, 209, 232 ; IL.,
: 14, 24, 25, 49, 65, 78, 101.
Serchesden (Linc. Dioc.). I., 64.
Sevington (in Leigh-Delamere). ITI., 93.
Shaftesbury Monastery. TI., 38.
Shalbourne, Vicar of, I., 38. St. Margaret’s Chantry. I., 85.
. Sharncote. I., 9, 10, 14, 15, 21, 24, 29, 35, 39, 45, 49, 56, 65, 66, 79, 93, 119,
: 149, 202, 206, 217, 222, 229; IT., 10, 20, 27, 46, 68, 78, 82, 96, 99.
Shefford, West (Berks.). I., 86, 182.
Sherborne Abbey. I., 205.
-Sherneton. I., 160, 216.
Sherrington, or Shernton (Mautravers). I., 3, 10, 25, 36, 47,51, 53 [2], 61,
90, 110, 112, 126, 181, 157, 201, 217, 221; IT., 5, 31 [2], 35, 43, 54, 60, 85,
89, 95.
Sherston Magna, with the Chapel of Aldrington, alias Alderton. A Rector and
Vicar at the same time, 1400—1. I., 2, 3 [2], 6, 11, 13 [2], 14, 18, 35, 42,
52, 54, 65, 82 [2], 83, 87 [3], 90, 95, 108, 116, 121, 136 [2], 187, 140, 150,
164, 165, 175, 179, 189, 192, 206, 213, 229, 233; ITI., 7, 19, 21, 35, 36, 52,
65, 72, 84, 102.
Sherston Parva, alias Pinkeney (Free Chapel). T., 3, 5,15, 17, 23, 52, 82, 95 [2],
99, 1385, 168, 191, 199, 202; II, 20.

230 Index to the “ Wiltshire Institutions.”

Shipham (Som.). I., 60.

Shipton. ITI., 32, 67, 75, 83, 95, 99, 107.

Shrewton. I., 111., 135, 148, 152, 154, 167, 224; II., 6, 7 [2], 24, 25, 26, 39,
41, 49, 50, 52, 53, 57, 61, 77, 83, 85, 90, 91, 102.

Silchester (Hants). I., 51.

Slape. IT., 39, 42, 56, 102, 103.

Slaughterford. II., 55, 69, 83, 106.

Smithecote Chapel (St. Anne’s). I., 24, 42 [2], 46, 47, 55, 71, 75,133. (A
place between Dauntsey and Brinkworth ?)

Somerford Keynes (V.) I., 12, 28, 50, 56, 69, 109, 118, 153, 155, 172, 198, 212,
234; II., 10, 20, 40, 69, 74, 98, 103.

Somerford Mautravers, Magna, or Broad (R.). I., 20, 21. 35, 69 [2], 87, 88, 90,
92, 105, 112, 129, 157, 165, 183, 189, 191, 193, 198, 206, 216, 229; IT., 4,
18, 29, 34, 41, 46, 47, 61, 65, 85, 100.

Somerford (Parva, or) Mauduit (R.). I., 11 [2], 15, 20, 26, 39, 43, 51, 96, 97 [2],

126, 128, 138, 147, 183, 188, 190, 222, 230; II., 9, 22, 42, 49, 62, 75, 79,
87, 91 [2], 97.

Sopworth. I., 2, 15, 16 [2], 20 [2], 48, 49, 58, 59, 62, 69, 8
139, 163, 170, 175, 186, 204, 205, 230; IT., 11, 13, 45, 5
77, 98, 107.

Southbury. IT., 47, 51, 70, 92, 100, 102, 105.

Southwick. I., 229; II., 3, 16, 29, 61, 62, 68, 88.

Staines. I., 57.

Stamford (Co. Lincoln). I., 57.

Standen Hussey (South), near Hungerford, Chapel of St. Faith. I., 86, 207.

Stanton Fitzwarren (alias Fitz Herbert, or Fitz Brynde, 1555). I., 2 [2], 3,
17 [2], 19, 41 [2], 56, 58 [2], 80, 119, 121, 145, 154, 165, 185, 197, 209,
217, (Fitz Brynde), 218, 224; IT., 13, 19, 43, 69, 83.

Stanton Berners (near All Cannings), miscalled Barnard, Fitz Bernard, or St.
Bernard. (Prebend). I., 32, 43, 72, 104, 144, 164, 201, 225, 233; ITI., 8,
25, 31, 42, 52, 57.

Ditto (Vicarage). I., 56, 70, 76, 77, 80, 93, 123, 125, 126, 138, 162, 165,
192, 200, 202, 213, 224; IL., 3, 22, 26, 28, 41, 57, 61, 79, 83, 88.

Stanton St. Quintin. I., 4, 11, 16, 20, 24, 27, 38 [2], 46, 48, 65, 67, 69, 71, 76,
77, 78, 84, 87, 91, 94, 98, 104,117 124, 130, 131, 167, 171; 184, 219, 227 ;
II., 5, 20, 34, 54, 64, 78, 89, 90.

Stapleford. I., 6, 33 [2], 53, 80 [2], 86, 89, 104, 113, 119, 125, 134, 138, 146,
151, 153, 163, 169, 170, 174, 215, 216, 226; II., 11, 25, 39, 51, 75, 78, 91,
106,

Ditto (Line: Dioc.). I., 97.

Stapleton (?). I., 67.

Staverton Chapel. ITI., 81.

Steeple Ashton. See Ashton.

Steeple Langford. See Langford.

Steeple Lavington. See Lavington.

Stockton. I., 8, 25, 76, 80, 81, 102 (2], 126, 135, 138, 145, 153, 156, 161, 162,
185, 189, 210; IL., 13, 22, 26, 46, 62, 85 [2], 87, 95.

Stokton (Linc.). I., 176.

9, 116, 120, 123,
0, 51, 65, 70, 75,

a

Compiled by the late Canon J. E. Jackson, F.S.A. 281

Stokkebbes (Hereford). TI., 64

Stoke (Limpley). I., 208.

Stokke (7). I., 48.

Stoke Abbas (Dorset). I., 22.

Stone (erratum for Stoke). I., 200.

Stoughton (Winton). I., 83.

Stourton. I., 14,16, 25 [2], 47, 68, 82, 85, 90, 95, 119, 120, 125, 136, 162, 173,
181, 186, 208, 209, 214, 219, 222 ; ITI., 4, 16, 28, 32, 60, 76, 95, 101.

Stratford Toney. I., 22, 31, 32, 33, 46, 53, 89, 92, 99, 116, 125, 140, 142 [2],
153, 191, 199, 212, 217, 220, 221; II., 8, 10, 21, 28, 40, 55, 74, 85, 92, 94,

- Stratford St. Mary’s. I., 10, 16, 17, 22.

Stratford sub Castro. ITI., 72, 95, 103.

Stratford St. Lawrence (Prebend). I., 218; IT., 48, 49, 50, 62, 67, 71, 89, 91,
95, 97, 98, 103, 105, 106.

Stratton St. Margaret. I., 8, 15 [3], 17, 33, 51, 53, 55, 120, 141, 157, 171, 180,
185, 211, 219; II., 13, 17, 32, 36, 47, 64, 67, 69, 94, 106.

Stratton Prebend (Co. Dorset). I., 214; II., 67, 76, 106.

Sulham (Berks). I., 58, 198.

Sutton Benger, sometimes called Sutton Leonard. I., 16 [2], 19, 23, 32 [2], 35,
37, 50, 51, 54, 68, 69, 97, 99, 101 [2], 105, 106, 145, 146, 149, 151, 156,
175 [2], 178, 179 [2], 195, 207, 211, 214, 215, 218, 220, 231; IL., 2, 8, 18,
20, 21, 27, 38, 44, 70 [2], 71, 82, 87.

Sutton Mandeville. I., 11., 27, 30, 55, 65, 77, 84, 98, 108, 137, 138, 140, 161,
178, 187, 199, 201 [2], 206, 213, 214, 221; IT., 15, 25, 50, 52, 62, 67, 97.

Sutton Parva Free Chapel. I., 11, 24, 25, 28, 66, 114, 152, 191, 201.

Sutton Veney, alias Magna. I., 5, 9 [2], 32, 34, 52, 54, 60, 84, 106, 10%, 111,
144, 181 [2], 184, 187 [2], 192, 231; IL., 10, 18, 31, 37, 53, 63, 81, 83, 90.

Sutton, near Plymouth. I., 63.

Swallowcliffe. I., 69.

Swayneswick (Bath). I., 27, 31.

Swinbrook (Oxon). ITI., 37.

Swindon. I., 4, 16, 53, 54, 65, 73, 75, 131, 168, 170, 199, 220,228, 229, 230 [2],
232; II,, 12, 17, 25, 27, 46, 55, 61, 67 [2], 78, 95, 107,

T.

Teffont Ewyas. I., 2, 3, 13, 17, 27, 33, 46, 49, 51, 52, 61, 71, 91, 93, 99, 107,
114, 115, 120, 128, 141, 148, 146, 148, 149, 151, 153, 163, 164, 170, 172,
176, 180, 183, 210, 219, 224, 228; IT., 3, 19, 25, 30, 59, 84, 95, 100.

Tellisford (Som.). TI., 164.

Tetbury (Worc.). I., 61.

Teynton Regis. II. 45, 59, 63, 82, 87, 105.

Thatcham (Berks). I., 38.

Thoulston Chapel. I., 17, 18 (note), 40, 41, 50,
Tidcombe. I., 4, 16, 21 [2], 22, 30 [4], 31, 38,
132, 167, 181, 187, 202, 228 ; IT., 95.

‘Tidpit (or Tippit), See Todeputt.
Tidmarsh (Berks). I., 14, II., 68.
Tidworth, North. I., 1, 2, 14, 26, 44, 48, 50, 52, 55, 60, 61, 76, 100, 104, 124,

89, 90, 105, 117, 123.
42, 43, 46, 53, 89, 90, 116, 118,

232 Index to the “ Wiltshire Institutions.”

125, 135, 155, 157, 168, 179, 196, 197, 201, 210, 226, 234; II., 9, 24, 28,
35, 37, 49, 63, 77, 78, 81, 90, 94, 105.

Tidworth’s Chantry. See Sarum, St. Edmund’s.

Tilshead. I., 15 [2], 44, 54, 77, 86, 90, 112, 114, 135, 139, 146, 151, 153, 159,
164, 177, 196, 200, 227; IL., 1, 12, 24, 26, 51, 57, 86, 92, 102.

Tisbury, Church. TI., 3, 6, 10, 26, 38, 77, 110, 115, 119, 126, 146, 148, 150, 153,
176, 181, 210, 223, 231; IT., 6, 21, 35, 45, 68, 89, 96.

Ditto Chantry, St. Mary’s. I., 3, 30, 50, 51, 52, 60, 68, 83, 106, 109, 114,

119, 127, 133, 156, 159, 163, 184, 213.

Titherington Cayleways. I., 86, 160, 228. See Caylleways (for many more),

Giaeneon Lucas. I., 214; II., 37.

Tytherington (in Wore. Tie: I., 118.

Tockenham, I., 12, 37 [2], 55, 64, 85, 100, 101, 108, 114 [2], 118, 138, 172,
193, 212, 224, 233; IT., 10, 23, 39, 42, 52, 71, 94, 104.

Todeputt (Tidpitt). “i 8, 14, 78, 83, 88, 100 [2], 112, 117, 126, 144, 157, 160,
178, 179, 188, 189, 198.

Todyngton (Wore. Dioc.). TI., 99.

Tollard Royall. I., 7, 8, 9, 13, 20, 21, 46, 49, 63, 64, 68, 77, 86, 103, 110, 115,

116, 117, 141, 147, 159, 220, 223; IT., 2, 6, 22, 44, 50, 65, 66 [2], 85, 94,
99 [2].

Tollard St. Peter’s. I., 173, 178, 183.

Torleton. II., 45, 65, 87, 97.

Trowbridge. I., 12, 17, 18, 19, 42 [2], 57, 61 [2], 68, 94[2], 132, 134,1147, 148,
175, 200, 220, 234; II., 27, 32, 54, 59, 62, 69, 81, 87, 107.

Turneworth (Dorset). I., 121.

Tychburne. I., 144,

Tymbrebury Prebend. I., 39.

U.

Uffculme (Berks). IT., 39, 51, 68, 102, 103.

Uphaven. I., 3, 16, 33, 34, 45, 48, 64, 78, 90, 98, 102 [2], 104, 126, 132, 147,
152, 157 [2], 178, 189, 223; II., 10, 12, 28, 37, 57, 58, 69, 78, 95.

Upton Lovell, St. Peter’s. I, 36, 37, 48, 78, 96, 97, 98, 102, 103, 144, 152, 159,
160, 164, 170, 182, 189, 191, 200 [2], 208, 214, 221, 223, 226, 228; II.,
1 [2], 5, 10, 25, 34, 40, 45, 47, 48, 49, 54, 76, 100.

Upton Scudamore. I., 2, 3, 17, 23, 26, 38, 44, 54, 55, 56, 57 (note), 58 (2), 7,
79, 80, 81, 108, 118, 125, 127, 139, 150, 194, 204, 211, 229; IT., 14,37, 73,
82, 90. :

Urchfont. See Erchfont.

WwW.

Wanborough, “ Wamberg,” (Vicarage). I., 6 (and note), 28, 34, 37, 42, 64, 70,
81, 84, 114, 129, 152, 154, 155, 166, 167, 186, 192, 210, 215, 221, 231 [2];
TI., 28, 34, 59, 61, 71, 78. : ;

Ditto St. Katharine’s Chantry Chapel. I., 10, 14, 29, 30, 48, 49, 55, 62, 82,
91, 99, 100, 102, 112 (bis), 139, 156.
Wareham, St. Peter’s (Dorset). TI., 64,

Compiled by the late Canon J. E. Jackson, F.S.A. 238

- Warminster. I-, 8, 21, 37, 40, 44, 54, 80 [2], 116, 125, 140 [2], 195, 208, 216,
221; IT., 17, 18, 20, 23, 32, 41 [2] 50, 59, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 73, 86 (2],
87, 102, 103, 106.
Warmwell (Dorset). I., 104,
Welford (Berks). ITI., 35.
Westbury. II., 26 (note).
West Dean. See Dean.
Weston. I., 121.
Westport. See Malmesbury.
Westwood. I., 3, 208. (See Bradford.)
Whaddon, near Longford. (Church destroyed.) T., 23 [2], 30.
Whaddon. I., 4, 16 (query, do not these two first relate to the preceding
Whaddon P), 37, 47, 50, 66, 69, 70, 72, 77, 97 [2], 111, 116, 126, 135, 138,
142, 156, 163, 170, 173, 203, 207, 211, 214, 219, 222, 231, 234; II., 2, 7,
25, 30, 33, 36, 48, 66, 71 [2], 85, 91, 93, 94. :
-Whelpeley Chapel (in Whiteparish). I., 15, 27, 52, 69, 78, 74, 82, 100, 127,
133, 147, 150, 166, 181, 207.
Whiteparish, alias Whitehand. I., 1 (and note), 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14, 17 [2],
19 [2], 20, 43, 44, 58, 56, 58, 59, 61, 63, 67, 75, 121, 135 [2], 136, 139, 140,
143, 148, 166, 193; IT., 3, 15, 19, 28, 35, 39, 47, 58, 62, 84, 99, 101, 104.
(See also Alderton and Abbotston.)
Wilcote. I., 209, 217, 221; II., 4, 27, 36, 40, 43, 54, 74, 80, 90,
Willington. See Calstone.
Wilsford, North, or Wivelesford. I., 28, 33, 46, 58, 85, 89, 90, 107 [2], 130,
144, 148, 150, 155, 159, 165, 177 [2], 181, 212, 213, 220, 231, 232; IT., 2,
6 [2], 40, 41, 44, 68, 84, 86, 102.
Wilsford and Woodford (Preb.). I., 11, 24, 30, 57, 104, 123, 127, 136, 139, 177,
188 [2], 202, 213, 219; II., 6, 36, 48, 52, 62, 76, 94, 103.
Wilton, :
St. Mary’s R., Bread St., or Corn St. T., 5, 6, 48, 55, 88, 91, 109, 117,
120, 134, 157, 164, 171, 176, 187 [2], 196, 208, 226, 233; ITI., 6,
11 [2], 22, 27, 35, 65, 75, 78, 94.
Ditchampton, R. (St. Andrew’s). I., 12, 36, 40, 54, 62, 67, 79, 82, 89,
92, 95, 97, 99, 100, 125, 180, 173, 175, 199, 201 [2], 209; IT., 94.
Bulbridge, V. I., 65 [2], 78, 79, 88, 93, 95, 101 [2], 107, 109, 119, 163,
233 ; II., 6, 11 [2].
Nethechampton (St. Catharine’s). ITI., 94.
St. Michael’s, South St. I., 2, 10, 14, 24 [3], 48, 55, 57, 61, 64, 65, 66,
. 67, 85, 107 [2], 115, 133, 146, 155, 159, 179.
Holy Trinity, R. I., 6, 10, 12, 14, 18 [2], 27, 40, 66, 71, 73, 81, 83, 84,
99, 116, 151, 155.
St. Nicholas, R., West St. I., 8 [2], 9, 37, 42, 78 [2].
S. Mary, West St. I., 40, 43, 73, 85, 91, 94, 96, 110.
Hospital of St, Giles. I., 230.
Winkficld (Winchfield, Berks). I., 9, 11, 13, 19, 23, 38, 43, 50, 86, 90, 101, 102,
118, 126, 134, 137, 173, 200, 213, 216, 221, 223, 234; ITI., 11, 41, 58, 72,
~ 77, 80, 88. ;
Winkficld (Berks). I., 44, 53, 77.

VOL. XXVIII.—NO, LXXXIYV. S

234 Index to the “ Wiltshire Institutions.”

Winterbourne Basset. TI., 25 [2], 28, 36, 38, 43, 47, 49, 56, 101, 102, 103, 111,
141 [2], 151, 157, 160, 167, 169, 174, 185, 226; II., 5, 23, 31, 44, 60, 70,
83, 84, 86, 92.

Winterbourne Earls (Comitis), near Sarum. I.,1, 2, 9, 23, 28, 32, 39, 40, 45, 64,
69 [2], 71 [2], 105, 114, 122 [2], 124, 162, 166, 184, 196, 207, 215, 219,
230; II., 33, 34, 40, 58, 62, 84, 89, 97.

Winterbourne Gunner (alias Cherbourg). I., 4, 28, 40, 85, 90, 103, 105, 114,
115, 125, 134, 143, 156, 178, 186, 206, 220, 229; IL., 8, 24 [2], 40, 54, 58,
63, 80, 81, 84.

Winterbourne Monkton (alias Stoke, p. 200). I., 7, 9 [2], 25, 31, 55, 69, 79,
81, 90, 92, 95, 111, 113, 114, 148, 150, 153, 154, 161, 179, 181, 188, 193,
194, 195, 200, 203, 220, 232 ; II., 14, 22, 28, 55, 83, 95.

Winterbourne Parva. See Asserton.

Winterbourn St. George, or Elston. I., 2, 8, 9.

Winterbourn St. Nicholas. TI., 126.

Winterbourne Shireston, Shreveton, Sherneton, or Sherenton. TI., 125, 160, 207,
216.

Winterbourne Stapleton (Co. Dorset), I., 109.

Winterbourne Stoke. I., 26, 33, 46, 63, 65, 66, 68, 76, 77, 82, 84, 94, 101, 105,
110, 114, 118, 134, 149, 151, 172, 184, 191, 210, 217, 230 [2]; II., 8, 26,
27, 29, 32, 36, 49, 51, 52, 76, 77, 80, 102.

Winterslow. I., 5 [2], 14, 15, 16, 22, 27, 33, 40, 44, 58, 71, 78, 86, 92, 103 [2],
122 [2], 131, 133, 135, 146, 149, 162, 178, 190, 206, 212, 215, 228; IL., 2,
5, 17, 24, 31, 57, 68, 71, 88, 104.

Wishford Magna. I., 36, 48, 66, 75, 76, 95, 107, 121, 158, 176, 193, 201, 214,
227; IL., 18, 27, 50, 65, 68, 69, 85, 87.

Wittenham, alias Rowley. I., 3, 57, 97, 98, 108, 112.

Wodesden (Line. Dioc.). I., 6.

Wokesey. See Oaksey.

Woodborough. I., 7, 10 [3], 37 [2],38, 42, 43, 52, 53, 74, 79, 88, 111, 116, 118,
124, 132, 137, 149, 156, 189, 192, 194, 209, 231; IT., 22, 29, 48, 50, 62, 63,
75, 81.

Woodford Preb. See Wilsford and Woodford.

Wolveley Portion. I., 77.

Wootton Bassett. I., 4, 15, 19, 22, 38, 53, 55, 74, 112, 118, 124, 126, 136 [2],
146, 167, 168, 172 [2], 179, 185, 195, 198, 209, 229, 232; IT., 10, 58, 80,
85, 97, 100, 103.

Ditto Priory or Hospital of St. John Baptist. I., 8, 37, 51, 64,

Wootton Ryvers. TI., 18 [4], 26, 47, 49, 61, 68, 71, 116, 135, 138, 142, 151, 154,
173, 205, 218, 220, 229; IT., 15, 31, 38, 62, 83, 101.

Wootton Fitz Payne (Dorset). I., 23, 43.

Wrackleford. IT., 62.

Wraxhall, North (Rectory). I., 16, 23 [2], 46, 47, 55, 62, 69, 82, 93, 94, 113,
122, 152, 158, 168, 173, 183, 190, 194, 198; II., 7, 20, 23, 28, 34, 44, 49,
51, 55, 56, 64, 79, 104, 105.

Ditto St. Mary’s Chantry. I., 17, 19, 27, 28, 36, 50, 63.
Ditto All Saints. I., 75 [2], 79 [2], 88, 90, 94, 98, 115, 116, 120, 123, 136,
168, 184, 209.

aaa alti ~

a ee eee

A Sketch of the History of Hill Deverill. 235

Wrasxhall, South. I., 208.

Wraxhall (Dorset). I., 20, 33, 66 [2], 76 [2], 80, 88, 99, 105, 115, 135, 145,
181 [2]. :

Writhlington (Somerset). I., 59; II., 77, 82, 100.

Wroughton, alias Elingdon. I., 6, 14 [2], 20, 21, 23, 46, 47, 48, 52, 53, 54, 55,
64, 72, 73, 74 [2], 93 [2], 95, 97, 105, 108, 118, 124, 129, 130, 138, 140,
141, 161, 175 [3], 177, 184, 194, 201, 212, 215 [2], 224, 227, 228, 229, 230;
II., 6, 7, 11, 16, 22, 28, 36, 38 [2], 44, 54, 66, 70, 76, 89 [2], 92 [2], 99,
106 (note).

Wurpsden Stockton (Line. Dioc.). I., 176.

Wychampton. [I., 27.

Wydecombe Chantry, in Hilmerton. I., 27, 34, 35.

Wyke (Dorset). I., 46.

Wyly. I., 16, 35, 75, 100, 121, 140, 154, 168, 187, 231; II., 10, 17, 22, 27, 45,
49, 66, 71, 72, 78.

Wynrich (Wore. Dioc.). I., 63.

x

Yalmpton. II., 38, 63.
Yatesbury. I., 5 [2], 6, 8, 15 [2], 27, 54, 56, 59 [2], 68, 123, 130, 146, 160,
161, 183, 190 [2], 196, 206, 211, 230; IZ., 1, 2, 19, 26, 35 [3], 36 [2], 40,
46, 49, 57, 66, 96, 97, 98, 100, 102, 103, 105.
Yatminster Prima, II., 33, 46, 56 [2], 68, 88, 104.
Ditto Secunda, or Inferior. II., 46, 67, 75, 77, 85, 96.
Ditto and Grimston. II., 56, 100, 101.
Yatton-Kaynell. I., 16 [2], 32, 60, 82, 95, 110, 120, 130, 158, 168, 185, 196,
220; II., 24, 48, 71, 81.
Yvern Courtenay, alias Shrewton (Dorset). I., 90.

A Shetch of the History of Hill Aeverill.
By Jonny U. Powrtt, M.A.

;HE following notes are based upon a paper read at the
meeting of the Wiltshire Archeological Society, at
Warminster, in July, 1893. They are merely a sketch. For the
land-tenure from the Conquest to the fifteenth century, the scientific
_ enquirer is referred to Hoare’s Modern Wilts (Heytesbury Hundred),
to which there is little to add.
s 2

236 A Sketch of the History of Hill Deveritl.

1.—Derivation of the Name.

The place is mentioned in Domesday as Devrel, but none of the
eight or nine places of that name there mentioned are distinguished
by any additional title. There seems, however, no reason to doubt
the conclusions at which Hoare arrives in identifying these places.
But what is the derivation of the name? A brief discussion is
necessary. Is it possible that in the names Kingston Deverill,
Monkton Deverill, Brixton Deverill,and Hill Deverill we have names
similar to Upton Scudamore, and Holme Lacey; that is, the old
English name with that of the Norman owner added? Now, in
Domesday, one Devrel is held by Brictric; this is rightly identified by
Hoare with Brixton Deverill; another is held by the Abbey of
Glastonbury: this is Monkton Deverill, says Hoare, rightly. The
name Longbridge Deverill is due to the causeway made by the
Abbey of Glastonbury over a small marshy plain through which the
river flows. There remains Hili Deverill. Now, the name is con-
stantly written Hulle, or Hull. Was there a family of this name ?
probably not, as Hoare argues. Nightingale—(Church Plate of Wilts,
p. 85)—hastily assumes the contrary. Possibly it refers to the hill
—Bidecombe Hill—which is partly in the parish, and is one of the
most conspicuous hills in the neighbourhood. Hull seems merely
the dialectical form of Hill, as mii, pill, are still, in the Deverill
valley, pronounced mull, pull. What then is Deverii/? A mass of
authorities is collected in Daniell (History of Warminster, pp. 15
—18.) Can we accept the following judgments ? :—“ Deverill is
the stream which gives name to the villages” (Hoare): “the
Deverill is so called because it dives underground”? (Camden,
Drayton, Aubrey, Selden, Britton): “it is derived from the Celtic
Defer, which means simply ‘a stream’ (Daniell, rightly rejecting
the second derivation). Mr. Daniell does not explain the end of
the word; but it might be a compound of Defer and the Gaelic all,
meaning «white, a word which Isaac Taylor (Names and Places, p. 143)
traces in many river-names. On this theory Deverill would mean
just “ chalk-stream”: but Canon Jones (Wilts Arch. Mag., xiv.,
163), regards “el” as a diminutive suffix. The name Micheldever, —
in Hants, may be compared, and an obvious parallel is provided

By John U. Powell, M.A. 237

by the names Winterbourne Earls, Winterbourne Dauntsey, Win-
terbourne Gunner and Winterbourne Stoke, all in the same valley.
The theory, then, which Hoare and Daniell put forward, has very
respectable support. There is also a discussion by Canon Jackson
(Wilts Arch. Mag., xvii., 283).

But another view is possible, namely, that it is a place-name, not
ariver-name. As to the second derivation (from diving), this seems
to be a mere popular etymology copied by writer from writer.
Thus Drayton speaks of the Dyver; but that is not the name of
the stream, and names are not mutilated like this in local language.
Nor is Dever its name. The form in Domesday is Devrel, and such
a form as Dyver seems a fanciful etymology. Assuming that
Deverill is the name of the place, not of the stream, and following
up the hint which the double name gives, that it possibly contains
the name of an original Norman family, what do we find? That
Walter @’ Evereux was given by William the Conqueror possessions
in this county, which he left to Edward surnamed de Salisbury, his
younger son (Camden, i., 188); that “‘ Edward de Salisbury holds
Devrel”’ (Domesday : identified by Hoare with part of Hill Deverill) ;

_ and that “ Adelelmus holds of Edward of Salisbury Ballochelie,”
_ Baycliff, a tithing in Hill Deverill (Domesday, quoted by Hoare,
_ p.82). Evreux isin Normandy, but, says the Duchess of Cleveland,
~ in her edition of the Roll of Battle Abbey, it is not known why the
; Karls of Salisbury, who are descended ‘from a younger son of Count
- de Roumare, are called D’Evreux; this, however, does not concern

us. The difficulty of the theory is this:—that only one Deverill
ean be shown to be connected with Edward de Salisbury, son of
Walter D’Evreux, and yet by the time Domesday was drawn up,
in 1086—about twenty years after—it has spread to all the other
parishes, and in such a way as to conceal their English names. For,
in Domesday, the Abbey of Glastonbury holds Longbridge and
~ Monkton, both of which it apparently held in the time of Edward
_ the Confessor, 1042—1066; the Abbey of Bec holds Brixton ; and
_ the Canons of Lisieux, in Normandy, hold part of Kingston (these
two latter being held in the time of Edward the Confessor by

Brictric and Eddeva respectively) ; and Edward d’Eyereux, or de

238 A Sketch of the History of Hill Deveriil.

Salisbury, is not mentioned in connection with them. Yet perhaps
there is a trace of the name in Kingston Deverill, for in a lease
granted by Henry Coker, 1732 (in the possession of the Marquis of
Bath) occur the words :—“ three acres of arable land lying in the
field called Averell’s Cleeve, under ye way called ye milking-path.”
This view, that it is a corruption of D’Evereux, is opposed to the
popular view which rests on Hoare and Daniell; but supposing,
as it does, that the names of three places are derived from a person
who does not seem connected with them, it certainly requires more
evidence to support it.

2.—History of the Church.

The earliest date we have for the Church is 1154. No Church is
mentioned in Domesday as existing here, but Churches are not often
mentioned in Domesday, for the precept that directed the survey
required no return to be made of Churches. ‘Three Churches in the
valley are mentioned incidentally: ‘“Hisi, qui tenuit tempore
Edwardi Regis, non potuit ab ecclesia separari,’ an entry which
refers to Longbridge Deverill. There is a similar entry with regard
to Monkton ; and land is mentioned as belonging to the Church at
Brixton. There is another entry “ Edgar, presbyter, tenet dimidiam
hidam in Devrel,”’ but this cannot be identified. But inasmuch as
there are clear traces of inhabitants on the rising ground:to the east,
and distinct remains of a British village to the west of the Church,
in a field which, until the modern road was made, joined the
churchyard, and in which sherds of rough British pottery may be
turned up with a walking-stick; and as there are traces of other
British settlements along the river to the south, we may conclude
that the Church was built on what. was the sacred burial-ground
of the British settlement. About 1154, then, Elyas Giffard
granted the Church at Hill Deverill, founded in the fee of
Walter, son of Osmund, his knight, to the collegiate Church at
Heytesbury (Hegtredsbury). There it formed one of the four Pre-
bendal stalls until the Act in 1839 abolishing certain Prebendaries:
the house of the prebendary is, perhaps, that on the west side of
Heytesbury Churchyard.

fe EIA

Te se ee ee

By John U. Powell, M.A. 239

The same Elyas Giffard, “for the good of his soul and that of
Berta, his wife,’ founded the Churches of Boyton, Orcheston St.
George, and the Chapel of St. Andrew, at Winterbourne, and gave
all of them to the monks of Gloucester: there he became a monk,
and died in 1159.1

Just at this time (1185—1154) :—

“ The people were stirred by the first of those great religious movements which
England was to experience in the preaching of the Friars, the Lollardism of
Wiclif, and the Reformation. A new spirit of devotion woke the slumber of

the religious houses, and penetrated alike to the home of the noble and the trader.”
(Green, Short History, p. 91.) ?

It was a revival of English national feeling, of morals, and religion,
and the movement spread into Wilts, culminating in the building
of Salisbury Cathedral. The next date at which the Church is
mentioned is 1220, the year in which the foundation stones of
Salisbury Cathedral were laid. In that year, William de Wanda,
Dean of Sarum, to complete the work of Church organisation which
the revival began, undertook a visitation of the prebendal estates.
In the “Osmund Register,” or, as it would be better called, “Richard
Poore’s Register’ (Bishop of Sarum 1217—1229), an account is
given of this visitation. The eutry, which gives a complete in-
_ ventory of the Church furniture, including the service books, and
- which mentions that the Church is still to be dedicated, is there
given in full. Some of the following particulars are interesting :—

“There is a stone Church, covered with lead, and needing repair; it has a
Baptistery and Cemetery, and gets its oil and chrism from Heytesbury. There

is a broken and disfigured [debilis et deformis] image of the Virgin; two pro-
cessional crosses; a small silver cup.”

Various vestments are then enumerated, then :—

“One sufficient surplice ; one insufficient surplice ; one thurible requiring
mending ; four candlesticks ; a sufficient Chrismatory. There is no Pyx con-
taining the Eucharist, but this is deposited in a silk purse. Two portable marble
altars, consecrated.”

1 There is a tradition among the old men that there was land belonging to the
Church, and stolen from it, somewhere along the river towards Brixton: this is
worth mentioning, but through lack of evidence we cannot go further.

2 Canon Jones, in his admirable popular History of the Diocese of Sarum, p.
103, quotes this passage with the curious misprint of “ doctrine ”’ for “ devotion.”

240 A Sketch of the History of Hill Deverill.
Among the books are a Missal, a Breviary, an Antiphonary, a

Manual, a Psaltery, a Hymnary (the last three said to be.

“sufficient”); but no Gradual; and “a chest bequeathed by a a
woman of the name of Emiline.”

The Church is dedicated to the Assumption, the festival of side
is August 15th (Lady-Day in harvest), and tradition says that the
village revel was held on that day.

It is stated by Daniell (Hist. of Warminster, p. 44), that one
Robert le Bore, who was lord of Hill Deverill, founded a Chantry
there, and endowed it with two messuages, thirty acres of arable
land, one of mead, and £20 a year to maintain it. It is called the
Chapel of the Holy Trinity, and John le Bore is mentioned as
Chaplain. The date of this foundation is in or after 1324: the en-
dowment is lavish. The only other date at which this Chantry

appears is 1408, when William Flde is said to be Chantry Chaplain. |

There seems no record of this Chantry being founded in connection
with the Parish Church. Perhaps it was at Baycliff. All chantries
were suppressed in 1547, owing to the abuses to which they led
(Social England, vol. iii., pp. 85, 86). Eighteen grammar schools
were founded out of the amount realised by their suppression.
To return to the Parish Church. In 1405 John de Gowayne and
others gave to the Priory of Maiden Bradley lands in Hill Deverill
to maintain a certain lamp in the Church. A visitation was held
by Dean Chandler, in 1408, when the name ofa priest is given. In
1533 William Ludlow, in his will proved this year, directs that a

picture of himself and his heirs should be placed in the Chureh. |

The altar-tomb in the Church is that of his father, John Ludlow,
whose will was proved in November, 1519: the brass inscription
has been removed. In 1553 a visitation was held by the King’s
Commissioners; they left a chalice of 7oz., and three bells ; 240z. of
silver went to the King. We get no other notice of the Church
till 1648, when the registers begin. It is not possible to make out
a complete list of Incumbents, because the Church was a prebend in
Heytesbury ; and the prebendal register of Heytesbury is not only
fragmentary, but, where it gives the name of a clergyman connected

with Hill Deverill, the name may be merely that of the holder of -

nee bee

om

———
.

UU SS ee ee ee
-

By John U. Powell, MA. 241

the prebend. The first year in which the name of a.“ curate”
appears in the registers is 1710; the name is Brian Holland. He
signs again in 1718, but his marriage with Ann Dean is recorded
as early as 1685, “inter horas canonicas.” The names which occur
before the Reformation, taken from Hoare, are :—

1220. Bartholomew, Parson (persona), and a “ Capellanus
annuus”? named John.

1408. John Haydon, Vicar.

1419. William Atte Ponde, Vicar.

1421. Hugo Newman, by exchange.

After the Reformation :—

1682. Edmund Ludlow Coker... He was born at Hill
Deverill, 1659.

[1685. Brian Holland “Curate” of Heytesbury in 1672.
In 1682 he is described as Prebendary. ]

1710. Brian Holland, Curate.?

1718. Brian Holland, Curate.

1726. Benjamin Coker. His handwriting appears in the
registers till 1731. He was probably nephew of the
above-named Edmund Ludlow Coker; he was baptised.
1687, was Rector of Kingston Deverill, died 1732,
and was buried at Hill Deverill.

1727. Francis Cave solemnises a marriage. Perhaps his
writing appears also in 1782. He was Vicar of
Norton Bavant.

1741. John Forman, Minister.

1742. Ditto.

1756. Robert Twyford, Curate.

1787—1796. B. Thring, Curate.

1797 (August). J. Seagram, Curate.

1798—1836. G. Smith, Curate. He was also Vicar of Norton
Bavant.

1 Hoare.
° This entry, and the following, are in the registers,
3 A gap occurs in the registers from 1720—1725,

242 A Sketch of the History of Hill Deveriil.

1837. Robert Meek.

1838—1858. William Barnes. He was also Rector of Brixton
Deverill.

1858. John Powell.

All these names occur in one or other of the parish documents.
The lists for Longbridge Deverill, which was held by the Abbey of
Glastonbury, and that of Brixton, in the gift of the Bishop, are
much more complete.

The Churchwardens’ accounts show that, as was generally the
ease in the eighteenth century, the Communion was administered
four times in the year, and this continued till 1858.

The Church required continual repairs, especially at the hands of
the tilers and glaziers. In 1789 a sum of £144 was laid out upon
it; sixty-eight rates were levied, producing £151; and in
1841 a complete re-building took place. This cost £436, of which
£409 was raised by subscription. The Church was pulled down,
with the exception of the east wall, and in the re-building most of
the ancient features were lost. The plate in Hoare gives a plan of
the Church as it was in his time. The porch there figured was
removed in 1841: under the year 1775 in the churchwardens’
account is an entry “‘ mending the tower”: but there is no reason
for thinking this tower anything more than a bell-cote. The altar-
rails are good oak of the last century. The east wall of the Church
was not pulled down, and may be seen outside to be in material and
construction quite different from the other parts. Into the east wall
outside is built a head carved in stone, but it is now hidden by the ivy.
Of the Church plate the oldest piece is the flagon, which bears the
arms of Ludlow. It was, perhaps, in the repairs of 1789 that some
of the wooden monuments in the chancel were re-painted, and
wrong dates put in. This will be noticed below, in dealing with
the family of Coker. In 1860 the organ was putin. Hitherto the
music had been supplied by wind and stringed instruments.!

3.—The Parish Registers and Documents.

(«) The Register begins in 1648, but the only name that appears

1 This band originally went from church to church, but at the last played here
twice each Sunday.

}
t
F
=
*

7

eS ee a ee! lll ee Cl

By John U. Powell, M.A. 245

for a few years is Coker; and perhaps the entries for this family
till 1660 were added all together. Other names began to appear
in 1658, and perhaps also on a preceding page, but the dates are
illegible. There are*no entries for the years 1671 to 1676, in-
elusive, and the list is probably incomplete from 1659 to 1662 and
from 1696 to 1702. Vol. I. ends in 1720, and Vol II. begins in
1725; between these years there are no entries. Vol. II. ends in
1757; Vol. IIT. begins in 1758, but contains in the middle of the
book two sets of banns for 1756, and on the first page a marriage
for the same year. It endsin 1812. The Rev. G. Smith, incum-
bent 1798—1836, in a paper descriptive of the registers, drawn up

_ by himself in May 1813, remarks :—“ Vol. II. appears deficient in

many places: a leaf appears to have been torn out after the year
1735, but there is an account at the end of the book for the year
1736.’’ This is perhaps true; at the same time, the average number
of births and burials recorded for 1735 is not smaller than for other
years. In 1693, and in many succeeding years, generally in April,
the registers are seen and endorsed by various persons, presumably
magistrates. From 1680 to 1699, and even to 1735, there are
records of burials in woollen, and affidavits thereof. The Act
requiring these was passed in 1666. Other curious entries are “ an
aught of David” (i.e., affidavit); ‘“Sacheverill” as a Christian
name (1719) ; rough scribblings, such as “ Young men beware, for
there is a day of doom”’;
“George Selward is my name,
And with my pen I write the same.

And if my pen had been better
I would amend every letter ” ;

“Te that swims in sin shall sink in sorrow”; “ Moses Sheppard,
a child that was found in the field, baptised, July 1745.”’ Baptisms
are recorded during the time of the Commonwealth, in 1658,
although from 1655 to 1660 the worship of the Church was carried
on only in the strictest secrecy and under the severest penalties.

(6) Parish Accounts. The first volume contains the accounts of
the years 1740—1756, and consists merely of the accounts of money
paid to the poor, and of the names of successive overseers, the first

244 A Sketch of the History of Hill Deveriil.

mentioned being Thomas Lampard for 1741-2, and William Gray,
1742-3. In 1747 payments are made for cutting a new road at
Bradbury. In August, 1749, small-pox occurs.

(c) The Churchwardens’ Accounts begin in 1740; Vol. I. cages
1740—1848. They are kept regularly. There is nothing par-
ticular to notice in them beyond the entries of payments for
“‘varmints’ heads,” stoats, foxes, hedgehogs, polecats, and sparrows.
The last of these payments isin 1824. The prices are :—a fox, 6d. ;
a stoat, 3d.; polecat, 3d.; hedgehog, 2d.; a dozen sparrows, 2d.

As to the existence of these various registers we may remark that
the first entry is that of the birth of the first son of Sir Henry
Coker and Elizabeth, his wife, born Ludlow; she was born in 1630,
and succeeded to the Hill Deverill estate on the death of her father
in 1644. As the date of her child’s birth is September, 1648, clearly
the register begins to be kept when Sir Henry Coker comes to live
in the parish. The first name other than Coker is Richard
Huntly (married in or about 1660). Perhaps the Coker entries
from 1648 to 1659 were made all together in 1659: the first
contemporary entry may be in 1654.1

John Forman, Minister, and Thomas Webb sign the parish

accounts for 1740.
_ The earliest date at which the name of any family now (1895)
living in the parish appears, is 1685, when William Parker is
baptised ; then come Job Grey, 1708, who is described as servant to
Viscount Weymouth, and who marries Elizabeth Carraway, servant
to the Lady Coker ; (the spelling Gray does not occur till 1727, when
Ann, the wife of Edward Gray, is buried) ; Mary, the daughter of
Abigail Ruddick, baptised 1729; William Foord, buried 1741;
Mary Carpenter, buried 1746 ; Bichihes son of William and Sarah
Houlton, baptised 1779; Ann, daughter of Joseph and Letica
Collins, baptised 1782; and William Doman, born 1787.

An accurate transcript of the registers, with the names arranged

} The handwriting of the first few years in the register is not improbably that
of Sir Henry Coker, whose signature is preserved in a copy of Culpeper’s Herbal
(published 1651), existing in the next parish,

L.

By John U. Powell, M.A. 245

in alphabetical order for convenience of reference, is being prepared
under the direction of the writer.

There is one charity in the parish, the interest of £100, to be
applied by the Vicar and churchwardens to buy bread and coal for
eight of the oldest men and women, residents in and natives of the
parish. It was left in 1875 by John Hale Clifford, to be distributed
on Good Friday.

4.—History of the Land.

The early history of the Manor is obscure, but there is no ground
for disputing the conclusions of Hoare in his account of the parish.!
We find that there were three holders in Domesday, Osbern
Giffard, Edward of Salisbury, and the Harl of Gloucester. Putting
together what Hoare says in his notices of the families of Giffard
(Heytesbury Hundred, pp. 201 and 238) and Matravers (pp. 181
and 221), we find that what the Giffards possessed continued with
them till 1319, when their estates were forfeited to the Crown; then
it passed to the Spencers; was forfeited again to the Crown, who
gave it in 1331 to Sir John Matravers, who died 1368 ; a descendant
of his, Eleanor, married Sir John Arundel, who died at sea, 1380.
He is apparently the person who was drowned off the coast of
Brittany, and who is quaintly described as having lost “ not only his
life, but all his body-apparel, to the amount of two and fifty suits
of cloth of gold” (Social England, ii., p. 389). His widow married
Sir Roger Cobham, who died seised of the manor in 1405.
‘From this point there is at present a gap in our notices of it till
we find William Ludlow the owner at his death in 1478. The

1 Hoare identifies the Deverel which in Domesday is put down to Edward of
Salisbury as Hill; but Canon Jones (Wilts Domesday, p. 212), as Kingston ;
Hoare identifies the Deverel which is put down to Urso, as Kingston ; Jones ag
Hill. I believe Hoare to be right, for the Urso property has a mill attributed to
it ; now, Hill Deverill already had its mill in Osbern’s property, while Kingston
is the only Deverill which appears to have had none; the conclusion is therefore
almost irresistible that Urso’s land with its mill is partof Kingston. Eachjplace
then has its mill. Jones, however, seems right in identifying Edgar’s Devrel

(Domesday) as a part of Hill Deverill.

» 2 This may be inferred from a comparison of Hoare, pp. 221 and 301.

246 A Sketch of the History of Hill Deveritl.

family of Deverel appears to have had the following history :—It
is the same, if the argument in the section on the derivation of the
name is sound, as the family of Edward of Salisbury : his patrimony
descended to the Longespees (Hoare, p. 8), and apparently through
them to the Giffards (Hoare, p. 239). The Deverels aiso held of
the Giffards, and this property seems to have been forfeited to the
Crown, in 1338: the Crown granted it to Sir Thomas Cary, who
died 1382.

It seems not unsafe to conclude that the family of Ludlow got
possession of the main part of the parish somewhere in the middle
of the fifteenth century, and made their home there.

In 1478 the manor is in the possession of William Ludlow; a
pedigree of this family is inserted in Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xxvi.,
p. 1. He is the first of his name who is known to have held the
manor. This William Ludlow was an important person. He was
Butler to Henry IV., V., and VI.; in 1439 he was appointed
Marshal of Calais, and afterwards Parker of the Park at Ludgershall;
in 1449 he appears as farmer of certain customs in Wilts; he died
in 1478, and is buried in St. Thomas’s Church, Salisbury. He had
rebuilt the north aisle of this Church, and decorated it with stained
glass, whereon were figures of himself and his family. His tomb
was near the altar, but has disappeared. From this time till
1648 the manor remains in this family. In the will of William

Ludlow the manor is described as consisting of “two tofts [i.e.,.

house and farm buildings], two and a half carucates of land, six
acres of meadow, fifteen acres of wood, and three shillings rent in
Hull Deverill and Deverill Langbrigge.” His grandson, John
Ludlow, was buried in the chancel of Hill Deverill, 1519. The fine
altar-tomb is his. It was probably John who built the old buildings
now used for farm purposes at the Manor Farm: they are described
in the Magazine, vol. xxvii., p. 270-1, and are dated some time after
1488: the proof of this is given in the Magazine, vol. xxviii., p. 169.
John’s son, William Ludlow, in his will (proved 1533), directs that a
picture of himself and his heirs should be placed in the Church.
The family held land in most of the Deverills, and also held Maiden
Bradley and Yarnfield under lease of the Seymours. They took a

a

By John U. Powell, M.A. 247

conspicuous part in affairs; thus, a Ludlow represents Ludgershall
in 1597, Andover in 1601, Hindon in 1604, Heytesbury in 1620
and 1624. But the member of the family who comes prominently
into notice is Edmund Ludlow, who took a leading part as a Par-
liamentarian in the Civil Wars, and was one of the judges at the
trial of Charles I. In 1648 he was sent into Wilts by the Parlia-
ment to raise a troop of horse, and in the early pages of his Memoirs
he narrates how he was besieged in Wardour Castle by the Royalists:
_ itis a vivid and spirited account. There are several notices of brisk
encounters between his forces and the Royalists commanded by the
Sheriff of Wilts. To one of these skirmishes perhaps belongs the
tradition, which is still repeated, that the mill at Hill Deverill was
used as a headquarters. It is also said that the mounds and ditches
in the field facing the Church (marked in the Ordnance Map as a
British settlement) are the remains of houses in the village which
were battered down by Royalist cannon mounted upon what is
known as the Burnbake, between the Manor House and the road
from Warminster to Shaftesbury. It is said that the shots were
fired at the house, but that the elevation was too high, and the
shots passing over, hit the houses in the village. There is another
piece of tradition, namely, that the oval window in the manor house
facing the Church had cannon mounted at it!; and that traitors
were shut up in the house. But although the Royalists may not
have succeeded in destroying the Ludlows’ house at Hill Deverill,
their house at Maiden Bradley, where Edmund Ludlow was born,
is expressly stated by Aubrey to have been dilapidated in the Civil
Wars. Another encounter took place on the Heath, above War- |
minster Common, on the Deverill road. We may notice that there
is still a tradition which says that the mound near the reservoir was
a position taken by troops; and there are mounds at Pertwood and
Cold Kitchen Hill said to be earth-works. But the mounds men-
tioned here and above are far older, for some are barrows. As is
usual, they have had these later traditions attached to them: still,
traditions are never lightly to be set aside, and do, in themselves,

1 This cannot be literally true, as the window itself is of later date.

248 A Sketch of the History of Hill Deveriil.

form part, if not of a local history, at all events of local lore.
Whether these traditions have any value or not as history, they
show that the Civil War made a great impression in this quiet
valley. On which side popular sympathy lay, we do not know, but
in a letter dated April 2nd, 1660, William Thynne, writing to Sir
James Thynne about the election at Hindon, for which Edmund
Ludlow was standing, says “the country generally are against
Ludlow.” His judgment seems correct, for Ludlow was not
elected. Hindon apparently was afraid of him, “his appearance
(for fear more than love) takes much with them, and many of our
voices appeared but with cloudy countenances after he came into
town.” Gabriel Ludlow was killed at the Battle of Newbury in
1644; Benjamin was killed at the siege of Corfe Castle in 1659-60 ;
Roger Ludlow matriculated at Balliol in 1610, and became Deputy-
Governor of Massachusetts and Connecticut: he compiled the first
Connecticut code of laws, published in 1672. The estate descends
regularly in the male line, till Edmund Ludlow. He had but one
child, Elizabeth, baptised at East Coker, in Somerset, February,
1630; he died in 1644 (will proved February, 1642), and the
young heiress married Sir Henry Coker, of Maypowder, in Dorset,
when she was about seventeen years old. ‘The manor thus becomes
associated with the name of Coker, from 1648 till 1736, and the
name of Ludlow does not occur in any of the many legends which
have grown up about the Manor House.

Sir Henry Coker, who was a Royalist, had a large family, several
of whom died in infancy: a tablet to their memory is in the
Church, and the vault in which they were buried on the north side
of the chancel was known as ‘“ Coker’s Hole.” The manor went to
his eldest surviving son, Henry. He died in 1736, aged 80, and
was succeeded by his second son, Thomas, who, in 1737, sold it to
the Duke of Marlborough, and lived at Monkton Deverill in a house
where the Ludlow coat of arms can now be seen facing the road. In
1796 it was bought by the Duke of Somerset, who held it till 1888,
when it was bought by Mr. C. H. Stratton, of Kingston Deverill.
Tenant-farmers dwelt in the house from 1737 to 1888.

To return to the Cokers: the monument in the Church.to Sir

By John U. Powell, M.A. 249

Henry Coker was probably re-painted wrongly at some time (perhaps
in 1789, when the Church was repaired) : for a rare portrait of him,
in the possession of the Rev. John Powell, has this inscription :—
“The Honble. Sir Henry Coker, of the County of Wilts, Knight, High Sheriffe,
An° 63. Coll: of Horse and Foot to King Charles the First ; Coll: to the King

of Spayne, and Coll: to his Ma: that now is for the servis of Worcester, now Genti
of the Privy Chamber, xtat. 48. 1669,”

The print is signed “ W. Faithorne ad vivum faciebat.” It is well
executed, and is surrounded by a garland of oak-leaves. Sir Henry
Coker died in 1693, according to the register, aged 72. In the
copy of Culpeper’s Herbal, mentioned above, are prescriptions
“taken by me Sir Henry Coker, 1690”; but on the monument
he is stated to have died in 1661, aged 60. His son, Henry, died
in 1736, aged 80: Henry’s signature, endorsing the registers, appears
for the first time in 1704, and for the last time in 1730; it is
he who figures large in the parish legends as “ Old Coker.”

The Manor House presents some features of interest, but it must
have been greatly altered in the eighteenth century, when it became
a farm-house, and perhaps was most altered when a fresh tenant came
in 1808. Certainly the grounds were altered, for there were fish-

_ ponds, and many buildings were pulled down. There are traces of a

banqueting-hall at the back of the house, withadais. The situation
was well-chosen, and strong. It would be described now-a-days as
“being close to two main lines”: that is, the roads from Warminster
to Shaftesbury (Wilts to Dorset), and from Andover and Heytesbury
to Bruton (London to Somerset and the West), run close by, making
Hindon, Warminster, and Bruton—important centres then—easily
within reach. It is near the river, and bordered by a marsh ; on two
sides there are traces of a moat, and, according to local tradition,
there was a drawbridge. There still remain five loopholes in a
wall, commanding the only approach. This road runs into an ancient
drove called Lawrence’s Lane, straight to Bidcombe, and also con-
nects with the road to Maiden Bradley. Tradition calls the house “a
den of robbers, into which many went in that never came out,” and
points to ineffaceable blood-stains in a room overlooking the lonely
marsh. Into the parapet of the bridge are worked well-carved

+YyoL. XXVIII.—NO. LXXXIV. T

250 A Sketch of the History of Hill Deverill,

building stones, and there are others elsewhere, all pointing to a
good building. A medieval tile with fleur-de-lys pattern was
turned up close by in 1893. The group of ancient buildings in the
farmyard, mentioned above,! has its front face built in a style
common in this district, that is, alternate squares of hewn stone and
flints, giving the appearance of a chess-board.

The present road through the parish is not the ancient road.
Formerly the road ran to about 180 yards short of the Church, when
it bent to the south-east, and joined the afore-mentioned road from
the Manor Farm. A close observer can still mark its direction by
an old hedge and trees: it ran just under the east wall of the
churchyard. To get from the village to Brixton Deverill the way
would have been along these two roads to the old road over the
shoulder of Bradbury, or by a footpath, where a causeway can still
be traced on the west bank of the river. This was the more direct
way; there were cottages on it called Hobath (short for Rehobath) ;
in all the meadows close by numbers of building stones may be
turned up. The beams in the barn at Rye Hill Farm are popularly
said to have been brought from the Manor Farm, and go by the
name of ‘ Coker’s bedstead.”” The present road to Brixton Deverill
was made in 1854, through the exertions of the Rev. W. Barnes,
an active-minded man, who held the livings of Brixton and Hill
Deverill. From the isolated position of the place it is not surprising
to find that the inhabitants were credited with speaking a broader
dialect than their neighbours, and that a good amount of folk-lore
can still be unearthed. At the eastern boundary of the parish are
thorn-bushes known by the name of “Gospel Thorn”’; this probably
points to the custom of reading the gospel under the trees which
had been planted to mark the boundaries, when the bounds were
beaten.?

The parish, like most parishes in this district, runs across the
valley, the idea being that each should have its share of water-
meadow, low-lying land, and upland. The name “ Lady-well”’ is

1See Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xxvii., p. 270-1.
? See Clodd, Childhood of Religions, p. 99.

a

By John U. Powell, M.A. 251

still attached to a well in a bottom east of the Manor House, in a
fold of the downs.

The tithes were formerly paid to the Prebendary, who was Rector;
in 1818 they were leased on three lives to the Duke of Somerset ;
the last life dropped in 1895, and as an Act had been passed in 1839
vesting the estate of non-residentiary prebends in the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners, the tithes fell to them. The ecclesiastical patronage,
however, is transferred by the same Act from the suppressed prebend-
aries to the Bishop of the Diocese, who exchanged it with the
Marquis of Bath, in 1877, for the patronage of Imber. ‘The en-
dowment consists of land bought by Queen Anne’s Bounty in the
parishes of North and South Barrow, in Somerset.

There is a mill mentioned in Domesday, and again in 1342. The
farm-house which goes with the mill was formerly a poor-house in
the days when each parish kept its own poor, that is, till the reforms
in 1834. The first cottage on the right as one enters the parish is very
substantially built: one of its walls must be 5ft. thick. Probably
it was at one time a farm-house. The first cottage on the left in
the parish is said by tradition to have been the first cottage built.
The row of cottages beyond the mill is called the Malthouse.

Some of the names of the fields are interesting. The following
are all on Rye Hill Farm, but the names point to a time when the
land was much different in appearance; in the days of high farming
and high prices the hedge-rows, planted when the Enclosure Acts
were passed at the end of the last century, were grubbed up, and
the small fields were thrown into large oncs. Mr. Edward Jefferys,
who died in 1870, is said to have added twelve acres to the arable
part of the farm in this way, by grubbing thickets and undergrowth.
- The names are :—“Devil’s Parrick” (A.S. pearroc), so called
because horses, when ploughing or going alone in the drove,
would run away, for summat did gally [scare] them”; “ Pot-hole
Thicket’; “ Fiery Corner”; “ Upper Spix.”

The only industry besides farming was glove-making and button-
making by the women.

Dim historical traditions still remain of Alfred, the scene of
whose exploits is near; a faint reminiscence of the Danes in the

T 2

252 Notes, Archeological and Historical.

expression ‘‘a Daner,” or “ Dane,” for a red-haired man; and of
a mysterious past “when there was a king in every county.”
Traditions of the Civil Wars, too, survive, as we have seen above.

Lastly, there is'a fair amount of folk-lore still remaining; white
ladies and headless men; appearances of dead inhabitants round
their old haunts; buried treasure (the hiding of Church plate) ; the
appearance of the dead on Midsummer Eve; of a coach witha
headless driver; and the laying of spirits. Of spirit-laying, and
phantoms of the night, thrilling stories are still told in a
circumstantial and vivid way. A place with a lonely situation,
an old house and Church possessing every accessory of mystery and
romance, an old-established family, and a population of Teutonic
descent, are materials for creating an atmosphere of mystery. But
these stories cannot here be entered upon; the spirit of romance
flies before the cold light of names, dates, and documents.

*,* This paper was written in September, and was revised by the late Rev.
John Powell.

Alotes, Archwological and Mistovical.

Tur CHALYBEATE Spas or Satine Sprincs at WHITEHILL
Farm, Woorron Bassett, AND AT CHRIsTIAN MALForD.

In the notes appended to the “ Perambulation of the Park of Fasterne in
1602,” which appeared in the last number of the Magazine, I omitted to mention
that about a hundred and fifty yards to the east of the site of the moated resi-
dence of the Ranger, mentioned therein, is the remarkable saline spring, which
is of such repute amongst the inhabitants of that part of Wilts. In the summer
months large quantities of the water are taken away by visitors from the towns
and villages within a radius of ten miles or more. On Sunday mornings,
especially, in May and June, there may sometimes be seen as many as thirty
persons at one time drinking the water or filling their various vessels. On one
occasion (in May, 1879) the present tenant of the farm (Mr. Hathway) had the
number who came during the day counted, and they amounted to near upon
four hundred. The public have full and free permission to visit the place and
take the water at all times. The well is enclosed with brick, and the water
comes up slowly through an iron pipe, the length of which is not known. The
field in which the spring is situated is usually reserved for the pasturage of

————

—s

Notes, Archeological and Historical. 253

young cattle, as it has been long known that they enjoy there an immunity from
the disease known as “ quarter evil,” or inflamatory fever, to which young stock
are frequently subject. It has been stated that Queen Elizabeth once paid a
visit to the place from Fasterne—about a mile southwards, but it is doubtful if
there is any truth in the assertion. The great and little parks of Fasterne, with
the manors of Tockenham, Ashton Keynes, Rowde, and Chilton Foliatt were
part of the dower and jointure of the Queens of England, commencing with
Elizabeth of York (mother of Henry VIII.), and ending with Queen Katherine
Parr. In the Privy Purse expenses of the former, mention is made that in 1502
and 1503 many deer were taken from Fasterne to other royal parks, and venison
supplied from it to her house in the Minories, in London. All the six wives
of Henry VIII. were successive owners in their turn, no doubt, for long or short
periods, and it is recorded in a document unearthed at Longleat by the late Canon

_ Jackson (of which the writer has, by his kindness, a copy), that Katherine

Howard (during-her brief career of two years as Queen) received of Dionisia
Person (Parsons) of Queen’s Court Farm, Tockenham, the sum of £13 6s. 8d.
“in the name of a fine” for that farm, which sum she also subsequently paid to
Katherine Parr, besides having to find “ man mete, horse mete, and lodging for
one night’ for the Queen’s surveyors when they came; but the audits were held
at Fasterne. If Elizabeth ever came to Fasterne it was probably in her infancy,
with her mother, Ann Boleyn (who was executed when she was three years old):
after whom the road between Coped-Hall and Baynard’s-Ash appears to be
named, as mentioned in the perambulation. It is not at all probable that
Elizabeth came to Fasterne in her later years, as Sir Francis Englefield, who
resided there (being a Catholic) was regarded, and treated, as one of her enemies.

To return, however, to the particular subject of this paper, it may be men-

' tioned that about forty years ago an analysis of this saline water was made for

the Earl of Clarendon, then owner, by the late Mr. Gyde, of Painswick, which
was as follows :—

* Analysis of Water at Whitehill, Wootton Bassett.

Taste of water x oF ae saline.
Re-action eae ae slightly acid.
Specific gravity at 60 degrees oe St 100°73
Gases in solution ... carbonic acid and traces of nitrogen.

Solid contents (dry) obtained by actual experiment 83°7 in a pint,
consisting of :—

Chloride of sodium ss vate La OO
Chloride of magnesia ... me ‘21
Carbonate of lime bes ne 34,
Carbonate of magnesia’... a om
Sulphate of soda (dry) nee iain OL a
(equal to 128 grains of heim mae sulphate of i ee

Sulphate be magnesia .. ake 1:10
Sulphate of lime .. ids “te 64,
Iodide of sodium ae (traces)

Organic matter, consisting of ikdttate of
ammonia and other .sniniile organic
compounds ,., se ee *20,”

254 Notes, Archeological and Historical,

The analyst further stated that there was only one other saline spring known to
exist which was richer in sulphate of soda, namely, that of Leidchutz, in Germany.

According to an analysis of the mineral water at Purton, the total solid residue
per gallon was 341°728, and of sulphate of soda 112°239—temperature 583 degs.

Sir H. B. Meux, Bart., has also on his estate at Christian Malford another chaly-
beate spring, which the people there aver to be superior even to that at Whitehill
in its curative properties. I1t is situated in the meadow between the residence
known as “The Comedy” and the road leading to Chippenham. In a most
interesting work (in four vols., London, 1742), intituled “ A Tour through the
whole of Great Britain by a Gentleman,” this spring is incorrectly stated to be
in the parish of Dauntsey, of which place it has a long and amusing account.
The spa is thus alluded to:—“Tho’ this place is often overflowed with water,
yet there is none good either for brewing or washing, or any spring of sweet
water. Here is a spring of a chalybeate kind which would turn to good account
were it not in such a distant and almost inaccessible part of the country oc-
casioned by bad roads, which were a great protection to the inhabitants in the
late Civil Warrs, who were never visited by either party, but injoyed an easy
and uninterrupted repose, whilst their neighbours, on all sides, were involved in
the calamities of that unnatural war.’ The cheese made at Dauntsey is very
highly praised, being considered as equal to Cheddar, and it is stated that there
was not a single acre of arable land in the parish, nor any which did not belong
to Lord Peterborough, who was so much cheated and imposed on by the widows
of his deceased copyholders that he recommended in a humorous way “ his manor
of Dauntsey to all such as were apprehensive of dying.” The author, who was
the celebrated novelist, Samuel Richardson (the author of “ Pamela,” &c.),
describes the tower of Dauntsey Church as one of the best built he had ever seen.

Aubrey, in his “ Collections for North Wilts,” relating to Wootton Bassett,
mentions that at “the parke here there is a petrifying water which petrifies
very quickly.” This petrifaction is a calcareous deposit from the water derived
from the coral rag. The spring is situated on the north side of the town at
a short distance from it, on a piece of land originally of a hundred acres,
called the “Lawn,” or “ Lawnd,” mentioned in the petition to Parliament
from the inhabitants in the time of the Commonwealth as being assigned to
them for pasturage by Sir Francis Englefield, when he deprived them of their
supposed rights in Fasterne Great Park.

Aubrey also mentions “that at Huntsmill there is a well where the water
turns the leaves, &c., of a red colour.” He probably saw this spring on his
visit to Oxford from Draycot, by the side of the road, before the latter was
diverted in 1793, at the time of the introduction of turnpikes. The water
has still that property from its ferruginous nature. From a quarry being
opened in 1832 on the other side of the road it now rises there.

W. F. Parsons.

Tur Fire at Coterne, 1774.

The dreadful fire that happened at Colerne, in the County of Wilts on the 1st
of April, 1774, reduced to ashes forty-two dwelling-houses, two malt-houses,

Notes, Archeological and Historical,

a

255

eighteen barns, seven stables, thirty-six out-houses, three wheat-ricks and three
hay-ricks, and reduced nearly sixty families (including lodgers) to the greatest

Sufferers’ names and avocations.

Smith, Isaac
Smith, John

necessity.
1 | Aust, Daniel -
2 | Ball, Hannah -
3 | Ball, Samuel -
4| Blatchley, Thomas -
5 | Blatchley, Ann -
6 | Baker, William -
7 | Baver, Joan -
8 | Butler, Robert -
9 | Burgess, Joseph -
10 | Cripps, Mary, Widow
11 | Cox, Samuel -
12 | Davis, Thomas -
13 | Fisher, George -
14 | Fudge, Joan, Widow-
15 | Ford, Thomas -
16 | Gardner, Joan -
17 | Greenway, Francis -
18 | Hulbert, Thomas’ -
19 | Hulbert, James -
20 | Hulbert, William — -
21 | Hulbert, Ann, Widow
22 | Jones, Ann -
23 | Jones, Thomas -
24| Johnson, Richard -
25 | Kingston, Daniel -
26 | Little, Jane -
27 | Moxam, Abel -
28 | Milsom, James -
29 | Milsom, Richard -
30 | Moon, Joseph -
31 | Mullings, John -
32 | Mullings, Thomas” -
33 | Mullings, John -
34 | Mullings, Mary -
35 | Nowell, Benjamin -
36 | Osborne, James -
37 | Osborne, John -
38 | Orchard, Dorcas -
39 | Reed, Henry -
40 | Ricketts, George — -
41 | Selman, Unity -
42 | Shewring, William -
43 | Shewring, Betty -
44} Simmons, Richard -
45 | Smith, Thomas -

Southward, Thomas

Woolcomber
Spinner
Labourer -
ditto -
Spinner” -
Labourer -
Spinner -
Carpenter -
Labourer -
Spinner -
Labourer -
ditto -
ditto -
Spinner -
Labourer -
Spinner -
Baker -
Mason -
Shoemaker -
Labourer

seenee

Publican
Labourer
ditto

Spinner
Farmer

Butcher
Baker

Farmer
Carpenter
Mason

Labourer
Spinner
Scribbler
Labourer
ditto

Spinner
Farmer
Carpenter
Spinner
Labourer
Spinner
Blacksmith -
Maltster” -
Labourer -
Sheerman -
Maltster_ -

59
38
60
38

54
58

Age of
Children,

—__

s.

eeeeee

seenee

erence

Serie
ew
on

seenee

bo
ein

DN wor r to Or Oe
or

we

Orbs Ww ONTO bow
ie.)

bo
—_
=
AA
a
Ling
~
bo

bo
Ne
i)
So

oo

e WROD DA
eo

weeeee

11,9, 7,4
6, 4,1:

Value of Guods
and Chattels.

SCAGCNWAAWOABOWRDOWwW

= BOAoOaHoOoOoN

ORPOTOEPNWOUOUMNAMOCWNWOOOWBNOOFRN

256 Notes, Archeological and Historical.

Age Value of Gents
Age.| of Age of and Chattels.

Wiie. Children, 8.

49 | Sumsion, S., Widow - | Spioner
50 | Sumsion, S., Junior ditto
51 | Sumsion, Samuel Cooper
52 | Sumsion, Samuel Publican

- -| 42 | ... | 5 children 217 0
53 | Sumsion, Michael -| ditto -| 48 | 43 | 7 children 3 .- -
54 | Tanner, John -, Farmer’ -| 57 | 60 | 26 215 - -
55 | Taylor, Daniel -| Glazier -| 30/26] ~~ ...... A ee
56 | Taylor, Ann wuspmaner shor Bds| canes
57 | Tily, Thomas -| Labourer -| 53 | 53 | 16,14, 13 Pier
58 | Tuckey, Richard -]| Blacksmith-| 20] ...| 1... Leapee
59 | Woodman, John -| Labourer -| 33 | 41 | 6, 4,4 in of
60 | Woodman, William -| Scribbler -| 54 | 58 | 20, 16 pre
61 | Walter, John -| Labourer -| 35 | 37 | 11, 2
62 | Walter, Ann -| Spinner - 59 | 34, 30 6 9 6
63 | Wiltshire, William -| Labourer -| 35 |43| ...... 915 11
Total -}'— | — 186 133417 3
£ sae
A general account of the damage sustained in the buildings,
surveyed, valued, and attested by Robert Powell, of M arsh-
field, Robert Hulbert, of Pickwick, and Daniel Davis, of
Colerne . a cons BOLL. Seas
Goods and chattels ok inte Aa em SRY el ley ie

£4246 6 5

The house and stock of Thomas Southwood were insured at £300, which is
the only insurance included in the estimate.

[Norr.—On the east end of Charterhouse Farm-house, at Colerne (lately
purchased by J. Walmsley, Esq.), are still to be seen traces of the fire, as also on
the cottage near.

P. Princ.

EXAMINATION OF THE Pits on Marrinseti Hitt,
AND THE ADJOINING Barrow.

By Cotonset T. Dunn and B. Howarp Cunnineton, F.S.A. Scor.

In the autumn of 1894 we made sundry excavations in the so-called pit-
dwellings on the eastern side of Martinsell Hill. Though we opened three or
four of these excavations no remains of ancient habitation of any description
were found. The local tradition that they are “ soldiers’ graves” and that the
mounds cover the remains of some noble warrior has nothing to justify it, as we
dug into two or three of these mounds but found that they consist of the ordinary
material of the hill (chalk) only. The earth from the excavations being thrown
straight to the front there formed rude mounds.

Mr. William Cunnington examined these pits in 1865, but found no remains

=).
ei:

Notes, Archeological and Historical. 257

of ancient inhabitants except a few fragments of pottery of old but uncertain
date.

Mr. Thomas Codrington, in a letter dated 1861, writes :—‘ The pits are in
two tiers, the lower tier separated from the steep sides of the hill by a terrace,
below which the chalk taken from the pits was thrown in mounds. Above this
lower set of pits are more mounds, then a terrace, then a second tier of pits.
The pits run one into another and out on to the terraces by what may have been
once round pits, but have now as much the appearance of passages in many cases.
This renders it difficult to count the number, but there are from thirty to thirty-
five, as near as I can make out. Round to the south is a pit much larger than
the rest, measuring thirty feet across.” i

As no relics of human habitation have been found here, and as the situation
is so extremely exposed, there is little probability that the pits were ever used
for dwellings. They may, possibly, however, have been constructed as shelters
for look-out men in times of danger. A line of similar ancient pits on the edge
of Rodborough Hill, near Stroud, Gloucestershire, are believed to have been used
for this purpose.

Whilst excavating in these pits we noted a large barrow situate a few hundred
yards to the east of the road leading to Marlborough. With the kind permission
of the Marquis of Ailesbury and the tenant, Mr. Haines, we opened this barrow
in May last. It is 11ft. high, 52ft. in diameter, and is surrounded by a trench
12ft: wide and 3ft. deep. The top of the barrow is dome-shaped like a bell, and
had in its centre a large beech-tree growing. There were also many trees—oak
and elm—growing on the barrow and round it on the outside of the trench.
Commencing on the eastern side we cut a trench 43ft. wide down to the original
soil, right through to the centre on the level, and then excavated out all round
to the distance of 2ft., thus effectually clearing out what was originally the first
earth thrown up. No indication in the shape of an interment was found. Just
before we reached the centre, about 4ft. from the original level, one large flint,
weighing perhaps 25lbs., was taken out, but nothing whatever was found beneath
it. Several specimens of flint knives and scrapers were found amongst the first
earth thrown up to make the barrow, i.e., in the layers nearest the original ground
level. One or two pieces of pottery very similar in appearance to that found in
the Broomsgrove Kilns were found nearer the surface. The undisturbed con;
dition of the barrow gave ample evidence that it had not been previously opened.
Whether it was raised to commemorate some great event, such as a victory or
death of a chieftain or prominent personage, it is of course impossible to say ;
but so far as the negative evidence goes, it seems against the supposition that it
it is a funereal mound.

WILtTsHiRE BrptioGRAPHY.

In the catalogue of second-hand books issued by Mr. Thomas Thorp, of
Reading, in May last, item No. 763 ran as follows :—“‘ WILTsHIRE.—Extensive
MS. Collections, by the late Canon Jackson, towards a Bibliography of Wiltshire,
in a parcel, 5s.” I wrote for it, but received a reply that it was already sold,
and subsequently learnt that the purchaser was Mr. Francis Jenkinson, of

(258 Notes, Archeological and Historical.

Trinity College, Cambridge, Librarian to the university. I wrote to Mr.
Jenkinson about it, and he most promptly and kindly replied by sending the
parcel for my acceptance for the use of the Society, in the proposed compilation
of a Wilts Bibliography. Examination of the parcel at once showed that it did
not contain the collections which Canon Jackson had made, which were known
to the Rev, E. H. Goddard and others, and were referred to in the paper on this
subject in the Magazine, vol. xxvi., p. 222, &c. In the parcel were two letters
from Canon Jackson to the late Mr. Henry Cunnington, of Devizes, which at
once gave the history of it, viz., that the major part of it consisted of memoranda
with regard to Wiltshire books sent by Mr. H. Cunnington to Canon Jackson to
make use of for his larger collection, in November, 1879. Canon Jackson’s
first letter, acknowledging the receipt of the packet, is dated 13th November,
1879, and his second, returning it, 23rd March, 1882. In the latter, after
saying that he had at last been able to go through the lists of books, he writes :—
“Thad, of course, on my previous list, the greater part of those in your lists,
but I found some fresh items, and also much help from Mr. Kemm’s accurate
description of works already briefly registered by me.”’

The actual contents of the parcel were :—

1.—‘ Catalogue of printed books and pamphlets relating to Wiltshire, in the
library of James Waylen, 1875.’ 18 pp., quarto ; the items arranged in order
of date.

2.—Mr. Henry Cunnington’s brief alphabetical list of books relating to
Wiltshire. 25 pp., foolscap.

3.—Printed. ‘A Catalogue of Tracts, Pamphlets, Prints, and Drawings,
illustrating Wiltshire, on sale for ready money, by Alfred Russell Smith, 36,
Soho Square, London, W. 1878.” 8vo., pp. 18.

4,— List of books relating to Wiltshire.” 88 pp. quarto. The books in this
list, which is the one compiled by Mr. Kemm, of Amesbury, and referred to
by Canon Jackson in his second letter, are not arranged in any special order,
but the titles of the books are given in full.

5.—An alphabetical index of the authors of works given in Mr. Kemm’s
list, made by and in Canon Jackson’s writing.

T imagine that the parcel must have come into the book market after the death
of Mr. Henry Cunnivgton. I have given the circumstances with regard to it
as fully as I can make them out, for they seem to me to be of interest. The
materials will of course be at the disposal of the Society for the purpose of the
bibliography of the county, whenever it is taken in hand.

C. W. Houeate.

Roman PAVEMENT AT Box.

During the visit of the Society to Box, on August 2nd, 1895, the Members
were shown a small patch of pavement about 9in. below the surface of the garden
of the house immediately opposite the north side of the Church tower, which had
recently been discovered. It measures about 4ft. x 2ft., the edges being broken
away. Miss Burges, the occupier of the garden, said that further search had
been made all round, but the pavement did not seem to extend further, and no

:
:

Notes, Archeological and THistorical. 259

doubt being so near the surface the remainder has been destroyed. The patch
consists of three stripes of rough tesserae—the centre one of tile, and the outside
stripes of dark red sandstone, and of a cream-coloured stone, apparently white
lias. There were also some small fragments of flue tiles. Doubtless this pave-
ment formed a part of the extensive villa, remains of which have been found in
the adjoining gardens from time to time, a portion of which is described in vol.
xxvi., p. 405, of this Magazine. Miss Burges has had the pavement covered
with a folding trap-door, but it is in a very disintegrated condition, and will
probably not long survive exposure.
E. H. Gopparp.

Tuer FLAGS oF THE CALNE VOLUNTEERS.

‘The two flags belonging to the Calne Volunteers have just been presented by
the Marquis of Lansdowne to the Corporation of Calne, and hung in the Town
Hall. These flags came into the possession of the grandfather of the present
Marquis when the old volunteers were disbanded. One of these flags is of yellow
silk, with a small Union Jack in the corner, and in the centre the borough arms
with the inscription round them “Calne Volunteers,” and, on a scroll below, the
motto “Pro Patria Parentibus et Uxoribus.’’ The other is a Union Jack with
“G. IIT. R.” surmounted by a crown, in the centre.

Wits Voitunterrs oF 1803.
Copied from “ The Sun,’ 17th December, 1803.
(From the London Gazette, December 15th, 1803.)

War Office, December 15th, 1803.

Alvedeston Company of Volunteers.

Charles King, Gent., to be Lieutenant.
John Ribbeck, Gent., to be Ensign.

Corsham Volunteer Infantry.
Robert John Hulbert, Gent., to be Lieutenant.
To be Ensigns—William Edwards, Gent.
William Ward, Gent.
Charles Barrow, Gent.

Devizes Volunteer Battalion.
William Salmon, Esq., to be Lieutenant-Colonel.
James Gent, Esq., to be Major.

Henry Butcher, Esq., to be Captain.
John Bodman Vince, Esq., to be ditto.
Daniel Compton, Gent., to be Lieutenant.
Robert Hughes, Gent., to be Adjutant.

260 Notes, Archeological and Historical

Downton Associated Volunteers.
James Bailey, Esq., to be Captain.
John Reeves, Gent., to be Lieutenant.
John Bailey, Jun., Gent., to be ditto.
Henry Rooke, Gent., to be Ensign.

Malmesbury Volunteer Infantry.
Lord Andover to be Major.
Samuel Haughton, Gent., to be Lieutenant, wice Coleman.
Eleanor Newman, Gent., to be Ensign, vice Smith.
Abraham Smith, Gent., to be Ensign, vice Maskelyn.

Whorwell Volunteers.
Frederick Iremonger to be Ensign, vice Rogers.

West Wilts Volunteer Battalion.
— McDowell, Gent., to be Adjutant.
G. E. DartNeLt.

Tue SALE oF THE COLLECTION OF ANTIQUITIES BELONGING TO
Tur Rey. BE. Duxs, or Laxt House.

The collection of antiquities belonging to the Rev. E. Duke, of Lake House,
was sold by auction on July 10th, 1895, by Messrs. Sotheby, Wilkinson &
Hodge. Nearly all the British articles came from barrows in the neighbour-
hood of Lake—and many of them are figured and described in Hoare’s Ancient
Wilts. The fact that they were in this way well known to antiquaries no
doubt accounted in some measure for the high prices which they realised.
The Committee of our Society had hoped that several of the lots might have
been secured for our Museum, and so have been kept in the county to which
they belonged, and the Rev. E. H. Goddard attended the sale on the Society’s
behalf. But, unfortunately for Wiltshire, Sir A. Wollaston Franks had set
his mind upon them for the British Museum, and in such circumstances local
societies or county museums find but scant mercy at his hands. No one who
knows anything of the matter can help acknowledging the unwearied industry
and the splendid private generosity by which he has so enriched the
national collections; but it is at least an open question whether the cause
of archeology is better served by the amassing of great numbers of similar
specimens in London—a large proportion of which cannot be exhibited for want
of room—rather than by allowing them to find a home in good local museums,
such as our own or that of General Pitt-Rivers, at Farnham, where, in addition
to the intrinsic interest of the several objects themselves, there is the added
local interest which arises from their being preserved in the localities in which
they have been discovered. Whatever may be the rights of the question, at
a sale the longest purse wins; and the British Museum accordingly acquired
all the most important lots, with two or three exceptions. One of these was
Lot 120, “one half. or side of a stone mould, in syenite, for casting bronze
celts, one face carved for making a single-looped socketed celt 43in. long ;

————

SE

aD eth ek tiie al lca
"

{
j

Notes, Archeological and Historical. 261

the other for making a double-looped celt 57in. long ; found at Bulford, near
Amesbury.” For this most interesting object a spirited contest took place
between the British Museum and Gen. Pitt-Rivers, and in the end it fell to
the latter bidder for £30. Gen. Pitt-Rivers also secured for £8 the smaller
of the two fine torques of bronze and three bronze finger-rings from Lake,
the larger torque going fur £7 10s. to Mr. Graves. The only lot secured
for our own Museum was No. 124, “a flat bronze armlet channelled on the
outer side” [wnhappily grievously rubbed up and mended] “and five simple
armlets of square or rounded bronze—all said-to be from Lake” (£3 5s.).
In Mr. Duke’s MS. notes of the contents of barrows opened in that neighbour-
hood, however, no mention of such armlets is made. Two bronze celts—one
socketed and one flanged—from Lake, went for £7.

The following were the lots bought by the British Museum, all from Lake

unless otherwise noted :—

Lot 113. A fine cinerary urn with deep rim, 153in. high. £9 5s.

» 114. Ditto, rim broken, 16in. high. £5 10s.

», 115. Ditto, unusually well made, and ornamented, narrow rim, 12in.
high. £10 10s.

» 116. Ditto, plain, no rim or ornament, marks on the side where handles
or eyelet-holes have been, 123in. high. £11.

», 117. Small food vessel, or urn, with two pierced ears or handles at
sides, 5in. high. £11.

» 118. About half-a-dozen small fragments of urns and food vessels with
different ornamentation. £3.

,, 119. The small reversible “ incense cup”’ figured in Ancient Wilts,
plate xxxi., one side of it a good deal broken; and a curious
flat circular cover (P apparently not belonging to the cup).
£7 10s. :

» 122. A small stone celt, broken flint arrow-head, three whetstones, and
four whorls from Lake and Normanton, &c. £2.

» 123. Five small bronze dagger blades—Ancient Wilts, vol. I., 211, 212

—and the point of a bronze spear-head found when making the
Kennet and Avon Canal. £18.

, 127. A very curious late Celtic armlet of thin hammered bronze filled
up with lead or tin, with repoussé engraved design and paste
beads set in it, found in 1802 in a stream work at Trenoweth;
Cornwall : figured in Archeologia. vol. xvi. £20.

4, 129. Four small pieces of bone, with patterns on them, described and
figured in Ancient Wilts, 1., 312, as tessere, but more probably
bone inlays; with small bronze chisel, bronze and bone awls,
and three beads of jet and chaleedony—all found at Lake,
£7 15s.

,, 130. Neck ornament formed of eight perforated plates of amber, found
at Lake, in 1806, in a barrow—Ancient Wilts, vol. I., 204;
Archeologia, vol. xlii., 505; together with three similar plates,
from an armlet (?) and eleven pendant-shaped beads from a
necklace of the same material. £41.

_,, 131. Fifty round beads, twenty barrel-shaped and six others, with ten

262 Notes, Archeological and Historical,

small buttons or bosses, all of amber, and thirteen long beads
of glazed earthenware (?)—(Ancient Wilts, vol. I., 211). £10.

Lot 132. Five medizeval crucibles of terra cotta, found in St. Thomas’s
Church, Salisbury, and a medieval bowl of tin, from Cornwall.
£12.

Other Wiltshire things which fell to different buyers were:—two bronze
erucifix figures, found at Old Sarum—one of them clothed and crowned after
the Byzantine fashion, with traces of enamel, and probably of the twelfth
century ; and another which may have been of the fourteenth century. A
couple of interesting silver rings, a seal with the figure of St. Catherine, all
found near Salisbury; a small gold ring with a sapphire, found at Durnford
(wrongly catalogued as an “ecclesiastic’s ring”); and two medieval arrow-
heads of iron, found near Salisbury.

An important object was the “St. John’s Head,” of alabaster, English work
of the fourteenth century, described by Mr. St. John Hope in Archeologia,
1892, in his paper on these curious devotional tablets, of which he enumerates
twenty-seven examples as known at present. This example isa fine one. It
went for £45. (The Salisbury Museum possesses another example presented
by the late Mr. Nightingale, which is said to have been found near Salisbury,
and is figured in Archeological Journal, 1855, vol. xii., 184.)

But perhaps the most remarkable things in the whole collection were the
two pairs of fire-dogs, which many of our Members must remember seeing in
the hall at Lake House. They are of brass, covered with blue-and-white
enamel, English work of the time, probably, of Elizabeth, or James I. Such
enamelled work is rare, and these are specially fine examples of it. The
larger pair, measuring 19in. in height, went for £86; the smaller, 143in.
high, for £50; both being bought by Mr. Harding.

The whole sale, which included some china and glass, realised £502 6s.

Oprentnc oF A Barrow At Porpte Cuurcu, NEAR ALDBOURNE.

This barrow, which is situated in a ploughed field close to the Ermine
Way—which is very perfect at this spot—is about two hundred yards from
the modern road from Shepherd’s Rest to Aldbourne, opposite the junction
with the Baydon Road. It is bowl-shaped, much spread by ploughing, and is
now 8Oft. in diameter and 3ft. Gin. high. Excavation was commenced in April,
1895, in the centre, and at 1ft. numerous flint-flakes were passed through,
together with fragments of burnt sarsen, also a piece of ornamented pottery,
probably part of a drinking-cup. At 2ft. layers of light brown earth were ex-
posed, about din. thick, sharply defined against the darker soil of the barrow. In
this were found three small flint scrapers, a piece of stag’s horn, and a quantity
of flakes. At 3ft. charcoal and wood ashes denoted that an interment was
near, and at 3ft. 6in. a heap of burnt bones was uncovered, placed on the
floor of the barrow, and not in a cist. The chalk underneath was rammed
down hard and smooth. Just above the bones was a knife-dagger of bronze,
the point of which is missing, and was broken off, apparently before it was
placed in the barrow. It is rather over 4in. long, and 13in. wide at the

16TH CENTURY SPUR FOUND AT MALMESBURY ABBEY.

Scale 4.

IRON Key OF THE ROMAN PERIOD FOUND AT OLDBURY CAMP. Scale 3.

BRONZE ARMLET FROM LAKE. Scale $.

ee a pS

— ee

Notes, Archeological and Historical. 263

handle end, and still retains the three rivets which fastened it to the handle,
the shape of which could be distinctly seen. By the side of this was a finely-
worked flint arrow-head, of an uncommon hollow-based type, 16 of an inch
long and the same in width.

The barrow stands in a field the surface of which is strewn with sherds of
Roman pottery. The farm labourers have a tradition that a Church and a
large town once existed on the spot.

A. D. PassmMosBeE.

British SKELETON AT SWINDON.

In August, 1894, some men, whilst cutting a road through a field called
the “ Butts,” near the Midland Railway bridge, came upon a skeleton lying
on its side, about 3{t. Gin. deep. The hands were covering the face, and the
knees drawn up towards the chin. The head pointed to the south-east. I
- arefuily examined the ground around the interment, and found several flint
flakes. From the position of the skeleton there can be no doubt that this is
a prehistoric burial. The skull has been pronounced by Professor Stuart to

be of the dolichocephalic type common in the Long Barrow Period. This
_ spot is not very far from the stone monument which once stood at Broom
_ Farm. In the top of the skull there is a small hole bored through about
4 large enough to admit a piece of string. I can only account for this by the
custom prevalent amongst some American Indians of boring the skull to admit
’ the departed spirit when paying visits to its former abode.

A. D. Passmore.

Roman Kry rrom OLppury CAstTLe.

The iron key here illustrated has lately been given to the Museum by Mr.
H. N. Goddard. It was found many years ago by flint-diggers on Oldbury
Castle. It is din. long, the stem being “piped”’ as in the case of modern
_ keys. The plate projects lin. from the stem, and has two slits for two straight
wards, with four long teeth set at right angles to the plate to raise the tumblers
of the lock. The handle is flat at the end, 2in. wide, and has a large hole
at the end for suspension. Very similar iron keys may be seen amongst the
_ Silchester finds in the Reading Museum, and others in bronze in the British

Museum.
E. H. Gopparvr.

A Mepimvat (Norman) Kitn anp Porrery ar Woorton
Bassett.

In the Magazine issued November, 1892 (vol. xxvi., p. 416), Mr. T. W.

Leslie reported the opening of two barrows near Wootton Bassett, one in a

field called ‘“‘ Woolleys,” at Knighton, the other at Brynard’s Hill. No
interment was found in either, though the presence of ashes and charred wood

264 Notes, Archeological and Historical,

seemed to point to cremation. The whole of the pottery found in both mounds
is of the same character, and it exactly agrees also with that found around
the remains of a kiln at Hunt’s Mill. Since Mr. Leslie’s notes were written
specimens from all these three localities have been submitted to Gen. Pitt-Rivers
for examination, and by him pronounced to be certainly Norman, and not
Romano-British, as had been supposed. This goes to prove that the mounds in
question were not sepulchral “ barrows” at all—a belief strengthened by the
fact that Mr. E. C. Trepplin has lately discovered documentary evidence of a
windmill having once stood somewhere close to the site of the Knighton
“barrow.” Both these mounds occupy sites favourable for windmills, and it is
most probable that they were originally thrown up for this purpose. The pottery
is a coarse ware, mostly unglazed, but with here and there pieces with the
greenish yellow glaze recognised as characteristic of Norman pottery. It is grey
in the inside, and either blackish grey, fawn-coloured, or reddish brown on the
outside. It is made of clay with a quantity of oolitic grains in it, and is burnt
harder than British pottery generally is. It includes, too, a considerable number
of fragments of large handles of vessels, ornamented with coarse herring-bone
and transverse lines cut deeply into the clay. Similar fragments, amongst which
these handles also occur, have been found in the vicarage garden and paddock at
Clyffe Pypard, and at Hilmarton. Possibly it may all have been made at the
Hunt’s Mill kiln. This was discovered two or three years ago, in a quarry
opened in the coral rag, for road material, close to Hunt’s Mill Farm, the spot
being alongside the Wootton Bassett and Lyneham Road, and within a very
short distance of the turning to Greenhill and Bushton. It consisted of a round
shaft about 10ft. in diameter, excavated in the rock, the sides of which were
much charred by fire. It has since been destroyed. Mr. W. F. Parsons, of
Hunt’s Mill Farm, writes :—‘The first idea I had that the pottery was made
here was when we opened the quarry in 1853 and found a lot of charred stones
and the bed of clay underneath the stone similar to that of which a quantity of
panshards were made which had been lying about on the side of the hill ever
since I could remember. At one time I had collected nearly forty different
patterns of rims of vessels, many of which must have been large.” Specimens
of this pottery from the kiln and the two mounds have been placed in the
Society’s Museum.
E. H. Goppagp.

ALDBOURNE TOKEN.

Mr. A. D. Passmore, of Swindon, has a specimen of a scarce token, found in ~

that neighbourhood, which reads as follows :—

FRANCIS STRONG=HIS HALFE PENY.
OF AWBORNE. 1669=A flower between the initials F.S.

The g at the end of Strong has apparently been injured in the die, and has
somewhat the appearance of an E, which doubtless accounts for the fact that
Dr. Williamson, in his edition of Boyne’s Tokens, gives an Aldbourne token as
reading FRANCIS STRONE. Probably this is the same token as the one mentioned

t
,
-

Notes, Archeological and Historical, 265

above, in which case sTRONE should be read strona, 1660 should be 1669, and
the “tree” should be more correctly described as a flower. See Wilts Arch.
May., vol. xxvi., p. 394. This token is stated by Williamson to be also claimed
by Lincolnshire, but there can be little doubt that it really belongs to the
Wiltshire Awborne, or Aldbourne.

E. H. Gopparp.

Spurs rounp at Matmespury ABBEY.

The pair of spurs, of which an illustration is here given, from a drawing by
Mr. T. Leslie, were found in 1894, during some alterations at the Bell Inn,
which stands close to the west end of Malmesbury Abbey. The house apparently
still retains walls which must have formed part of the abbey buildings, and in
digging for foundations a number of stone coffins were discovered, some of which
were removed. On the lid of one of these, which was left undisturbed, was a
small square stone box, containing these spurs. They are of a peculiar jointed
type, and are apparently of sixteenth century—probably ate sixteenth century
—date. They have been submitted to the authorities of the British Museum,
which possesses no specimen quite like them. They remain in the possession of
Mr. J. Moore, of the Bell Inn. The supposition that suggests itself is of course
that they belonged to the person buried in the stone coffin on the lid of which
they were found; but the difficulty is to understand how such a burial could
have taken place in that position in the last half of the sixteenth century.
Have any similar finds of spurs ever been recorded ?

E, C, TREPPLIN.

A Curious WILTSHIRE PAMPHLET.

The pamphlet from which an extract is given below was written by John
Watts, gardener to the Rev. John Knight, of Heytesbury. It is so singular
a production that it seems worthy of mention here.

“SetF Hep.”

Tur AvToBiogRAPHY OF Mr. JoHnn Warts, oF Heytespury, PRroressor
oF GARDENING AND Epucation. Price 6d. 1860. [Printed by Palmer,
of Warminster.] 7 pp.

The following is a specimen of its style :—“ daved Rose from a shepherd boy
to a king and I rose from a shepherd boy to garddener. I head now eduction
and if I make eney stake you must Exquese me. I do not now Eney thing
bout grammer, I now more bout my granfather. My granfather wher very
claver man. He meade villen (sic) out of old tailbord. I have herd pepel
seay the did reember befre the wher born—the did rember hering the kees rattle
in ther mothers pocket. I can not rember so long is theat, I can rember
hering my mother seay that I was such a monster the coud Put me in to
teapot. I never walk for 3 years, I walk at last From a goosbery tree to goosbery
tree to fiend wich was the best, and was black one.”

G. E. DaRtnett.

VOL. XXVIII.—NO. LXXXIV. U

a

266

Personal Aotices of Wliltshivemen.

Charles Thomas Mayo, died September 12th, 1895, aged 61. Buried at
Corsham. Mr. Mayo died whilst away from home in Switzerland. As a
resident in Corsham for the last twenty-five years he has taken a leading
part in all local matters. In politics he was a strong Liberal, and an earnest —
advocate of temperance. He had represented Corsham on the County
Council since 1888, and was an active member of most of the parochial and
local institutions and committees. So completely bad he identified himself
with the life of the place that his death will be felt as a severe loss throughout
the district. Obituary notice in Devizes Gazette, September 19th, 1895.

Rey. Herbert Frederick Crockett, died September 3rd, 1895, aged 67.
Educated at Rugby and Trinity College, Oxon. B.A., 1851. Curate of
Llandenny, Monmouthshire, 1852—54.; Codford St. Mary, 1854—62; Map-
powder, 1862—64 ; and Poulshot, 1864—1874; Rector of Upton Lovell, 1874
till his death. During his incumbency the Church was well restored at a
cost of £700. He was much esteemed in the parish and neighbourhood.
Obituary notices in Salisbury Journal; Guardian, September 11th;
Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, October, 1895.

James Dommett Bishop. Born July 19th, 1813, at Broken Cross, near
Calne. Died June 27th, 1895, aged 82. Buried at Trinity Churchyard,
Calne. Well known as a doctor in Calne from 1862, when he gave up a
London practice to return to his native town. A Liberal in politics and a
Nonconformist. He took a leading part in all local and municipal matters,
having been town councillor and alderman for thirty-four years, four times
‘mayor, and chairman of the local board for twenty years. Under a somewhat
brusque manner he carried a singularly kind heart, as many of his poorer
patients had good cause to know. His death will be felt as a great loss in
Calne. Notices in Devizes Gazette, June 27th, and July 4th, 1895.

John Gay Attwater. Died August 5th, 1895, aged 69. Born at Nunton,
1826, buried at Britford. He held a prominent position as an agriculturist,
more especially as a breeder of Shorthorns and cart horses, and as a judge of
cattle and sheep at agricultural shows. Amongst the tenant farmers of
Wilts few were more widely known and respected; and in Britford, where
he had occupied the Bridge Farm since 1865, and had acted as churchwarden
for many years, his loss is very deeply felt as that of a man of strong
character, strict integrity, and unassuming piety of life. Obituary notices
in Wilts County Mirror, August 9th; Salisbury Journal, August 10th ;
Mark Lane Express; and Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, September, 1895.

James Brown. Died September 3rd, 1895, aged 69, from the effects of an

accident. Much respected in Salisbury, and regretted by many throughout
the County of Wilts, as a keen and competent archeologist of singularly

Personal Notices of Wiltshiremen. 267

modest and unassuming character. He had formed a considerable collection
of flint implements, many of which he gave to the Blackmore Museum at
Salisbury ; and also of the weapons of existing savage races. Obituary
notice Wilts County Mirror, September 3rd, 1895.

Rev. Edward Everett. Died May 25th, 1895, Sixth son of Joseph Hague
Everett, of Biddesden, Wilts, formerly M.P. for Ludgershall. Educated at
Rugby and St. John’s College, Cambridge. B.A. 1839. Curate of Badby,
Northumberland, 1841—1847; Wilsford, Wilts, 1847—1857; Rector of
Manningford Abbotts, 1857—1895. Buried at Manningford Abbotts. During
his incumbency he re-built the chancel himself in 1862, and raised funds by
which the whole Church was almost re-built in 1863. Obituary notice
in Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, July, 1895.

Alexander Mackay, J.P. Second son of Mr. Donald Mackay, of Breamore,
Caithness, where he was born February 4th, 1838. Married Lucy, second
daughter of Mr. W. H. Tucker, of Frome, 1864. Died September 30th,
1895. Mr. Mackay came to Trowbridge from Scotland in 1861 to occupy
a position in Ashton Cloth Mills, then belonging to Messrs. Brown &
Palmer. On the retirement of Mr.—afterwards Sir—Roger Brown and the
death of Mr. Michael Palmer, Mr. Mackay became the partner of Mr. G. L.
Palmer, and eventually the whole business came into his hands. He for
some years occupied Holt Manor, but about a year ago removed to The
Grange, Trowbridge. To the end Mr. Mackay himself superintended every
detail of the great business which employs seven hundred hands in Trowbridge,
but, in spite of the exacting claims of his work, he found time to take a
leading part in almost every organisation having for its object the religious
or social welfare of the diocese and the county. He was emphatically not a
man of leisure, yet he found leisure to do what the majority of leisured men
‘have not time for.” As a devoted churchman his personal service, as well
as ample income, could always be counted upon in any need of the Church,
and his place will be hard indeed to fill in Wiltshire. In the wider field of
general charity, what he did was only known to himself. His name was
proverbial for generosity; and not only his own numerous employés, but
the whole town and district of Trowbridge, have felt his death as a loss that

is irreparable—the loss of a true friend of rich and poor alike. He was
much interested in archeological matters; acted as the Local Secretary of
our own Society at Trowbridge, and had formed a choice library of Wiltshire
books, which included Sir R. Colt Hoare’s own copy of Modern Wilts. In
artistic matters, too, his taste was excellent, and his collection of articles of
silver plate included many valuable specimens. Notice, with good process
portraits of Mr. and Mrs. Mackay, in “ The Celtic Monthly,’ October,
1894. Obituary notices in Devizes Gazette, October 3rd, 1895 ; Salisbury
Diocesan Gazette, November, 1895.

_ Rey. Edward Duke, of Lake House, J.P.,F.G.S. Eldest son of Rev. Edward
: Duke, the antiquary, and his wife, Harriet, daughter of Henry Hinxman, of
Ivy Church. Born at Ivy Church, December 6th, 1814. Educated at
Southampton and Exeter College, Oxford. B.A., 1836 ; M.A., 1858. Curate
of St. Edmund’s, Salisbury, 1839—1849 ; Wilsford, with Lake, 1872—1882,

vu 2

———_s--

268 Personal Notices of Wiltshiremen.

Vicar of Wilsford, with Lake, 1882—1893. Married, 1860, Jane Mervyn,
daughter of Sir W. Medlycott, Bart., of Ven, Somerset. Died October 11th,
1895, leaving four sons and five daughters. Buried at Wilsford. He was
keenly interested in archzology and geology, and in 1881 published
“ Beneath the Surface: or Physical Truths, especially Geological,
shown to be latent in many parts of the Holy Scriptures.” 8vo. 4s. 6d.
Hatchards. He was well known and much respected in the neighbourhood
of Salisbury. Obituary notices in Salisbury Journal, October 19th, 1895 ;
Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, November, 1895.

Alfred Waller, born at Calne, 1823 ; died at Devizes, November 18th, 1895.
Was probably the last of the old stage coach drivers. He drove “ The
Regulator” through Calne and Newbury until it ceased to run, then for a
time drove the coach between Calne and Chippenham, and in Jater years the
coaches run by Mr. Fuller and Capt. Spicer. Obituary notice, Devizes
Gazette, November 21st, 1895.

Portraits (photo process) of the following have appeared recently :—

The- Marquis of Lansdowne. Illustrated London News, July 13th;
New Budget, July 4th, 1895.

Sir Michael Hicks-Beach, M.P. Jilustrated London News, July
13th; New Budget, July 4th; Penny Illustrated Paper, September 7th,
1895 ; The New House of Commons, 1885.

Wek. Long, M.P. Tillustrated London News, July 13th, 1895,
Portrait and sketch of his career in “ The Country House” (Magazine),
October, 1895; The New House of Commons, 1895.

Capt. Chaloner, M.P. Illustrated London News, August 10th, 1895;
The New House of Commons, 1895.

HE. A. Goulding, M.P. Illustrated London News, August 10th, 1895.

Lord Methuen. Windsor Magazine, April, 1895 (article on “Swords of
Modern Warriors’’).

Miss Elspeth Philipps, daughter of Canon Sir J. E. Philipps, Vicar of
Warminster, Ist Class Mod. Hist., Oxford. The Lady. . August 22nd, 1895.

Marchioness of Worcester (Baroness Carlode Tuyll). Zhe Lady, October
10th, 1895.

Capt. James Mackay, F.S.A., 1st Wilts Volunteers. Good portraits and
notice in The Celtic Monthly, August, 1894.

Viscount Folkestone, M.P. Zhe New House of Commons, 1895.

Alfred Hopkinson, M.P. The New House of Commons, 1895.

269

GHiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

Stonehenge and its Earthworks, with Plans and Illustrations by

Edgar Barclay, R.P.H. Cr. 4to. London, 1895. Price to subsoribets,
10s. 6d.

Of books dealing with the problem of Stonehenge there is no end. The
author of the newest “Bolt shot at Stonage” says in his preface that his
“book undertakes to give a sufficing account of Stonehenge, and to be as well
a book of reference to the literature of the subject which, excepting small
handbooks, is inaccessible to the general public.” The author is an artist of
no mean capacity, and he gives us many very charming views of Harvest at
Stonehenge, Amesbury Church, and so on, reproduced from pictures of his own,
which, if they do not directly illustrate the subject in hand, at least help to
embellish a book which, lavishly illustrated as it is with plans, diagrams, and
reproductions of old engravings * and modern drawings, has on the face of it,
with its excellent paper and print, and sumptuous margins, a very prepossessing
appearance. But the author is also a mathematician, and the fascination of
figures is upon him, and by an extremely elaborate series of measurements and
calculations he proceeds to build up, step by step, an argument which, to his
own satisfaction, not only accounts for the position of every stone in the
structure, but fixes the date of its construction within very narrow limits. In
his view every portion of the structure is symbolical, and the key to its solution
is found in the fact that the whole of the salient measurements of every part
of it, sarsen and blue stone alike, are deducible from the proportions of a base
triangle, which are themselves due to an observation of the sun. The agreement
of every portion more or less nearly in these measurements proves, in his view,
that the whole was erected at the same time. The horseshoe is the crescent of
the moon, and the circle the disc of the full moon. The thirty piers of the
outer circle are the thirty days of the lunar month. The shadow of the sun
stone pointing at the summer solstice between the horns of the horseshoe or
crescent typifies the marriage of the earth with the sun. The blue stone circle,
—which he holds is nearly complete as it stands—typifies by its pair's of stones
the planetary deities with whose memory the seven days of the week ate
connected, and thus fixes the date of their erection as later than the conquest
of Egypt by Rome, because the week of seven days was only then introduced
into Western Europe. Again, starting from the assumption that the opening
of the central trilithon, towards which the sun points over the Friar’s’ Heel, or
“Sun Stone,” at Midsummer, argues the existence of a great Midsummer
festival, he satisfies himself that the other four trilithons also point to’ great
festivals and settles their dates on the 1st of May, the end of August, the end

* An interesting copy is given of a drawing from a MS. in the British: Museum,

proving that the fall of the fifth trilithon took place before 1574,

270 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

of October, and the beginning of March. The reason why the building stands
where it does he finds explained by certain measurements taken from the
neighbouring barrow, “No. 23.” This he concludes is the burying-place of
some family connected with the erection of the temple, and from it both the
temple and the “cursus” were laid out. The barrows he concludes were
already on the ground before the stones were erected. In consequence of their
presence the large number of strangers who assembled at the great festivals,
and who could not have been accommodated in the neighbouring British
villages, were prevented from camping out on the down, so a “ Fair Field,” or
camping ground, was specially prepared for their accommodation and enclosed
within earthen banks. This is now known as “the Cursus.” Stukeley
mentions that even in his time the eastern bank was much defaced and trampled
down—doubtless, says Mr. Barclay—by the horses of the strangers encamped
in the cursus, who would go out on that side to the river to water. Again,
adopting Stukeley’s idea that the “avenues” were the roads by which
processions approached the temple, he argues that the functionaries who
officiated at these festivals could not have lived in such a desolate spot, and
suggests that Vespasian’s Camp may have been the ancient high place and
holy place of the Britons of those parts, where they resided, and from which
they set out in procession by the “long avenue,” to be joined as soon as they
came in sight by the strangers encamped in the “ cursus” adjoining, along
their own “cursus avenue.” One of the principal points upon which he insists
is that the short pier of the outer circle—No. 11—was intentionally different
from the other piers, and that it never had, or was intended to have, any lintel
upon it—in fact that it marks a break in the lintel circle, and was probably the
entrance to the temple. This, he points out, cuts away the ground upon which
the astronomical theories of Higgins and others are based, for their arguments
are founded on the assumption that the outer circle consisted originally of sixty
stones, whereas if No. 11 had no lintel there would have been only fifty-eight
stones. Indeed, throughout the book he has a very keen eye for the weak
points in the theories of previous writers—particularly in those which, like his
own, are based on elaborate mathematical calculations—but the weak points in
his own argument do not appear to strike him so forcibly.

He devotes a considerable amount of space to the description of the attributes
of the chief Celtic gods mentioned by Julius Cesar as identical with analogous
Roman deities, and then sets to work to connect each of them with an appro-
priate season of the year—Spring, May Day, Midsummer, Harvest, and
November. Having done this, he collects a number of references to May Day
customs, Midsummer fires, &c., and concludes that this mass of ingeniously
assorted evidence proves that the five trilithons were specially consecrated to the
five gods whose festivals he maintains were held at these five special seasons,
in the temple at Stonehenge.

The author has evidently devoted an immense amount of time and labour
to the personal investigation and measurement of Stonehenge itself, and to
the literature of the subject, of which he gives a useful summary in chrono-
logical order; but on one point at least he has not possessed himself of the
latest information on the subject. He affirms that the “foreign stones” can
have come from no part of Great Britain, and thinks Brittany the most likely

Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 271

place of origin for them; not being aware, apparently, of the important
discoveries of Mr. Teall, lately printed in this Magazine, showing that all
these rocks may well have come from North Devon.

The general conclusion to which he comes is that the structure dates from
the Roman period, in fact that it is one of the temples which Agricola
(A.D. 79) is said to have encouraged the Britons to build—and that the
fact that Agricola himself had studied at Massilia accounts for the employment
of a Greek unit of measurement in setting out the building. By a most
ingenious turning inside-out of the traditional story of Ambrosius and Merlin
he finds confirmation for his theory even in this—for he suggests that the
truth of the story is that Ambrosius and Merlin set to work, not to build
but to take down the already-existing structure, in order to transport the
stones to Ambresbury to make a monument for the British chiefs slain there
—and that they did actually remove the five piers and twenty lintels which
are now missing from the structure!

Altogether the argument, ingenious as it is, can hardly be said to be con-
vincing, or to bring us much nearer to the solution of the Stonehenge
problem, The weak point in the book is the almost total absence of references
to the megalithic structures of other countries, such as India and Arabia
which are largely analogous in their nature. If the riddle of Stonehenge is
ever to be solved, it will not be by even the closest examination of that
structure alone, but rather by a wide and comparative study of those circles
and remains which most nearly resemble it in all parts of the world.

Favourable notices have appeared in The Antiquary, vol. xxxi., p. 319,
Oct.; Wotes and Queries, Aug. 31st; Salisbury Journal, Aug. 17th.

The People’s Stonehenge, with Illustrations, by J. J. Cole, F.R.A.S,

John Doney, High Street, Sutton, Surrey. Pamphlet. Post 8vo. N.D.[1895].
Price 6d. pp. 16.

This latest contribution to Stonehenge literature professes apparently (for
it has no preface or introduction) simply to give an account of the structure
as it is. It consists of ten process illustrations, from photographs, of the
stones, and a couple of plans, with a few short explanatory notes to each.
The author has his own.ideas, and states them for the edification of “The
People” freely. They have the merit, at least, of being many of them
original. The space between the vallum and the outer circle was “ probably
once occupied by the dwellings for the serving priests; as in ‘the
Close’ round a Cathedral.” The stones of the outer circle are “from
Marlborough Downs, conveyed chiefly on rafts by the Avon. Some stones
on their way fell into the river.” ‘‘The Offering or Slaughtering Stone
was not for the slaughter of human beings, but of animals for the sacrifice
and for the serving priests of the temple, for priests must live—around it
is a trench to receive the blood and the water from washing the animals.
Across one corner is a row of holes to take the metal supports of the grating
for burning or roasting them.” The holes in the blue stone impost are
“two bowls for water,’ analogous to holy water stoups at the entrance of
Christian Churches. “The two bowls at Stonehenge seem to imply a
separation of sexes—we hope not.’’! The groove in one of the blue stone

272 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

obelisks is for holding a flag-staff, to signal some special point in the service,
analogous to the sounding of the sanctus bell at the elevation of the host.
The illustrations—apparently reduced from larger photographs—are good;
but jt is to be regretted that such purely fanciful analogies should be
presented as facts for the enlightenment of “the people” in the last decade
of the nineteenth century.

Stonehenge and Abury are mentioned and illustrated in “The Story of
Primitive Man,” by Ed. Clodd. 16mo. London. 1895. Price, 1s.

This extremely useful and suggestive little book contains in short space
and in very readable form a vast amount of information as to the remains
of primitive man, and the habits and customs of savage people who are
living under conditions analogous to those of Neolithic times at the present
day. The author regards Stonehenge as sepulchral in origin, —“ recurring to the
unquestioned relation of the dwelling of the living to the tomb of the dead,
we may see in the surrounding earthwork the village rampart ; in the avenue

the underground gallery leading to the pit-dwellings ; and in the
circles the enlargement of the ring of stones which surrounded or supported
the beehive-like hut.” The author’s views are the more entitled to respect in
that he evidently writes from a mind stored with varied lore, and more
especially is widely learned in the ideas and customs of primitive peoples of
the present day and in the survival of such customs amongst peoples who have
long passed into the civilised state. He is, however, rather apt to state as facts
things which seem to most people still debateable, and without apology or
explanation he uses the term “cromlech” as applying exclusively to stone
circles—Stonehenge and Abury being cromlechs with him, This is, to say the
least of it, confusing.

Senams or Megalithic Temples of Tarhuna, Tripoli, is the subject of
an extremely interesting note in The Antiquary for Nov., 1895, which
copies from the Kast Anglian Daily Times for Sept. 14th. Mr. Cowper
seems to have visited and photographed nearly sixty sites at which these
singular structures exist, which were practically unknown before. They
consist of large rectangular enclosures of excellent masonry, always associated
with and generally enclosing large megalithic structures resembling the
Stonehenge trilithons, except that the jambs are often formed of two or three
stones instead of one. These “Senams”’ rest on footing stones, and vary from
6ft. to 15ft. in height—the average width between the jambs being only 163in.
Roman work is mixed up with these megalithic structures, showing that the
Romans occupied and utilised the sites. It is suggested that these “ Senams,”’
which seem to have stood free in their enclosures as a rule, and in front of
some of which stone altars were found, were symbolical effigies akin to the
“ Asherah” so often alluded to in the Old Testament—probably the symbol
of the goddess of fertility.

Thoughts from the Writings of Richard Jefferies, selected by H.

8. H. Waylen. Red-lettering. 16mo. pp. vii., 127. London: Longmans,

Green, & Co. 1895.
This daintily got-up little volume will be welcomed by all lovers of Jefferies. |

Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 273

Type, paper, and binding alike reflect high credit upon the publishers, while
the compiler’s share of the work is no less well done. The selections are en-
lirely from the Story of My Heart and the five or six other volumes which
are comprised in the “ Life of the Fields” cycle, nothing published earlier than
1883 being included. They are, however, made with much judgment, and
form a fairly representative anthology, as the earlier works are in a style which
would afford few passages suitable for such a collection of “‘ Thoughts ” as this.

The book has been favourably noticed in Saturday Review, 3rd Aug. ;
Notes and Queries, 21st Sept., 1895; and other papers.

The Old Manor-House, South Wraxall. Pamphlet. 8vo. Bath. 1893.
Price 1s. (By Walter Chitty, F.S.Sc.) This is intended as a popular
description of the house, with notes on the Longs of Wraxall and Draycot,
and a long notice of the present owner—Mr. W. H. Long, M.P.—is reprinted
from the Country Gentleman. An election poem—“ Ye Grande Political
Songe”; and “The Pedigree of Walter Hume Long, Esq., M.P., done in
poetry "—twenty-eight stanzas of very indifferent doggrel—complete the
pamphlet.

The Duke of Edinburgh’s Wiltshire Regiment. A little pamphlet
giving an outline of the history of this distinguished regiment has been printed
for H.M. Stationery Office by Messrs. Harrison & Sons. Its object is stated
to be “ to interest the inhabitants of this county in the corps which represents
their share in the defence of the Empire.”

Report of the Marlborough College Natural History Society for
the year ending Christmas, 1894.

This report, though it contains nothing of very special interest, is a record
of steady and excellent work in many branches of natural history done by the
vigorous society of which it is the organ. The number of school members in,
the three terms with which it deals were, one hundred and seventy-one, two
hundred and fifteen, and one hundred and sixty-nine respectively, in addition
to thirty-one life members and forty-seven annual subscribers.

The report of the botanical and entomological sections show that three
hundred and sixty-seven species of flowers were found, including gvasses, in
1894, and the list of local Jepidoptera has now reached a total of one thousand
and twenty-three species. This excellent entomological work, carried on under
Mr. Meyrick’s guidance, is the more important inasmuch as it is the only work
of the kind of any importance that is being done at the present time in the
county. s

A series of careful meteorological observations, together with the anthropo-
metrical report of the height, weight, chest measurement, and drawing power
of the members of the school are carefully tabulated. Perhaps the most in-
teresting part of the report is the “ Handbook to the Museum”—not a
catalogue, but a really useful, short, pithy, accurate, and yet quite intelligible
and readable compendium of natural history, by way of an introduction to the
study of the excellent museum, a process plate of which forms the frontispiece.

274 Wiltshire Books, Pamphiets, and Articles.
Wiltshire Notes and Queries, No. 10, June, 1895.

The number opens with a note on ‘‘an old mill at Purton,” with a sketch of
Newman’s Mill, formerly the Ridgeway Mill, which the writer argues is the
original Purton Mill, though no part of the present building is older than
Elizabeth’s time. The calendar of Wilts wills, and the extracts from the
Gentleman's Magazine are continued. A note by Mr. A. Schomberg on
members of the Blake family, with a sketch of arms formerly on a hatchment
in Seend Church, follows.——~Notes on the Life of William Fry, of Ashgrove,
near Tollard Royal, a Quaker born 1622, who it seems was not related to Mrs.
Elizabeth Fry, the philanthropist, as asserted in Modern Wilts. Queen
Elizabeth’s progress in Wilts and Gloucestershire in 1592, when she visited
Ramsbury, Burderop, and Lydiard Tregoze, and the town of “ Cisseter” gave
her a “ fayre cuppe of double gilte worth xx £’»———with a few shorter notes,
queries, and answers, complete the number.

Ditto, No. 11, Sept., 1895.

This number is embellished with two good plates, from pen-and-ink drawings,
of an old cottage at Purton and the Manor-house at Biddeston. Mr. Elyard
continues his “ Annals of Purton,” tracing the subdivision of the original lay
manor of the “de Periton ” family into a number of smaller estates—among
the co-heirs—each of which was regarded as a separate manor. “ Wiltshire
Wills” and “ Extracts from the Gentleman’s Magazine” are continued ; and
under the heading of “ Records of Wiltshire Parishes” a very useful abstract
of the chief ancient MS. authorities for the history of the Parish of Cholderton
is given.—An account at some length of the meeting of the Wilts Archzo-
logical Society at Corsham, and an article on “Sherrington,” comparing it
with Bethlehem and giving as little information about the place as may be in
five pages, follow; and the number ends with a number of queries and replies,
of which, perhaps, the most interesting is the evidence for the identification of
Addison’s Sir Roger de Coverley with Richard Duke, of Lake House.

The Corporation Plate and Insignia of Office of the Cities and Towns
of England and Wales, by the late Llewellyn Jewitt, F.S.A.,
edited and completed with large additions, by W. H. St. John
Hope, M.A. Bemrose & Sons. London. 1895. Two vols. cr. dto.
Price three guineas.

This book, which is really of national importance, treats of a class of objects
of which, up to the present time there has been no means of gaining any
accurate information—except in a few cases from papers here and there in
archeological periodicals. Its aim is to describe fully every object of any
interest belonging to the corporations of the kingdom, and Mr. Hope’s name
is a guarantee of accuracy and completeness, so far as they are possible in
dealing with such a vast amount of material. The illustrations are numerous,
but, as is perhaps inevitable, of unequal merit, and the paper is hardly so good
as one would willingly have seen it in so monumental a book. So far as
Wiltshire is concerned almost the whole of the matter, and all the illustrations,
have already appeared in this Magazine, in the paper by the Rev. E. H.
Goddard on the “Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wilts,” vol. xxviii., p. 28.

Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 275

Salisbury Cathedral. A Sacred Poem by a Salisbury Curate [Rev.
8. J. Buchanan]. Cr. 8vo. Salisbury. 1895. This isa pamphlet of 14pp.
of verse in praise of the Cathedral and its spire as a witness and monument of
the Christian faith.

Sermon preached in the Parish Church at Britford—on the occasion
of the death of John Gay Attwater—by the Rey. A. P. Morres.
A cr. 8vo pamphlet of 14 pp. Salisbury. 1895.

The Wilts Visitation of 1565 is continued in the July number of The
Genealogist from Bulkeley of Whiteparish, to Eyre of New Sarum.

Downton. Notes on the First Parish Register Book, by Rev. J.
K. Floyer. Salisbury Journal, Aug. 10th, 1895. The register books begin
in 1599, and contain some interesting entries of the Raleigh family, of the
deaths from the plague, &c. The writer does not confine himself to the register,
however, but discourses on divers other points where the history of Downton in
any way touches the general history of the times in the seventeenth century.

Alderbury. The Green Dragon Inn. Black and White, Aug. 17th,
1895, has a short article on “ Dickens’ Blue Dragon,” with three illustrations
— Present Aspect of the Blue Dragon,” ‘“‘Mantelpiece in the Inn,” and “ St.
Mary’s Grange, where Dickens lived.’ Dickens, in the last, is evidently a
misprint for Pecksniff.

Sons of Fire. A story by Miss Braddon now running in the Wiltshire
County Mirror has its scene laid at “ Matcham lying in a hollow of the hills
between Salisbury and Andover,” but its “local colouring” is of the very
faintest.

Interviews with the Immortals, or Dickens up to Date, by Ananias
Greene [J. L. Veitch]. Salisbury and London. 1895. Price 1s.
Noticed in Salisbury Journal, July 13th, 1895. A somewhat elaborate
political squib, in which several of Dickens’ characters express their opinion on
the politics of the present day. It is written from the Unionist point of view.

A Toy Tragedy, by Mrs. H. de la Pasture (of Malmesbury), has been pro-
duced in raised letters for the blind in “ Play-time,” issued by the British
and Foreign Blind Association.

Bromham Church, Wilts, and Thomas Moore. A short descriptive
notice in Church Bells, Sept. 27th, 1895, with a photo-process south-east
view of the Church and a woodcut portrait of Thomas Moore.

The Guardian of Stonehenge. A short paper of a couple of pages in the
English Illustrated Magazine, Nov., 1895, by Alice Williamson, describing
an interview with Mr. Judd, the attendant at Stonehenge, with a good full-
page process view of the stones.

The Golf Links on Salisbury Race Plain are described, with four sketches,
in the Daily Graphic, Oct., 1895.

276 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

“The Shepherd’s Care on Salisbury Plain: the Lambing Pen” ;
by Gideon Fidler, illustrated by the Author. In Good Words for
Nov., 1895, pp. 741—747. TIllustrations:—“Wind and Sun on Salisbury
Plain ” (full-page), and, in the text, “ Going to the Dew-pond,” “ At the Dew-
pond,” “ Hay time,” “ Beginning to pick for themselves,”’ “ Method of fastening
a dead Jamb’s skin to a live one,” The letterpress is a practical account of a
shepherd’s work on the Plain, and the drawings of sheep are really true to life,
though it is hard to agree with the author when he speaks of the “ Hampshire
Down” as “ this most beautiful breed of sheep.”

Seymours of Wolfhall. In the October No. of the Genealogist (vol. xii.,
pt. 2, New Series), Mr. Vincent has an interesting article on ‘“ A Bristol
ancestor of the Dukes of Somerset.’”’ His name was Mark William, not
MacWilliams, a merchant and burgess of Bristol, and sometime mayor; his
daughter Isabel married Sir John Seymour in 1424, and survived her husband
many years; in 1455 she took a vow of perpetual chastity in the collegiate
Church of Westbury-on-Trym, dying in 1485 ; her heir was found to be her
grandson, John Seymour, of Wolfhall, who at the time of her death was aged
34; his father and mother both pre-deceased his grandmother, the father, John
Seymour, of Wolfhall, dying 29th September, 1463, the mother, Elizabeth,
19th April, 1472. She was possessed in fee of divers messuages, cottages, and
gardens in the town and suburbs of Bristol, and held in dower, or by joint
feoffment with her late husband, various lands in Cos. Southampton, Wilts,
Hereford, and Somerset. (I.P.M.19 Edw. IV., No. 38.)

The Wilts Visitation, 1565, from Ferris of Ashton Keynes, to Long of
Ashley, in Box, is continued in the same number of the Genealogist.

Sharington, of Lacock. In the same number is a pedigree of Stapilton, of
Wighill, giving the marriage of Sir Robert with Olive, daughter and coheiress
of Sir Henry Sharington, of Lacock, one of whose sons (Robert) was presented
to the Rectory of Lacock by his mother in 1616; her daughter, Ursula (bap-
tised at Chelsea 10th July, 1587), married Sir Robert Baynard, of Lackham,

Fiddington House Asylum, Market Lavington. A short notice of
this establishment, founded in 1816, occurs in Devizes Gazette, Nov. 14th,
1895.

The Saxon Saucer-shaped Fibulee found at Basset Down, which have
been already described in this Magazine, are the subject of a note by the
Rev. E. H. Goddard in The Antiquary, Nov., 1895.

Pewhill House, near Chippenham. The design, by Mr. T. B. Silcocks,
for Miss Dixon’s house, which was exhibited at the Royal Academy this year,
is reproduced in the Building News, November.

Wardour Castle. Photo-process view in Illustrated London News, Nov
9th, 1895.

277

Additions to Aluseum and Aibrarp.

THE MUSEUM.

Presented by Mr. T. Lestiz: Specimens of Norman pottery, from Wootton

Purchased :

Bassett.

Rev. C. V. Gopparp: Specimens of local Roman pottery, from
Dorchester—for comparison.

Rev. E. C. Awpry: Ancient key, horseshoe, and halberd-head,
found at Kington St. Michael.

Mz. Batziarp: Three coins. ‘

Me. C. W. Cunnineton: Fragments of pottery (Romano-
British P), from dwelling-pit on Oldbury Hill. This pottery
is unlike anything else in the museum. It is coloured red on
the outside with some pigment (?), and the ornament is roughly
scratched through the red colouring.

Also a flint pebble which has been used as a hammer or
strike-a-light, from the same dwelling-pit.

Mrs. Brown: Lark glass. This object being placed on a stick
in a field is made to revolve on a sunny day by means of
strings pulled from a distance ; the larks are attracted by the
flashing of the mirrors, hover round it, and are shot.

Five plain armlets of square and rounded bronze, found near
Lake—from Mr. Duke’s collection.

Flat bronze armlet, the outer surface deeply channelled—from Mr.
Duke’s collection. (It has been much cleaned and repaired.)
Found near Lake. (Cf Evans’ Bronze Implements, p. 385.)

A collection of Palzolithic flint implements from the river gravels
of Salisbury, collected by the late Mr. C. J. Read.

THE LIBRARY.

Presented by Lorp ARUNDEL oF Warpovur: the Karly Genealogical History

of the House of Arundel, &c., by F. P. Yeatman.

THe Autor: The Old Manor-house at South Wraxall, by W.
Chitty.

Mr. W. Cunnineton, F.G.S.: MS. List of the Heytesbury
Collection of Wiltshire Antiquities, belonging to Mr. W.
Cunnington, F.S.A.—Address to Inhabitants of Wilts on
French Invasion.—Framed water-colour copy of a drawing
of Devizes Market Place in 1804.-——Beneath the Surface, by
E. Duke.——Old newspapers, &c.

278

Presented by Rev. Canon Bennett: Twelve Wiltshire pamphlets.

”

Purchased ;

Adiitions to Museum and Library.

Mr. G. E. Darrneti: Five Wiltshire pamphlets, newspaper
cuttings, and election literature.

Rev. C. V. Gopparp: H. Browne's Illustrations of Stoneheng,
and Abury. Six drawings of Wiltshire fonts.

Mz. H. N. Gopparp: Four Wiltshire prints.

Rev. G. P. Torrin: Election literature.

Tue AvurHor: Stonehenge and its Earthworks, by Edgar Barclay,
R.P.E. 1895.

Tue AvurHor: The People’s Stonehenge, by J. J. Cole. 1895.

Mr. H. E. Mepuicorr: Election literature.

Mr. W. H. Betz: Election literature, &e.

Mr. J. Watcor: Works by Rev. J. Norris, of Bemerton;
Practical Discourses. —Collection of Miscellanies. Practical |
Treatise concerning Humility.——Two Treatises concerning the
Divine Light——Life and Letters of Rev. John Harrington
Evans.

Tuz AvtHor: A Handbook of British Lepidoptera, by Edward
Meyrick, F.Z.S., F.E.S.

Dr. Warten: Translation of Thucydides, by T. Hobbes, of
Malmesbury.

A large collection of Wiltshire drawings and prints, from Messrs.
Brown, of Salisbury.

A number of Wilts Portraits, M.S. List of Place Names, &c., from
the Library of the late Canon Jackson.

13 MAR.97

HURRY & PEARSON, Printers and Publishers, Devizes,

13 MAR.97

OF THE

SUB-COMMITTEE

ON A

PHOTOGRAPHIC SURVEY

OF

ENGLAND AND WALES.

PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE CONGRESS OF
ARCHAOLOGICAL SOCIETIES IN UNION WITH THE
SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES.

1895

CONGRESS OF ARCHAOLOGICAL SOCIETIES,

1894.

Report of the Sub-Committee on the
Photographic Survey of England and
Wales.

The Sub-Committee has considered the subject referred to it by
the Congress, as to the best method of promoting a general Photographic
Record of the Country on the lines adopted by the Society for the
Photographic Survey of the County of Warwick.

The Sub-Committee is of opinion that the establishment of such a
general Photographic Record of all works of antiquity is of the
highest importance, and that the Societies in Union should use their
best efforts to establish, for their particular counties, associations on
the basis of that so successfully initiated by the Warwickshire Society,
and followed by the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland.

It may be expected that Societies organized on these lines, besides
being of the greatest value to antiquaries, will be readily supported by
the many interested in photography, who will be glad to feel that their
efforts are incorporated and preserved for ever in what will eventually
become a national collection. A more intelligent interest will be
created in what is often at present a desultory and useless amusement,
and the Archeological Societies will doubtless be strengthened by the
addition of many intelligent members.

The following Regulations are suggested for adoption :—

1. That all photographs be as large as possible, whole
plate being preferred, but in no case less than + plate.

2. That they be printed in permanent process.

3. That while artistic effect is a valuable addition to a
picture, it should not be achieved at the sacrifice of the work
illustrated, but the point of view should be chosen to show as
clearly as possible the details of the subject.

This is especially important in the case of tombs, effigies, and various
architectural details, where it will often be impossible to combine
picturesque effect and valuable record. While, therefore, it will be
necessary to keep up a certain standard of artistic skill, plates should be
preferred which clearly show architectural or other facts that can only be
adequately recorded by the deliberate sacrifice of picturesque effect,

4

4, That some arrangement should be made to supply a
scale in all illustrations, since without this many are practically
valueless.

Particulars of size can be added in the accompanying description, but
it is far better that an actual scale should be given by the inclusion’in the
picture of a graduated staff or a 3 ft. rod or walking stick, which may
generally be unobtrusively introduced. In a series of photographs of
Roman masonry now in preparation for the Society of Antiquaries a
graduated scale,* marked clearly with English and French measures, is in
all cases included. The scale must, of course, be placed in the same plane
as the object to be photographed.

The Congress most strongly reeommends the adoption of the double
scale, which will render the photographs of European value, and materially
assist English scholars in the work of comparison.

5. That a description in all cases accompany the photo-
graph, giving the size, general condition, and as many particulars
as possible of the object illustrated.

6. That all particulars as to history, date, etc., be carefully
edited by competent authorities, as otherwise much false and
often ridiculous information may be spread and perpetuated.

7. That the copies of the photographs for the collection
be mounted by the curator on stout cards, uniform with those of
the Warwickshire Survey, and the descriptive particulars legibly
written or printed on the back, and the title on the front.

The plan adopted in Warwickshire of selecting a Hundred for the
work of each year, and committing one square of the 6-inch Ordnance
Map to individual or associated workers, provides for a systematic and
exhaustive record that will be much more valuable than desultory or
haphazard contributions. The jealousies that might arise in the selection
of examples of prominent interest will also be avoided.

Where a county is divided amongst several Photographic Societies,
the number of localities to be illustrated can be increased accordingly.

The following Rules are copied from those of the Warwickshire
Survey Section of the Birmingham Photographic Society :

“‘ That the 6-inch Ordnance Map be adopted as the basis of the
Survey.

“ That the work be conducted, as far as may be convenient, on the
lines of the Hundreds.

* Printed copies of this scale (Price 6d., post free, or 5s. per dozen), can be
obtained on application to the Assistant-Secretary of the Society of Antiquaries,
Burlington House, London, W.

a

esa

5

“That in order to systematise the work it is desirable that members
shall confine their work, as far as possible, to the Hundred selected
for the ensuing year.

“That each square of the Ordnance Map (containing, roughly, six
square miles) shall be considered a distinct field for work, and that any
member may have allotted to him such square as he may select, unless
such square has been previously allotted.”

Another and perhaps better way, which has been adopted by the
Guildford Society, is to divide the 6-inch Ordnance Map into distinct
blocks, with natural boundaries, and to furnish the members to whom
a block is allotted with a corresponding plan cut from the 1-inch
Ordnance Map, and mounted on card.

To facilitate access to objects to be illustrated, cards of introduction
should be provided, and issued to those who undertake work. It is
suggested that the cards be made to run for one year only, and be not
re-issued except to those who are doing satisfactory work.

It is desirable that a Committee should prepare a schedule of the
principal objects of which it is desired to obtain records, but such a list
should not be regarded as in any way exhaustive, and may be supple-
mented by individual observation.

The photographing of portraits, already begun by the Warwickshire
Society, is also of great value where it can be effected.

Besides objects of archzological interest, photographs should be
welcomed that give types of natives and groups of school children.
These will be of the highest value to ethnological students. The
ethnological photographs should, if possible, be taken in accordance
with the directions laid down by Mr. Francis Galton. These may be
obtained from the British Association, at Burlington House.

Photographs of objects of natural history, and of landscapes or
geological features, should be encouraged and accepted, as they may
be ultimately gathered into a separate collection.

Many of the County Societies are for the study of natural history
as well as of archeology, and where this is not the case proper
custodians can eventually be found for the various collections.

It is desirable, to avoid risk of loss by fire, that at least three
sets of Prints should be preserved by way of record: one by the County
Society ; asecond by the British Museum; and a third, of archeological
plates, by the Society of Antiquaries. The third prints from those
plates which illustrate science might be deposited with the societies
representing the various subjects, such as the Anthropological Institute
or the Geological and Linnzean Societies.

6

It is thought that, pending the general adoption of County
Museums, the various County Archeological Societies would be the best
custodians of the collections; but it will probably be more acceptable
to those who photograph that it should be clearly understood that
the custody is temporary and may be withdrawn at any time.

It will constantly be the case that photographs of a neigh-
bourhood will be taken by strangers, but it is thought that the general
adoption throughout England of such a scheme as that proposed will
be sufficiently widely known to induce such photographers to com-
municate their work to the various centres, although they may not be
personally interested in such centres.

The Sub-Committee suggests that the various Archeological
Societies should take the initiative in founding local associations for the
preparation of the Photographic Record.

These associations should have their own executive, and the
Ccunty Society should suggest the names of certain competent arche-
ologists to serve on the councils. Where Photographic Societies
already exist, efforts should be directed to bringing these into union and
supplying the necessary information.

Sir J. B. Stone, who had so much to do with initiating the
Birmingham scheme, strongly urges that a national society should be
formed for the purpose of promoting the Photographic Record, and the
Committee are of opinion that a strong central body would be of the
greatest service, and they recommend the Congress to do their best to
assist such a scheme, should it be put forward under good auspices.

The Sub-Committee wishes to point out that it is not necessary
and, perhaps, not altogether desirable, that the County Archeological
Societies should add to their work, already arduous enough, this
of the Photographic Record.

It will be sufficient that they should promote local Photographic
Societies, form a medium of union, and supply skilled advice on the
subject of archeology.

RALPH NEVILL,
GEORGE E. FOX,
W. H. ST. JOHN HOPE.

HARRISON AND SONS,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HER MAJESTY,
ST. MARTINS LANF.

Forms of Schedule prepared by a Committee of the British Association
for the Advancement of Science, appointed to Organise an EHthno-
graphical Survey of the United Kingdom.

MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE.

Francis Galton, F.R.S., J. G. Garson, M.D., and E. W. Brabrook,
F.S.A. (Chairman), representing the Anthropological Institute.

Edward Clodd, G. L. Gomme, F.S.A., and Joseph Jacobs, M.A., re-
_ presenting the Folklore Society.
{ G. W. G. Leveson Gower, V.P.S.A., George Payne, F.S.A., and
General Pitt-Rivers, F.R.S., representing ‘the Society of Antiquaries of
London.

Sir C. M. Kennedy, C.B., K.C.M.G., and E. G. Ravenstein, repre-

senting the Royal Statistical Society.

__ A Member representing the Dialect Society.

Dr. J. Beddoe, F.R.S.; Arthur J. Evans, F.S.A.; Sir H. H. Howorth,
F.R.S. ; Professor R. Meldola, F.R.S.

John Rhys, M.A., Jesus Professor of Celtic in the University of
_ Oxford, and also Professor Boyd Dawkins, F.R.S., E. 8. Hartland, F.S.A.,
Edward Laws, the Ven. Archdeacon Thomas, F.S.A., S. W. Williams,
F.S.A., and J. Romilly Allen, F.S.A. Scot. (Secretary), representing the
Cambrian Archeological Society, and forming a Sub-Committee for Wales.
Joseph Anderson, LL.D., Secretary of the Society of Antiquaries of
Scotland.

Professor D. J. Cunningham, F.R.S., C. R. Browne, M.D., and Pro-
fessor A. C. Haddon, M.A., representing the Royal Irish Academy, and

‘forming a Sub-Committee for Ireland (Prof. Haddon, Secretary).

___E. Sidney Hartland, F.S.A., Secretary.

%

_ This Committee has already made two preliminary reports to the
Association, in which the names of 367 villages or places in various parts
of the United Kingdom have been indicated as especially to deserve
ethnographic study. The list, large as it is, is not exhaustive. For
these and such other villages ‘and places as may appear to be suitable,
the Committee propose to record—

; (1) Physical types of the inhabitants ;

(2) Current traditions and beliefs ;

(3) Peculiarities of dialect ;

(4) Monuments and other remains of ancient culture; and

(5) Historical evidence as to continuity of race.

_ »*, All communications should be addressed to ‘Tae Srcrerary oF
THE * HraNoGRaPHIC Survey, British Association, Burlington Honse,
Le On don, W. ts

A

2

The most generally convenient method of organising a simultaneous
inquiry under these five heads appears to be the appointment of a sub-
committee in each place, one or more members of which would be prepared
to undertake each head of the inquiry. For the ancient remains advan-
tage should be taken of the work of the Archeological Survey where it
is in operation. The general plan of the Committee is discussed in an
article, On the Organisation of local Anthropological Research, in the
‘ Journal of the Anthropological Institute’ of February 1893.

For the use of inquirers copies on foolscap paper of the Forms of
Schedule have been prepared, giving a separate page or pages of foolscap
for each head of the inquiries, on which are the questions and hints pre-
pared by the Committee, the lower portion of each page, to which should
be added as many separate sheets of foolscap as may be required, being
left for answers; and, with regard to the physical observations, a single
page of foolscap has been set aside for the measurements of each in-
dividual to be observed. The requisite number of copies of the foolscap
edition of the schedules and of extra copies of the form for the persons
to be photographed and measured will be supplied on application.

Communications should all be written on foolscap paper, and the
writing should be on one side only of the page, and a margiu of about one
inch on the left-hand side of the page should be left, with a view to
future binding.

Directions for Measurement.

Instrument required for these measurements :—The ‘Traveller’s
Anthropometer, manufactured by Aston & Mander, 25 Old Compton
Street, London, W.C.; price 3/. 3s. complete ; without 2-metre steel
measuring tape and box footpiece, 2/. 10s. With this instrument all the
measurements can be taken. In a permanent laboratory it will be found
convenient to have a fixed graduated standard for measuring the height,
or a scale affixed to a wall. For field work a tape measure may be tem-
porarily suspended to a rigid vertical support, with the zero just touching
the ground or floor.

A 2-metre tape, a pair of folding callipers, a folding square, all of
which are graduated in millimetres, and a small set-square can be ob-
tained from Aston & Mander for lJ. 6s. : with this small equipment all
the necessary measurements can be taken.

Height Standing.—The subject should stand perfectly upright, with
his back to the standard or fixed tape, and his eyes directed horizontally
forwards. Care should be taken that the standard or support for the tape
is vertical. The stature may be measured by placing the person with his
back against a wall to which a metre scale has been affixed. The height
is determined by placing a carpenter’s square or a large set-square against
the support in such a manner that the lower edge is at right angles to the
scale ; the square should be placed well above the head, and then brought
down till its lower edge feels the resistance of the top of the head. The
observer should be careful that the height is taken in the middle line of the
head. If the subject should object to take off his boots, measure the
thickness of the boot-heel, and deduct it from stature indicated in boots.

Height Sitting.—For this the subject should be seated on a low stool
or bench, having behind it a graduated rod or tape with its zero level with
the seat ; he should sit perfectly erect, with his back well in against the
scale. Then proceed as in measuring the height standing. The square
should be employed here also if the tape against a wall is used.

8

Length of Cranium.—Measured with callipers from the most prominent
part of the projection between the eyebrows (glabella) to the most distant
point at the back of the head in the middle line. Care should be taken
to keep the end of the callipers steady on the glabella by holding it there
with the fingers, while the other extremity is searching for the maximum
projection of the head behind.

Breadth of Cranium.—The maximum breadth of head, which is usually
about the level of the top of the ears, is measured at right angles to the
length. Care must be taken to hold the instrument so that both its points
are exactly on the same horizontal level.

Face Length.—This is measured from the slight furrow which marks
_ the root of the nose, and which is about the level of a line drawn from the
centre of the pupil of one eye to that of the other, to the under part of the
chin. Should there be two furrows, as is often the case, measure from
_ between them.

Upper Face Length.—From root of nose to the interval between the two
central front teeth at their roots.

Face Breadth Maximum breadth of face between the bony projections
in front of the ears.

Inter-ocular Breadth.—W idth between the internal angles of the eyes.
While this is being measured the subject should shut his eyes.

Bigonial Breadth.—Breadth of face at the outer surface of the angles
_ of the lower jaw below the ears.

Nose Length—From the furrow at root of nose to the angle between
the nose and the upper lip in the middle line.

Breadth of Nose.—Measured horizontally across the nostrils at the
widest part, but without compressing the nostrils.

Height of Head.—The head should be so held that the eyes look straight
forward to a point at the same level as themselves—i.e., the plane of vision
should be exactly horizontal. The rod of the Anthropometer should be
held vertically in front of the face of the subject, and the upper straight
arm should be extended as far as possible and placed along the middle
line of the head ; the shorter lower arm should be pushed up to the lower
surface of the chin. When measured with the square the depending bar
must be held vertically in front of the face (with the assistance of the
spirit-level or plumb-line), and the small set-square passed up this arm
from below in such a manner that its horizontal upper edge will come into
‘contact with the lower contour of the chin. The distance between the
lower edge of the horizontal bar of the square and the upper edge of the
set-square can be read off, and this will be the maximum height of the
head.
Height of Cranium.—The head being held in precisely the same manner
as in measuring the height of the head, the instrument is rotated to the
left side of the head, its upper bar still resting on the crown, and the
recording arm (or the set-square) is pointed to the centre of the line of
attachment of the small projecting cartilage in front of the ear-hole.

_ Nore.—It is essential that these rules should be strictly followed in
order to secure accuracy. All measurements must be made in millimetres.
' possible, the subject’s weight should be obtained, and recorded in the
place set apart for remarks. The observer is recommended to procure
Notes and Queries on Anthropology,’ 2nd edition, from the Anthropo-

dgical Institute. 3 Hanover Square, London, W. ; net price, 3s. 6d.
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Physical Types of the Inhabitants—(continued).
PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS.

Facial characteristics are conveniently recorded by means of photo-
graphs, taken in the three ways explained below. Amateurs in photo-
graphy are now so numerous that it is hoped the desired materials may
be abundantly supplied. At least twelve more or less beardless male
adults and twelve female adults should be photographed. It will add
much to the value of the portrait if these same persons have also been
measured. The photographs should be mounted on cards, each card
bearing the name of the district, and a letter or number to distinguish the
individual portraits ; the cards to be secured together by a thread passing
loosely through a hole in each of their upper left-hand corners. Three
sorts of portrait are wanted, as follows :—

(a) A few portraits of such persons as may, in the opinion of the
person who sends them, best convey the peculiar characteristics of the
vace. These may be taken in whatever aspect shall best display those
characteristics, and should be accompanied by a note directing attention
to them.

(b) At least twelve portraits of the left side of the face of as many
different adults of the same sex. These must show in each case the exact
profile, and the hair should be so arranged as fully to show the ear. All
the persons should occupy in turn the same chair (with movable blocks
on the seat, to raise the sitters’ heads to a uniform height), the camera
being fixed throughout in the same place. The portraits to be on such a
scale that the distance between the top of the head and the bottom of
the chin shall in no case be less than 14} inch. Smaller portraits can
hardly be utilised in any way. If the incidence of the light be not the
same in all cases they cannot be used to make composite portraits. By
attending to the following hints the successive sitters may be made to
occupy so nearly the same position that the camera need hardly be re-
focussed. In regulating the height of the head it is tedious and clumsy
to arrange the proper blocks on the seat by trial. The simpler plan is to
make the sitter first take his place on a separate seat with its back to the
wall, having previously marked on the wall, at heights corresponding to
those of the various heights of head, the numbers of the blocks that
should be used in each case. The appropriate number for the sitter is
noted, and the proper blocks are placed on the chair with the assurance
that what was wanted has been correctly done. The distance of the
sitter from the camera can be adjusted with much precision by fixing a
looking-glass in the wall (say five feet from his chair), so that he can see
the reflection of his face in it. The backward or forward position of the
sitter is easily controlled by the operator, if he looks at the sitter’s head
over the middle of the camera, against a mark on the wall beyond. It
would be 2 considerable aid in making measurements of the features of
the portrait, and preventing the possibility of mistaking the district of
which the sitter is a representative, if a board be fixed above his head im
the plane of his profile, on which a scale of inches is very legibly marked,
and the name of the district written. This board should be so placed as
just to fall within the photographic plate. The background should be of
a medium tint (say a sheet of light brown paper pinned against the wall

7

beyond), very dark and very light tints being both unsuitable for com-
posite photography.

(c) The same persons who were taken in side-face should be subse-
quently photographed in strictly full face. They should occupy a different
chair, the place of camera being changed in accordance. Time will be
greatly saved if all the side-faces are taken first, and. then all the full
faces; unless, indeed, there happen to be two operators, each with his
own camera, ready to take the same persons in turn. The remarks just
made in respect to (b) are, in principle, more or less applicable to the
present case; but the previous method of insuring a uniform distance
between the sitter and the camera ceases to be appropriate.

It is proposed that composites of some of these groups shall be taken
by Mr. Galton, so far as his time allows.

Place Name of Observer

2. Current Traditions and Beliefs.
FOLKLORE.

Every item of folklore should be collected, consisting of customs,
traditions, superstitions, sayings of the people, games, and any supersti-
tions connected with special days, marriages, births, deaths, cultivation of
the land, election of local officers, or other events. Hach item should
be written legibly on a separate piece of paper, and the name, occupa-
tion, and age of the person from whom the information is obtained
should in all cases be carefully recorded. Ifa custom or tradition relates
to a particular place or object, especially if it relates to a curious natural
feature of the district, or to an ancient monument or camp, some infor-
mation should be given about such place or monument. Sometimes a

custom, tradition, or superstition may relate to a particular family or
group of persons, and not generally to the whole population; and in
‘this case care should be exercised in giving necessary particulars. Any
objects which are used for local ceremonies, such as masks, ribbons,
—eoloured dresses, &c., should be described accurately, and, if possible,
photographed ; or might be forwarded to London, either for permanent
location, or to be drawn or photographed. Any superstitions that are
believed at one place and professedly disbelieved at another, or the exact
opposite believed, should be most carefully noted.
The following questions are examples of the kind and direction of the
inquiries to be made, and are not intended to confine the inquirer to the
special subjects referred to in them, or to limit the replies to categorical
answers. The numbers within brackets refer to the corresponding articles
in the ‘Handbook of Folklore’ (published by Nutt, 270 Strand, London),
which may be consulted for advice as to the mode of collecting and the
cautions to be observed.

(4) Relate any tradition as to the origin of mountains or as to
giants being entombed therein.
Are there any traditions about giants or dwarfs in the district ?
Relate them.
Is there a story about a Blinded Giant like that of Polyphemus?

8

(13) Describe any ceremonies performed at certain times in connec-
tion with mountains.

(16) Relate any traditions or beliefs about caves.

(19) Are any customs performed on islands not usually inhabited ?
Are they used as burial places ?

(25) Describe any practices of leaving small objects, articles of dress,
&c., at wells.

(29) Are there spirits of rivers or streams? Give their names.

(32) Describe any practices of casting small objects, articles of dress,
&c., into the rivers.

(33) Are running waters supposed not to allow criminals or evil
spirits to cross them ?

(39) Describe any customs at the choosing of a site for building,
and relate any traditions as to the site or erection of any
building.

(42) Is there a practice of sprinkling foundations with the blood of
animals, a bull, or a cock ?

(43) Does the building of a house cause the death of the builder ?

(48, 49, 50) Relate any traditions of the sun, moon, stars.

(62) Describe the customs of fishermen at launching their boats.

(63) Give any omens believed in by fishermen.

(66) Is it unlucky to assist a drowning person ?

(84) What ceremonies are performed when trees are felled ?

(85) Describe any custom of placing rags and other small objects

upon bushes or trees.

(86) Describe any maypole customs and dances.

(87) Describe any customs of wassailing of fruit trees.

(90) Are split trees used in divination or for the cure of disease ?

(98) Describe any ceremonies used for love divination with plants or
trees.

(105) Describe the garlands made and used at ceremonies.

(110) What animals are considered lucky and what unlucky to meet,
come in contact with, or kill ?

(132) Describe any customs in which animals are sacrificed, or driven
away from house or village.

(133) Describe customs in which men dress up as animals.

(137) Give the names of the local demons, fairies, pixies, ghosts, dc.
Have any of them personal proper names ?

(139) Their habits, whether gregarious or solitary. Do they use
special implements P

»

Ph diag Aten Ade py

(140) Form and appearance, if beautiful or hideous, small in stature, —

different at different times.

(144) Character, if merry, mischievous, sulky, spiteful, industrious,
stupid, easily outwitted.

(145) Occupations, music, dancing, helping mankind, carrying on
mining, agricultural work.

(146) Haunts or habitations, if human dwellings, mounds, barrows,
mines, forests, bogey moorlands, waters, the underworld,
dolmens, stone circles. ’

(190) Give the details of any practices connected with the worship of
the local saint.

(191) Are sacrifices or offerings made to the local saint; on what days;
and when ?

9

(192) What is the shrine of the local saint ?

(210) Witchcraft. Describe minutely the ceremonies performed by
the witch. What preliminary ceremony took place to pro-
tect the witch ?

(294) Are charms used to find evil spirits and prevent their moving
away ?

(295) Are amulets, talismans, written bits of paper, gestures, &c., used
to avert evil or toensure good ? If so,how; when; where ?

(297) Are skulls of animals, or horses, or other objects hung up in
trees to avert the evil eye and other malign influences ?

(298) What methods are employed for divining future events ? What
omens are believed in ?

(353) What superstitions are attached to women’s work as such ?

(856) Are women ever excluded from any occupation, ceremonies, or

laces ?

(358) What superstitions are attached to the status of widowhood ?

(366) Are particular parts of any town or village, or particular
sections of any community, entirely occupied in one trade or
occupation P

(368) Have they customs and superstitions peculiar to their occupation ?

(369) Do they intermarry among themselves, and keep aloof from
other people P

(373) Have they any processions or festivals ?

(422) What parts of the body are superstitiously regarded ?

(482) Are bones, nails, hair, the subject of particular customs or
superstitions ; and is anything done with bones when acci-
dentally discovered ?

(436) Is dressing ever considered as a special ceremonial; are
omens drawn from accidents in dressing ?

(452) Are any parts of the house considered sacred ?

(453) Is the threshold the object of any ceremony; is it adorned
with garlands ; is it guarded by a horseshoe or other object ?

(454) Are any ceremonies performed at the hearth; are the ashes
used for divination; is the fire ever kept burning for any
continuous period ?

(456) Is it unlucky to give fire from the hearth to strangers always,
or when ?

(467) Is there any ceremony on leaving a house, or on first occupying
a house P

(509) What are the chief festivals, and what the lesser festivals
observed ?

(515) Explain the popular belief in the object of each festival.

(516) Describe the customs and observances appertaining to each
festival.

(540) When does the new year popularly begin?

State the superstitions or legends known to attach to—
(a) Hallowe’en. \
(6) May Eve.
(c) Midsummer Day, and St. John’s Eve.| Both old and new
(d) Lammas, or August 1. styles.
(e) New Year’s Day.
(f) Christmas.

a3

10

Is there any superstition as to the first person who enters a
house in the New Year? Is stress laid upon the colour of
complexion and hair ?

(567) What are the customs observed at the birth of children ?

(588) Describe the ceremonies practised at courtship and marriage.

(625) Describe the ceremonies at death and burial.

(669) Describe any games of ball or any games with string, or other

ames.

(674) Peeribe all nursery games of children.

(686) Is there any special rule of succession to property P

(703) Is any stone or group of stones, or any ancient monument or
ancient tree connected with local customs ?

(706) Are any special parts of the village or town the subject of
particular rights, privileges, or disabilities; do these parts
bear any particular names ?

(711) Describe special local modes of punishment or of lynch law.

(719) Describe special customs observed at ploughing, harrowing,
sowing, manuring, haymaking, apple-gathering, corn-harvest,
hemp-harvest, flax-harvest, potato-gathering, threshing, flax-
picking, and hemp-picking.

The collections under this head will be digested by Professor Rhys

and the representatives of the Folklore Society.

Place ___ Name of Observer _

3. Peculiarities of Dialect.
Directions to Contecrors or Driatecr TEsts.

1. Do not, if it can be helped, let your informant know the nature of
your observations. The true dialect-speaker will not speak his dialect —
freely or truly unless he is unaware that his utterance is watched. In
some cases persons of the middle class can afford correct information, and
there is less risk in allowing them to know your purpose.

2. Observe the use of consonants. Note, for example, if v and z are
used where the standard pronunciation has f ands. This is common in
the south. t

3. Observe very carefully the nature of the vowels. This requires
practice in uttering and appreciating vowel sounds, some knowledge of
phonetics, and a good ear.

4. Record all observations in the same standard phonetic alphabet,
viz., that given in Sweet’s ‘ Primer of Phonetics.’ A few modifications
in this may be made, viz., ng for Sweet’s symbol for the sound of ng in
thing ; sh for his symbol for the sh in she; ch for his symbol for the ch in
choose ; th for the th in thin; dh for the th in then. If these modifications
are used, say so. But the symbol j must only be used for the y in you,
viz.,as in German. If the sound of j in just is meant, Sweet’s symbol
should be used. On the whole it is far better to use no modifications at —
all. Sweet’s symbols are no more difficult to use than any others after —
a very brief practice, such as every observer of phonetics must necessarily
go through.

ua E

5. If you find that you are unable to record sounds according to the
above scheme it is better to make no return at all. Incorrect returns are
misleading in the highest degree, most of all such as are recorded in the
ordinary spelling of literary English.

6. The chief vowel-sounds to be tested are those which occur in the
following words of English origin, viz., man, hard, name, help, meat (spelt
with ea), green (spelt with ee), hill, wine, fire, soft, hole, oak (spelt with oa),
cool, sun, house, day, law, or words involving similar sounds. Also words
_ of French origin, such as just, master (a before s), grant (a before n), try,
value, measure, bacon, pay, chair, journey, pity, beef, clear, profit, boil, roast
pork, false, butcher, fruit, blue, pure, poor, or words involving similar
sounds.

The best account of these sounds, as tested for a Yorkshire dialect, is
to be found in Wright’s ‘ Dialect of Windhill’ (English Dialect Society,
1892), published by Kegan Paul at 12s. 6d. Sweet’s symbols are here
employed throughout.

Sweet’s ‘Primer of Phonetics’ is published by the Oxford Press at
3s. 6d.

A list of test words (of English origin) is given at p. 42 of Skeat’s
‘Primer of English Etymology,’ published by the Oxford Press at 1s. 6d.

7. The task of collecting words which seem to be peculiarly dialectal
(as to form or meaning, or both) has been performed so thoroughly that
it is useless to record what has been often already recorded. See, for
example, Halliwell’s (or Wright’s) ‘ Provincial Glossary’ and the publi-
eations of the English Dialect Society. In many cases, however, the
_ pronunciation of such words has not been noted, and may be carefully set
down with great advantage.

The Rev. Professor Skeat has been kind enough to draw up the fore-

going directions, and the collections under this head will be submitted
to him.

Place Name of Observer

4. Monuments and other Remains of Ancient Culture.

Plot on a map, describe, furnish photographs on sketches, and state
the measurements and names (if any) of these, according to the following
classification :—
Drift implements. Caves and their contents.
Stone circles. Monoliths. Lake dwellings.
Camps. Enclosures. Collections of hut circles.
Cromlechs. Cairns. Sepulchral chambers.
Barrows, describing the form, and distinguishing those which have
t been opened.
Inscribed stones.
Figured stones. Stone crosses.
_ Castra (walled). Earthen camps.
Foundations of Roman buildings.
_ Cemeteries (what modes of sepulture).
_ Burials, inhumation or cremation.
Detailed contents of graves.

12

Types of fibule and other ornaments.

Coins. Implements and weapons, stone, bronze, or iron.

Other antiquities.

A list of place-names within the area. No modern names required.

Special note should be made of British, Roman, and Saxon interments
occurring in the same field, and other signs of successive occupation.

Reference should be made to the article ‘ Archeology ’ in ‘ Notes and
Queries on Anthropology,’ p. 176.

These relate to England only. The sub-committees for other parts of
the United Kingdom will prepare modified lists.

The collections under this head will be digested by Mr. Payne.

Place Name of Observer

5. Historical Evidence as to Continuity of Race.

Mention any historical events connected with the place, especially
such as relate to early settlements in it or more recent incursions of alien
immigrants.

State the nature of the pursuits and occupations of the inhabitants.

State if any precautions have been taken by the people to keep them-
selves to themselves; if the old village tenures of land have been pre-
served.

Has any particular form of religious belief been maintained ?

Are the people constitutionally averse to change ?

What are the dates of the churches and monastic or other ancient
buildings or existing remains of former buildings ?

Do existing buildings stand on the sites of older ones ?

How far back can particular families or family names be traced ?

Can any evidence of this be obtained from the manor rolls; from
the parish registers; from the tythingmen’s returns; from guild or
corporation records ?

Are particular family names common ?

In what county or local history is the best description of the place to
be found ?

Evidences of historical continuity of customs, dress, dwellings, im.
plements, &c., should be noted.

The collections under this head will be digested by Mr. Brabrook.

13

Notes Explanatory of the Schedules.
By E. Sipney Harttanp, £.S.A., Secretary of the Committee.

The object of the Committee is to obtain a collection of authentic
information relative to the population of the British Islands, with a view
to determine as far as possible the racial elements of which it is composed.
The high interest of the inquiry for all archeologists need not be here
insisted on. A satisfactory solution of the problems involved will mean
the re-writing of much of our early history ; and even if we can only gain
a partial insight into the real facts it will enable us to correct or to con-
firm many of the guesses in which historians have indulged upon data of
a very meagre and often delusive character.

The methods it is proposed to adopt have regard to the physical
peculiarities of the inhabitants, their mental idiosyncrasies, the material.
remains of their ancient culture, and their external history. In modern
times great movements of population have taken place, the developments
of industry and commerce have brought together into large centres
natives of all parts of the country, and even foreigners, and thereby
caused the mingling of many elements previously disparate. These have-
enormously complicated the difficulties of the inquiry. They have
rendered many districts unsuitable for every purpose except the record of
material remains. Scattered up and down the country, however, there
are hamlets and retired places where the population has remained
stationary and affected but little by the currents that have obliterated
their neighbours’ landmarks. To such districts as these it is proposed to
direct attention. Where families have dwelt in the same village from
father to son as far back as their ancestry can be traced, where the modes
of life have diverged the least from those of ancient days, where pastoral
and agricultural occupations have been the mainstay of a scanty folk
from time immemorial, where custom and prejudice and superstition have
held men bound in chains which all the restlessness of the nineteenth
century has not yet completely severed, there we hope still to find sure
traces of the past.

The photographic survey, which has been carried out so well at
Birmingham and elsewhere, and has been initiated in our own country,
will prove a most valuable aid to the wider work of the Ethnographical

Survey. Photographs of the material remains of ancient culture are
explicitly asked for in the schedule. In addition to them, photographs of
typical inhabitants are urgently desired. Some judgment will, of course,
require to be exercised in the selection of types, and a considerable
amount of tact in inducing the subjects to allow themselves to be taken.
It has been found effective for this purpose, as well as for that of
‘Measuring the people, that two persons should go out together, and
setting up the camera in the village, or wherever they find a convenient
spot, coram populo, they should then proceed gravely to measure and
photograph one another. This will be found to interest the villagers,
and some of them will gradually be persuaded to submit to the operation.
A little geniality, and sometimes a mere tangible gratification of a trifling
character, will hardly ever fail in accomplishing the object. The expe-

rience of observers who have taken measurements is that it becomes.
4

14

extremely fascinating work as the collection increases and the results are
compared. !

This comparison, if the subjects have been selected with judgment,
and accurately measured and photographed, should enable us to determine
in what proportions the blood of the various races which have from time
to time invaded and occupied our soil has been transmitted to the present
population of different parts of the United Kingdom. From the ancient
remains in barrows and other sepulchral monuments, and from the study
of the living peoples of Western Europe, the characteristics of the races
in question are known with more or less certainty, and every year adds
to our information concerning them. A much more complex problem,
and one wherein archzeologists have a more direct interest, is how far the
culture of the races in question has descended to us, and how far it has
been affected by intruding arts, faiths, and inventions. To solve this,
appeal is made first to the historic and prehistoric monuments and other
material remains, and secondly to the traditions of many kinds that
linger among the peasantry. Here the first business, and that with
which the practical work of the survey is immediately concerned, is the
work of collection. To photograph, sketch, and accurately describe the
material remains; to note and report the descriptions and drawings
already made, and where they are preserved ; to gather and put into
handy form the folklore of each country already printed ; and to collect
from the surviving depositaries of tradition that which may still be
found—namely, tales, sayings, customs, medical prescriptions, songs,
games, riddles, superstitions, and all those scraps of traditional lore stored
in rustic memories, impervious and strange to the newer lore of to-day—
these are the necessary preliminaries to the study of the civilisation of our
ancestors.

Archeologists have paid too exclusive attention to the material
remains. They have forgotten to inquire what light may be thrown
upon them by tradition. By the term tradition I do not mean simply
what the people say about the monuments. Antiquaries soon found out
that that was always inaccurate, and often utterly false and misleading.
Hence thay have been too much inclined to despise all traditions. But
tradition in the wide sense of the whole body of the lore of the uneducated,
their customs as well as their beliefs, their doings as well as their sayings,
has proved, when scientifically studied, of the greatest value for the
explanation of much that we must fail to understand in the material
remains of antiquity. To take a very simple instance : when we find in ©
Gloucestershire barrows, cups, or bowls of rough pottery buried with the
dead, we call them food-vessels, because we know that it is the custom
among savage and barbarous nations to bury food with the dead and to ~
make offerings at the tomb, and that this custom rests on a persuasion
that the dead continue to need food and that they will be propitiated by
gifts ; and we further infer that the races who buried food-vessels with
their dead in this country held a similar opinion. Or, to take another
burial custom : General Pitt-Rivers reported last year to the British As-

1 The Ethnographical Survey Committee has a few sets of instruments for taking
the measurements, which can be placed temporarily at the disposal of the local —
committee. Perhaps I may here also express the opinion that if the personal
photographs and measurements called for expenditure beyond what could be met by
local enthusiasm, the Committee might not be indisposed to contribute by way of a
smali payment for each photograph and set of measurements.

15

sociation that he had found in excavations at Cranborne Chase bodies
buried without the head. If we were ignorant of the practices of other
races we should be at a loss to account for such interments. As it is, we
ask ourselves whether these bodies are those of strangers whose heads have
been sent back to their own land, or their own tribe, in order to be united
in one general cemetery with their own people ; or whether the heads
were cut off and preserved by their immediate relatives and brought into
the circle at their festive gatherings to share the periodical solemnities of
the clan. Both these are savage modes of dealing with the dead, one of
which, indeed, left traces in Roman civilisation at its highest development.
The knowledge of them puts us upon inquiry as to other burials of the
prehistoric inhabitants of this country, which may help us in reconstruct-
ing their worship and their creed. I for one do not despair of recovering,
by careful comparison of the relics preserved to us in the ancient monu-
ments with the folklore of the existing peasantry and of races in other
parts of the earth, at least the outlines of the beliefs of our remote
predecessors.

Any such conclusions, however, must be founded on the essential unity
that science has, during the last thirty years, unveiled to us in human
thought and human institutions. This unity has disguised itself in forms
as diverse as the nationalities of men. And when we have succeeded in
piecing together the skeleton of our predecessors’ civilisation, material and
intellectual, we are confronted by the further inquiries : What were the
specific distinctions of their culture ? and How was it influenced by those
_ of their neighbours or of their conquerors? This is a question only to be
determined, if at all, by the examination of the folklore of the country.
We may assume that the physical measurements, descriptions, and por-
traits of the present inhabitants will establish our relationship to some of
the peoples whose remains we find beneath our feet. And it will be
reasonable to believe that, though there has been a communication from
other peoples of their traditions, yet that the broad foundation of our folk-
lore is derived from our forefathers and predecessors in ourown land. In
Gloucestershire itself we have strong evidence of the persistence of tradi-
tion. Bisley Church is said tu have been originally intended to be built
several miles off, ‘but the Devil every night removed the stones, and the
architect was obliged at last to build it where it now stands.’ This is, of
course, a common tradition. The peculiarity of the case is that at Bisley
its meaning has been discovered. The spot where, we are told, ‘the
church ought to have been built was occupied formerly by a Roman villa ;’
and when the church was restored some years ago ‘ portions of the mate-
rials of that villa were found embedded in the church walls, including the
altars of the Penates, which are now, however, removed to the British
Museum.’! Here, as Sir John Dorington said, addressing this Society
some years ago at Stroud, is a tradition which has been handed down for
fifteen or sixteen hundred years. This is in our own country, and it may
thought hard to beat such a record. But at Mold, in Flintshire, there
evidence of a tradition which must have been handed down from the
wehistoric iron age—that is to say, for more than two thousand years.
A cairn stood there, called the Bryn-yr-Ellyllon, the Hill of the Fairies.
It was believed to be haunted ; a spectre clad in golden armour had been
1 Gloucestershire N. J Q. vol. i. p. 390 quoting an article in the Building News.
. Sir John Dorington’s Presidential Address, 7rans. B. J G@. Arch. Soe. vol. v.

16

seen to enter it. That this story was current before the mound was
opened is a fact beyond dispute. In 1832 the cairn was explored. Three
hundred cartloads of stones were removed, and beneath them was found a
skeleton ‘laid at full length, wearing a corslet of beautifully wrought
gold, which had been placed on a lining of bronze.’ The corslet in ques-
tion is of Etruscan workmanship, and is now, I believe, to be seen in the
British Museum.!

Examples like these—and they stand by no means alone—inspire con-
fidence in the permanence of what seems so fleeting and evanescent. Folk-
lore is, in fact, like pottery, the most delicate, the most fragile of human
productions ; yet it is precisely these productions which prove more dur-
able than solid and substantial fabrics, and outlast the wreck of empires,
a witness to the latest posterity of the culture of earlier and ruder times.

But if these traditions have thus been preserved for centuries and even
millenniums, they have been modified—nay, transformed—in the process.
It is not the bare fact which has been transmitted from generation to
generation, but the fact seen through the distorting medium of the popu-
lar imagination. This is a characteristic of all merely oral records of an
actual event ; and this it is which everywhere renders tradition, taken
literally, so untrustworthy, so misleading a witness to fact. The same
law, however, does not apply to every species of tradition. Some species
fall within the lines of the popular imagination ; and it is then not a dis-
torting buta conservative force. The essential identity of so many stories,
customs and superstitions throughout the world is a sufficient proof of this,
on which I have no space to dwell. But their essential identity is over-
laid with external differences due to local surroundings, racial peculiari-
ties, higher or lower planes of civilisation. There is a charming story told
in South Wales of a lady who came out of a lake at the foot of one of the —
Carmarthenshire mountains and married a youth in the neighbourhood, —
and who afterwards, offended with her husband, quitted his dwelling for
ever and returned to her watery abode. In the Shetland Islands the tale
is told of a seal which cast its skin and appeared as a woman. A man of
the Isle of Unst possessed himself of the seal-skin and thus captured and
married her. She lived with him until one day she recovered the skin, —
resumed her seal-shape and plunged into the sea, never more to return. —
In Croatia the damsel is a wolf whose wolf-skin a soldier steals. In the
Arabian Nights she is a jinn wearing the feather-plumage of a bird, appa-
rently assumed simply for the purpose of flight. In all these cases the
variations are produced by causes easily assigned.

The specific distinctions of a nation’s culture are not necessarily limited
to changes of traditions which it may have borrowed from its neighbours
or inherited from a common stock. It may conceivably develop traditions
peculiar to itself. This is a subject hardly yet investigated by students
of folklore. Their labours have hitherto been chiefly confined to estab-
lishing the identity underlying divergent forms of tradition and explaining
the meaning of practices and beliefs by comparison of the folklore of dis-
tant races at different stages of evolution. But there are not wanting
those who are turning their attention to a province as yet unconquered,
and indeed almost undiscovered. Even if they only succeed in establish-
ing a negative, if they show that all traditions supposed to be peculiar

? Boyd Dawkins, Early Man in Britain, p. 431, citing Archeologia and Arch.
Cambrensis,

17

have counterparts elsewhere, they will have rendered a signal service to
science, and produced incontrovertible testimony of the unity of the human
mind and the unintermittent force of the laws which govern it.

Alike for the purpose of ascertaining the specific distinctions of culture
and the influences of neighbouring nations and neighbouring civilisations,
an accumulation of facts,is the prime requisite. If we have reason to
believe in the persistence of tradition, we shall have confidence that relics
will be discovered in our midst of the faith and institutions of our remoter
ancestors ; and, in accordance as we venerate antiquity or desire to pre-
serve what remains of the past, we shall hasten to collect them. Nor can
we be too quick in so doing. The blood of our forefathers is a permanent
inheritance, which it would take many generations and a large interming-
ling of foreigners seriously to dilute, much less to destroy. But tradition
is rapidly dying. It is dwindling away before the influences of modern
civilisation. Formerly, when the rural districts were isolated, when news
travelled slowly and nobody thought of leaving his home save to go to the
nearest market, and that not too often, when education did not exist for
the peasantry and the landowners had scarcely more than a bowing ac-
quaintance with it, the talk by the fireside on winter evenings was of the
business of the day—the tilling, the crops, the kine. Or it was the gossip
and small scandals interesting to such a community, or rgminiscences by
the elders of the past. Thence it would easily glide into tales and super-
stitions. And we know that these tales and superstitions were, in fact,
the staple of conversation among our fathers and generally throughout the
West of Europe, to go no further afield, down to a very recent period ;
and they still are in many districts. In England, however, railways,
newspapers, elementary education, politics, and the industrial movements
which have developed during the present century have changed the ancient
modes of life ; and the old traditions are fading out of memory. The
generation that held them is fast passing away. The younger generation
has never cared to learn them ; though, of course, many of the minor
superstitions and sayings have still a considerable measure of power, espe-
cially in the shape of folk-medicine and prescriptions for luck. We must
make haste, therefore, if we desire to add to the scanty information on
record concerning English folklore.

As a starting-point for the collection of Gloucestershire folklore I put
together, a year or two ago, the folklore in Atkyns, Rudder, and the first
four volumes of Gloucestershire Notes and Queries ; and it was printed by
the Folklore Society and issued as a pamphlet.! Other works remain to
_ be searched ; and it is probable that a good deal more may be found already
in print, if some who are interested in the antiquities of the country will
undertake the not very arduous, but very necessary, labour of collection.
When all is gathered, however, it will only be a small part of what must
have existed at no distant date—if not of what still exists, awaiting dili-
gent inquiry among living men and women. How to set about the in-
quiry is a question that must be left very much to the individual inquirer
_toanswer. Valuable practical hints are given in the Handbook of Folklore,
a small volume that may be bought for half-a-crown and carried in the
pocket. Confidence between the collector and those from whom he is
seeking information is the prime necessity. Keep your notebook far in

a 1 County Folklore. Printed Eatracts—No. 1, Gloucestershire. London: D. Nutt,
by a CA

18

the background, and beware of letting the peasant know the object
of your curiosity, or even of allowing him to see that you are curious.
Above all, avoid leading questions. If you are looking for tales, tell a tale
yourself. Do anything to establish a feeling of friendly sympathy. Never
laugh at your friend’s superstitions—not even if he laugh at them himself ;
for he will not open his heart to you if he suspect you of despising them.

There is one other division of the schedule to which I have not yet
referred. The Dialect is perishing as rapidly as the folklore ; it is being
overwhelmed by the same foes. Peculiarities of dialect are due partly to
physical, partly to mental, causes. From either point of view they are of
interest to the investigator of antiquities. Hence their inclusion among
the subjects of the Ethnographical Survey. Nobody who has once under-
stood how much of history is often wrapped up in a single word can fail
to perceive the importance of a study of dialect, or how largely it may
contribute to the determination of the origin of a given population. The
reduction of dialect into writing requires accuracy to distinguish the nice-
ties of pronunciation, and some practice to set them down ; but a little
experience will overcome most difficulties, which, after all, are not great.
Tt is believed that most of the words—as distinguished from their pronun-
ciation—in use have been recorded in the publications of the English
Dialect Society or elsewhere. But it is better to record them again than
to leave them unrecorded. Nor should it be forgotten in this connection
that a word oftenbears a different shade of meaning in one place from what
it bears in another. In recording any words, care should therefore be taken
to seize not only the exact sound, but the exact signification, if it be desired
to make a real contribution towards the history of the country, or the
history of the language. Of the method of collection and transcription it
is needless to add to the directions in the schedule.

Ae
A es 4
\4r Cra!

Spgs

QUERIES AND REQUESTS.

: WILTS DIALECT.

Mr. G. E. Darrneit1, Adbbottsfield, Salisbury, and the Rev. E. H.

Gopparp, Clyffe Vicarage, Wootton Bassett, would be greatly

. _ obliged if Members interested in the dialect of the county

ay would send them notes of any Wiltshire words not already
noted in “ Contributions towards a Wiltshire Glossary,” in Nos.
76, 77, and 80 of the Magazine.

_ NOTES ON LOCAL ARCHAZOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY.

_ Tue Enprror of the Magazine asks Members in all parts of the county

q to send him short, concise notes of anything of interest, in the
way of either Archeology or Natural History, connected with
Wiltshire, for insertion in the Magasine.

CHURCHYARD INSCRIPTIONS.
The Ruy. E. H. Gopparp would be glad to hear from anyone who
. is willing to take the trouble of copying the whole of the in-
scriptions on the tombstones in any churchyard, with a view to
helping in the gradual collection of the tombstone inscriptions

Br
5

of the county. Up to the present, about thirty-five churches
and churchyards have been completed or promised.

‘ WILTSHIRE PHOTOGRAPHS.

The attention of Photographers, amateur and professional, is called
to the Report on Photographic Surveys, drawn up by the
Congress of Archeological Societies and issued with this num-
ber of the Magazine. The Committee regard as very desirable
the acquisition of good photographs of objects of archeological
and architectural interest in‘the county, in which special at-
tention is given to the accurate presentment of detail rather
than to the general effect of the picture. The Secretaries would
be glad to hear from anyone interested in photography who
would be willing to help on the work by undertaking to photo-
graph the objects of interest in their own immediate neighbour-
hoods. The photographs should, as a rule, be not /ess than
half-plate size, unmounted, and must be printed in permanent
process.

_ WILTSHIRE WORDS, a Glossary of Words used in the County
of Wiltshire, by G. E. Dartnell and the Rev. E. H. Goddard.
8vo, 1893. Pp. xix. and 235. Price 15s. net. A re-publication by the
English Dialect Society of the three papers of “Coutributions towards a
Wiltshire Glossary’”’ which have appeared in the Wilts Arch. Mag., in
connected form, with many additions and corrections, prefaced by a short
2 grammatical introduction, and containing twelve pages of specimens of
Wiltshire talk. Henry Frowde, Amen Corner, London, E.C.

TO BE DISPOSED OF, a duplicate copy of each of the following
books :—Hoare’s “ Ancient Wiltshire,’ 2 vols., folio; ‘“ Modern Wilts,”
“Hundreds of Heytesbury,’ and “Branch and Dole,” 2 vols., folio;
Canon Jackson’s “History of Grittleton,” 4to; Aubrey’s “ Natural
History of Wilts,” 4to; Smith’s “Choir Gaur,” large paper 4to; also the
first five vols. of ‘‘ The Wilts Magazine,” containing all the rare numbers
of that publication—Apply to Mr. W. Cunnineron, 58, Acre-lane,
London, 8.W.

; has been so encouraging, that this second list of “‘ Books»

The response to the oe jae on the: cover of the .

is printed in the hope that it may meet with equal good for
Sir T. Philipps. Wiltshire Pipe Rolls. Oliver (Dr. G.). Collections ill
N. Wilts Musters. Rotulus Hilde- ting a History of Catholic Re
brandi de London and Johis de in Cornwall, Wilts, &c.

Harnham, &c. ' Bishop Burnet. History of His O
Hoare. Registrum Wiltunense. Time. ;
Chronicon Vilodunense,. fol. ditto History of the Reformation? pe
Hoare Family. Early History and ditto Passages in Life of John, —
Genealogy, &c., 1883. Earl of Rochester.
Beckford. Recollections of, 1893. Warton (Rey. J.,of Salisbury). Poems, —
ditto Memoirs of, 1859. 1794.

fe
Beckford’s Thoughts on Hunting, 1781. Woellen Trade of Wilts, Gloucester, _ .
Beckford Family. Reminiscences, 1887. and Somerset. 1803. >}
Lawrence, Sir T, Cabinet of Gems. Wiltshire Worthies, Notes, Biographical _ x
Sporting Incidents im the Life of | and Topographical, by F. Stratford, —

another Tom Smith, M.F.H., 1867. 1882. ;
Marlborough College Natural History Price. Series of Observations on the
Society. Report. 1881. Cathedral Church of Salisbury.

Lord Clarendon. History of the Addison (Joseph). Life and Works
Rebellion, Reign of Charles II:, Life of John Tobin, by Miss Benger.
Clarendon Gallery Characters, Claren- Gillman’s Devizes Register. 1859—69. —
don and Whitelocke compared, the R. Jefferies. Any of his Works. te
Clarendon Family vindicated, &c, | Besant’s Eulogy of R. Jefferies. a

sen s Lives of the Bishops of Salis- Morris’ Marston and Stanton. a

Description of the Wilton House

Life OF Thomas Boulter, of Poulshot, Diptych. Arundel Society.

Highwayman. Moore. Poetical Works. Memoirs.
Broad Chalke Registers. Moore,1881. Mrs. Marshall. Under Salisbury Spire.
Akerman’s Archzological Index. Maskell’s Monumenta Ritualia. ‘Sarum
J. Britton. Bowood and its Literar 'y Use. .

Associations. - Armfield. Legend of Christian Pe
Hobbes (T.). Leviathan. Salisbury Cathedral. 1869. a

Riot in the County of Wilts, 1739. | Walton’s Lives. Hooker. Herbert.
N.B.—Any Books, Pamphlets, &c., written by Natives of Wiltshire, or Residents
in the County, on any subject, old Newspaper Cuttings, Scraps, Election Pla
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WILTSHIRE

Archeological ant Motural Wrstory

MAGAZINE.

No. LXXXYV. JUNE, 1896. Vou. XXVIII.

eae

Contents:

Account OF THE Forty-SEcoND GENERAL MEETING AT CoRSHAM...
. Toe Fatt of THE WintsHrrE Monasteries: by the Rev. W.
i Gilchrist Clark, M.A. . ae vatves BaccduaanaciseCasseuees

Notes on Puaces Vier BY THE gnccais IN + 1895 : by Harold
Brakspear, A.R.I.B.A .. ncnpe ne lash anes ea devnsadentenn es

Notes on CoRsHAM pean: by C. HL “Talbot .

Notes on Lacock Caurcu: by C. H. Talbot ...........cccesecseesereeeees

Wits OBITUARY wot Oe Reet ves
WILTsHIRE Booxs, PAMPHLETS, AND ie a
Appit1ions TO MusEUM AND LIBRARY ..

ILLUSTRATION.
Chapel Plaister—Plan and Details ........:sscceseeseeees 332

DEVIZES:—Htrry & Pearson, 4, St. JoHn STEeEr.

PAGE
279

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WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE.

“MULTORUM MANIBUS GRANDE LEVATUR ONUS. vs."—Ovid.

JUNHX, 1896.

THE FORTY-SECOND GENERAL MEETING

OF THE

WHiltshire Archwological and Natural History Society,
HELD AT CORSHAM,
July 31st, August 1st and 2nd, 1895.
Str H. Bruce Mevux, Barr., President of the Society,

WEDNESDAY, JULY 3lsr.

cA GENERAL MEETING, held in the Town Hall at 3 o’clock,
1 vy iB) was but sparsely attended. In the absence of the President
Mr. E. C. Lowndes took the chair, and after opening the proceedings
shortly, called on Mr. Mepiicorr to read the Report (printed in the
last number of the Magazine), the adoption of which was moved by
Mr. C. H. Tatsor and seconded by Mr. Mayo. The re-election
_ of the Officers of the Society having been moved by Capr.GLaDsToNE
_ and seconded by Cox. Nortuey, the proceedings terminated with a
_ yote of thanks to the Chairman. The Members present then pro-
ceeded to the CHURCH, which still retains a great deal of interest
in spite of the sweeping alterations effected at the “restoration ” by
Mr. Street, when the central tower was removed and a new one
ereoted on the south side. Mr. Taxsor, whose knowledge of the
Church dated from before these alterations, performed the duties of
cicerone admirably, pointing out and explaining everything of
interest. He expressed his strong disapproval of the destruction
VOL. XXVIII.—NO. LXXXV. x

280 The Forty-Second General Meeting.

of the central tower, and the consequent altering of the whole
character of the Church, though—as he remarked—it ought in
justice to the late Mr. Street to be said that he was at first adverse
to the idea of carrying out this alteration, but was induced subse-
quently by those who formed the restoration committee to abandon
his opposition.

From this point the party walked to the picturesque group of
ALMSHOUSES bearing the arms of Sir Edward Hungerford and
his wife, Margaret Halliday, and the date 1668. The arrangement
of the buildings at the back, with a long penthouse resembling a
cloister opening into a series of tiny walled gardens—one for each
house—irresistably reminds one of the arrangement of the great
Carthusian houses on the Continent. The hall-chapel, too, is
singularly interesting, retaining, as it does, its finely-carved oak
gallery, and other fittings, seats round the walls, and pulpit with
an oaken hand to serve as candlestick—all of them contemporary
with the building itself, though the pulpit looks as if it had once
stood on a pedestal.

Unfortunately the occupier of the COURT was unable to receive
the Society, but by the kindness of Srr Jouw Dickson PoynpEr
tea was provided at HARTHAM, and the Members, conveyed thither
in carriages, spent a very pleasant hour in wandering through the
house, the gardens, and the greenhouses, returning to Corsham for
the ANNIVERSARY DINNER, which was held at the Methuen Arms.
At this the President of the Society, Sir Henry Bruck Mevx,
Bart., took the chair. The speeches were of no great length, and
after dinner the party adjourned to the Town Hall, for the evening
Meeting, the room, a fine spacious one, having been nicely decorated
with palms and foliage plants kindly sent for the purpose from
Hartham. THE Presipent, having taken the chair, called upon
Mr. W. Hewarp Bett, who apologised for not having had time
to prepare a paper on the geology of Corsham, owing to recent
all-absorbing events. He however said a few words on the subject,
giving a general sketch of the nature and extent of the beds from
which the famous freestone is extracted.

The Rev. W. Gu.curisr Ciark followed with a paper on the

Thursday, August 1st. 281

“Suppression of the Monastic Houses of Wiltshire,” full of valuable
material, which will be found at a later page of the Magazine. The
company—which numbered thirty-one—then dispersed.

THURSDAY, AUGUST Isr.

The central attraction of this day’s excursion was CASTLE COMBE,
where the number of Members was larger than at any other point
of the route, between fifty and sixty sitting down to the luncheon,
so generously given by Mr. Lownpzs in a tent pitched in his
beautiful grounds. But, though Castle Combe was the central
point, the whole route was full of objects of interest, to a great
extent quite unknown to dwellers in other parts of Wiltshire.
Starting from the Town Hall at 9.30, the first stoppage was at
SHELDON, now and probably for two centuries past a farm-house,
but once one of the manors of Chippenham and the seat of the
Gascelyne family. The very remarkable porch of the original
house, of late thirteenth century date, with its vaulted roof and
parvise over it, still remains intact, though it shows dangerous
signs of decay in the upper part of the walls. It is greatly to be
hoped that this singularly interesting example of domestic Gothic
—in its kind almost unrivalled in the County of Wilts, may receive
the attention and care that it certainly merits before its condition
becomes worse than it is at present. The little private Chapel of
the fifteenth century—now degraded to a stable—is also an unusual

feature in Wiltshire.
From this the carriages proceeded past the remains of Sir Gilbert
Prynne’s house at ALLINGTON, now converted into a barn, and the
_ very picturesque front of BULIDGE HOUSE, to YATTON KEYNELL.

Here the CHURCH was first visited, the most notable features of
_ which are the tower with its panelled upper story, the west porch,
and the fine stone chancel screen. The party afterwards strolled
_ through the rectory garden with its quaint little eighteenth century
_ summer-house of brick, similar to others at Bulidge and elsewhere
in this neighbourhood, and then walked down to the MANOR HOUSE,
_ the front of which—dated 1659, is singularly pleasing in design.
_ From this point the carriages drove to CASTLE COMBE, where they
xX 4

——————“(i‘

282 The Forty-Second General Meeting.

landed the party close to the market cross, which gives such an
unusual character to the village. The CHURCH was thoroughly
inspected under the guidance of Mr. BraxkspEar, who acted as
eicerone throughout the day. The tower—a very beautiful one—
was happily left untouched at the “restoration,” when the screens
were swept away, and the present poor rose window over the
chancel arch was recklessly substituted for the original five or
six-light window of entirely different character. A few of the
Members ascended the tower and were amply repaid, not so much
by the view of the village and valley, though that is worth seeing,
as by the nearer sight of the charming little spire which crowns the
stair-turret and still contains a small medieval bell. Nothing more
graceful than this was to be seen during this whole excursion. The
MANOR HOUSE and its grounds occupying a position which is cer-
tainly unique among Wiltshire residences for the natural beauty of
its surroundings, was thrown open in the most hospitable way by
Mr. Lownpes. The gardens, the pannelling, the pictures, and the
many other objects of interest in the house itself, the group of
Roman architectural fragments from North Wraxall, preserved
on the lawn, the large sarcophagus from the same place, and the
bell-turret from the Church of Biddeston St. Peter’s, destroyed in
1840, were all inspected before it was time to sit down to the
sumptuous lunch to which Mr. Lownnes had invited the Society
in a tent erected on the lawn. On its conclusion Mr. LownpEs
was warmly thanked by the President, Str H. B. Mevx, in the
name of the Society, for his hospitality.

Entering the carriages again the route lay through the beautiful
park up to the old Roman Road from Cirencester to Bath—the
FOSSWAY—close to which stands the remarkable cromlech known
as LUGBURY, the top stone of which was fallen and in its present
condition in Aubrey’s time. Only two of its upright supports
remain, though it probably once had more. It stands at one end
of a long barrow, much reduced in height by long-continued
ploughing (now happily forbidden), of which it seems probable
that it may once have formed the sepulchral chamber. Mr.
Lownpzs gave the history of its exploration by Sir Richard Colt

Thursday, August 1st. 283

Hoare and subsequently by Mr. Scrope. From this point the
Members walked along the lane, which is said to be an ancient
British trackway, to the junction of the Sherston, Littleton Drew,
and Alderton Roads, where the carriages again met them and went
on to NETTLETON CHURCH, which is full of interest, the noble
tower with panelled belfry stage and perforated slabs in the belfry
windows giving it a very rich appearance. This and the north
porch are the most conspicuous external features, whilst internally
the Norman font, the stone pulpit (entered by a special staircase
in the wall), and more especially the nave arcade, the capitals of
which are a kind of imitation Norman, of fourteenth century date,
are worthy of notice.

WEST KINGTON CHURCH, the next place visited, has another
tower of the same type as Yatton Keynell and Nettleton—with
panelled belfry stage—a type elsewhere rare in Wiltshire. The
Church itself has been re-built, and the only thing of special
interest is the pulpit of oak, from which Bishop Latimer preached.
Proceeding down the steep side of the combe to the village below,
on foot, the party again joined the carriages and drove on to NORTH
WRAXALL CHURCH, where a fine Norman doorway (with a modern
figure in the centre of the tympanum) and a curious heraldic
pedigree on the ceiling of the Methuen Chapel of 1795 are among
the chief objects of interest. From here the road lay through the
remarkably beautiful scenery about Ford—with a distant view of
Bury Camp—to BIDDESTON, where the CHURCH, with its Norman
doorway and font and picturesque bell-turret, was inspected before
the party adjourned to the MANOR HOUSE, where they were most
kindly received by Mr. and Mrs, Buaxz, tea being laid out in the
hall, and the whole of the house, with its fine panelled rooms and
fireplaces, of the seventeenth century, thrown open to the visitors.
Before leaving Mr. Mepuicorr expressed the thanks of the Society
to the host and hostess for this unexpected and much-appreciated
hospitality.

Corsham was reached about 7 o'clock, after as pleasant a day,
perhaps, as the Society has ever spent. The weather was lovely—
it was neither too hot nor too cold; the times had been excellently

284 The Forty-Second General Meeting.

arranged, so that there was no undue hurry; Castle Combe was
looking its best ; the deep combes and steep hill-sides of the country
about West Kington and North Wraxall, so unlike the rest of
Wiltshire, was a surprise to many who had never seen:this corner
of the county before ; the Churches displayed a considerable variety
of architecture; and the old houses were exceptionally numerous
and interesting.

At the evening meeting, at 8.30, there was again a somewhat
small attendance—twenty-eight being present when Mr.C.H.Tarsor
read his paper on “ Recent Discoveries at Lacock Abbey,” which
was admirably illustrated by a beautiful series of photographs taken
by Mr. Sidney Brakspear—so that the whole work of discovering
and unblocking the chapter-house door and windows, &c., &c., went
on step by step before the eyes of the andience; and the loving
eare with which the owner of Lacock Abbey treats the building
was abundantly manifested.

At the conclusion Mr. H. E. Mepuicorr, who presided—the
President having left during the afternoon—moved a very hearty
vote of thanks to the Local Committee for the very kind way in
which the Society had been received at Corsham, and especially to
Mr. II. Brakspear, the Local Secretary, upon whom the whole —
brunt of the arrangements had fallen; to Mr. Lowndes for his
hospitality and also for the many other ways in which he had taken
much trouble to make the Meeting a success; and to Sir J. Dickson
Poynder, Bart., M.P., for his kindness in lending a break and pair
of horses to the Society both on Wednesday and Thursday, and for
the hospitality offered to the Members at Hartham on Wednesday
afternoon. Mr. Brexi seconded the vote of thanks; which was
responded to by Mr. Mayo and Mr. Braxspxar, on behalf of the
Local Committee.

FRIDAY, AUGUST 2np.

Leaving the Town Hall at 9.15 the first stoppage was at LACOCK,
where the grand fourteenth century BARN of the Abbey was in-
spected before the party moved on to the CHURCH. Here Mr.
Taxzor read some notes on the building and afterwards showed

Friday, August 2nd. 285

the Members round, pointing out and explaining the many points
of interest in this interesting and unusual Church. After some of
the many remarkable bits of domestic work in the village had been
noticed a move was made to the ABBEY, over which the visitors
were conducted by the owner, who pointed out the remarkable
discoveries made in the cloisters during the recent works of repara-
tion, the thirteenth century doors and windows of the chapter-
house, and the lavatory and its curious frescoes. Having seen the
Abbey thoroughly—including the two fine stone tables, one in the
muniment room and the other in the chamber above it in the corner
tower—the party left, after according a hearty vote of thanks to
Mr. Talbot for the admirable way in which he had performed the
duties of cicerone, both here and elsewhere during the Meeting.
Unhappily at this point a heavy thunderstorm began, which lasted
more or less for a couple of hours. This caused WICK FARM and
its fifteenth century barn to be cut out of the programme, and the
carriages made all possible speed to LYPIATS, and thé shelter of the
luncheon tent, erected there by the kindness of Mr. Futter, who,
with Mrs. Fuller, joined the party at this point. During lunch the
rain descended in torrents, and things looked so bad that most of
the Members had almost decided to make the best of their way to
the railway, when, the clouds beginning to lift, less despondent
counsels prevailed, and the carriages were once more filled for the
carrying out of the remaining items on the programme. The visit
to Jaggards House having been cut out, CHAPEL PLAISTER was
the point first made for. This little building had only been opened
for service three weeks before the Society’s visit, having been re-
paired most judiciously and furnished with the simple fittings
necessary at the cost of £169. In future it will be used as a hamlet
chapel of the parish of Box. Previously it had been for centuries
put to base uses, as a bakehouse and a stable, but the walls remained
for the most part uninjured, with the very curious niche over the
entrance—supposed to have been intended to hold a lantern which
should show a light down the hill to direct pilgrims on their way
to Glastonbury to this little hospice erected for their shelter. The
Rev. J. Spooner, Curate of Box, through whose exertions this

286 The Forty-Second General Meeting.

extremely interesting building has been rescued, is to be congratu-
lated most heartily on the way in which the work has been ac-
complished.

A short drive further took the party to what must formerly have
been the stately mansion of HAZELBURY HOUSE. The occupier,
Mr. Fry, very kindly allowed the Members to wander all over it,
and to inspect the finely-carved stone mantelpiece in the upper
room of the detached building—formerly the Dower House ?—
now occupied as a cottage close to the great house. The fine
garden walls, the gate pillars surmounted with the arms of Speke,
and the grouping of the buildings that remain, give Hazelbury an
imposing appearance still, though the house was originally probably
at least three times its present size.

On arrival at BOX the first thing to be done was to inspect a
small piece of Roman tessellated pavement lately uncovered in
Miss Burgess’s garden, after which the CHURCH was visited.
This, as it Xt present exists, is a remarkable example of the wn-
restored Church crowded with galleries, one of which is approached
in an original manner by a staircase through the west window of
the north aisle! The greatest stickler for the preservation of
ancient monuments would hardly drop a tear over the disappearance
of these galleries, but if the question of the removal of the central
tower was the rock upon which the negotiations for restoration split
some years ago—then having the example of Corsham as a warning
before their eyes—archologists can hardly help rejoicing that as
yet, at all events, no such scheme of “ restoration,”’ falsely so called,
has been carried out.

DITTERIDGE CHURCH, the next point at which a stoppage was
made, with its fine Norman doorway, font, and early Norman
lancet windows, is full of interest to the student of architecture.
Here Mr. Braxspzar read notes on the building prepared by
Mr. Pontine. Within a very short distance is the fine old resi-
dence of CHENEY COURT, with three beautiful fireplaces in the
upper rooms, the whole house being most kindly thrown open to
the Society by the temporary occupants. A short drive further
brought the party to the Dower House of Cheney Court, known as

ee ee

Friday, August 2nd. 287

COLES FARM. This is a small example of the gabled mullioned
house of the seventeenth century, of which so many exist in this
neighbourhood, but it contains in addition to a couple of good
mantelpieces, &c., upstairs, a singularly beautiful and perfect room
on the ground-floor, with its rich panelling and plaster ceiling of
1649 still remaining in an absolutely uninjured condition. Few
more delightful rooms than this have ever been visited by the
Society; on a more modest scale it reminded one of the charms of
Stockton, seen during the Warminster Meeting in 1893. The house
itself is dated 1648. With the tea most kindly and hospitably
provided here by Mr. and Mrs. Morrzs the Meeting of 18995
practically came to an end, and the party broke up, some of the
Members proceeding to catch the train at Box, and others driving
home to Corsham.

Considering the Meeting as a whole, it will be allowed by those
who took part in it that, though previous programmes have had a
more attractive look, few have proved more really interesting in the
carrying out. Castle Combe and Lacock are both places of unique
interest, and probably no district of Wiltshire of equal size with
that traversed during the two days’ excursions could show anything
like the number of examples of good domestic architecture—a fact
no doubt due to the excellent quality and abundance of the local
building stone; whilst the scenery through which great part of the
excursions lay was such as many natives of Wiltshire would hardly
give their county the credit of possessing within its borders.
Though, owing perhaps especially to the fact that the General
Election was but just over, the numbers attending were somewhat
smaller than usual, the Meeting was nevertheless decidedly a success,
and for its success the Society is indebted to the gentlemen who 60
generously entertained the Members, to Mr. Talbot for his excellent
guidance, and most of all to the exertions of our Local Secretary,
Mr. H. Brakspear, who worked early and late to make the Corsham
Meeting one to be remembered amongst the many pleasant and

_ instructive Meetings that the Society has enjoyed in recent years.
_ Not the least satisfactory thing about it is the fact that a balance

of £26 was handed over to the Society’s exchequer by the Local

288 The Fail of the Wiltshire Monasteries.

Committee after the expenses had been paid—a result largely due
to the hospitality which the Members enjoyed at the hands of Mr.
Lowndes and Mr. Fuller, and to Sir J. Dickson Poynder’s very
generous and helpful loan of a break for the excursions.

Che Hall of the Wiltshire Alonasteries.

By the Rev. W. Gincurist CharK, M.A.
Ne fc HE period covered by the process of destruction of the
Ay

religious houses in Wilts was the same as that over
England generally—the short space of four years. In 1535 they
were all standing, as yet untouched; by the 15th December, 1539,
not one was left. During this short space, however, a social and
economic change (to say nothing at this time of the religious effect)
was carried through, second only in importance—if, indeed, it be
second—to the change produced in the fourteenth century by the
ravages of the Black Death.

The campaign against the religious houses began, as I have said,
in 1535, but the preparations for it had been in progress ever since
the fall of Wolsey, in 1529. Indeed it was that great churchman
who first accustomed men’s minds to the wholesale confiscation of
religious property, when he suppressed 8. Frideswide’s, Oxford, and,
as the articles of his impeachment say, “above thirty houses of

* This paper, originally read at the Corsham Meeting, July, 1895, is now
printed with illustrative documents, mostly from the Record Office, and pub-
lished in the series of “ Letters and Papers Illustrative of the Reign of
Henry VIII,” veferred to subsequently as “ Letters and Papers.” My chief
indebtedness is to Fr. Gasquet’s “ Henry VIII. and the Monasteries,” and
Dixon’s “ History of the Church of England after the Abolition of the Papal —
Supremacy” ; while I have to thank A. Story Maskelyne, Esq., of H.M. Record
Office, for much help in verifying references, and for transcripts of several
documents.

:
,

ee

By the Rev. W. Gilchrist Clark, M.A. 289

religion,” to found and endow his new Cardinal College (now
Christ Church) at Oxford, and his school at Ipswich.

Cromwell came to power on Wolsey’s fall, and at once began to
work for the purpose which he had set before himself, 7.c., the
unification of England by prostrating it in personal subjection at
the foot of the throne: to which was now of necessity added the
duty of replenishing Henry’s treasury, exhausted by the profuse
magnificence of his court. Both these objects would be served by
the dissolution of the monasteries; for, as long as they existed, they
served as a stronghold (far more than did the secular clergy) of the
Papal influence, and thus hindered the absolute personal supremacy
of the King; while the confiscation of their goods would bring into
the King’s coffers a sum amounting on a reasonable estimate to
£320,000, or eight seventy-fifths of the whole revenue of the
kingdom. The plan of attack which Cromwell proposed (for I
cannot resist the conclusion that the scheme was due to his inventive
genius) was to proceed on strictly constitutional lines. No sudden
revolution was to be attempted, no armed force to be employed.
Legislation was the means adopted, and the first legislation was
passed in 1533 in the Acts for Restraint of Appeals to Rome, for
the Restraint of Annates, concerning Peter Pence and Dispensations,
and for the Submission of the Clergy. These made the declaration
of the King’s supremacy, not as of a new principle, but as of one
which had always existed, but had been obscured by the usurped
pretensions of the Bishops of Rome. By the Act concerning Peter
Pence the right of visitation of monasteries, which had in large part
vested only in the Pope or his legate, was transferred to the King.
This gave Cromwell the constitutional guise which he desired for
his act of spoliation. The next step was to appoint Cromwell
Vicar-General in matters ecclesiastical, and the preparations were
complete.

In January, 1535, commissions were made out for ascertaining
“the true value of the firstfruits and tenths of all sees and benefices,”’
and the result was what we now know as the “ Valor Ecclesiasticus,”’
giving the value of the possessions of all religious, both regular and
secular, at that date. It is interesting to observe that in the interval

290 The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries.

which had elapsed since the Taxation of Pope Nicholas, in 1290—
the last general valuation of the property possessed by religious
bodies in England—while the revenue of the kingdom had trebled,
the share of the religious had only increased by 50 per cent., so
that they held only half as large a portion in England in 1535 as
they had done in 1290. Taking as a Wiltshire example the property
of the Abbey of Lacock, we find that in 1290 the whole possessions
were valued at £101 12s.4d., while in 1535 they were worth
£203 12s. 34d., or almost exactly double, showing that in this
case the increase in value was somewhat above the average.

The spoils having been thus surveyed beforehand, the visitors of
of the King were to be sent to make their reports. But before
we follow these gentlemen in their peregrinations it may be well to
remind ourselves of the number, order, and value of the various
monasteries in Wiltshire as they were in 1535 :—

A.—In the great order of Benedictines, or Black Monks, we
have :—

1. Malmesbury, with twenty-four inmates, and £803 17s. 7d.
annual income.

And of the reformed branch of Benedictines, the Cluniacs :—

2. Monkton Farley Priory, six inmates, £217 0s. 4d. income.

Of nuns of this order :—
3. Amesbury’, thirty-four inmates, £553 10s. 2d. income.
4. Wilton, twelve inmates, £652 11s. 5d. income.
5. Kington 8. Michael, three inmates, £38 3s. 10d. income.

B.—Of the Cistercians, or White Monks, we have :—
6. Kingswood’, fifteen inmates, £254 5s. 10d. income.
7. Stanley, ten inmates, £222 19s. 4d. income.

C.—Of Black or Austin Canons :—
8. Bradenstoke, fourteen inmates, £270 10s. 8d. income.
9. Maiden Bradley, eight inmates, £197 18s 8d. income.

1 Belonging to the “congregation” of Fontevrault.
2 This, though now reckoned in Gloucestershire, was formerly a detached
portion of Wiltshire.

By the Rev. W. Gilchrist Clark, M.A, 291

10. Ivychurch, five inmates, £133 0s. 7d. income.

[Longleat, a very small foundation of this order, had a
few years previously been appropriated to Hinton
Charterhouse. |

Of Austin Canonesses :—

11. Lacock, seventeen inmates, £203 12s. 3d. income.

To these we must add :—
12. The “ Hospital” of Edington!,thirteen inmates,£521 12s.5d.
income.

D.—Of White Canons, or Premonstratensians, there are no

Wiltshire examples, but we have a house of Trinitarian Canons at:—
13. Easton, two inmates, £55 14s. 4d. income.

K.—Of the only order of native origin, that of the Gilbertines,
originally intended for men and women in the same house, but by
this time almost all male foundations, there are two houses :—

14. Poulton, three inmates, £20 3s. 2d. income.
15. Marlborough S. Margaret, five inmates, £38 19s.2d.income.

Giving a total for the county of fifteen religious houses, one
hundred and seventy-one inmates, and £4183 19s. 9d. annual
income.”

It has generally been thought that the visitation of monasteries
began with the universities (for they were considered religious
foundations), in October, 1535, but the letters which I shall quote
prove quite evidently that it began in a small way in the West of
England (the first record I can find being at Worcester, July 31st).
The reason for this is perhaps that the King seems to have been
engaged upon a royal progress in these parts at that time, and
Drs. Layton and Legh, the two chief visitors, were sent out on
trial, as it were, in the neighbourhood, to see whether they could
obtain the kind of report that was needed. When this was made

‘The only house in England of that branch of Austin Canons called “ Bon-

? The yearly values are mostly taken from the Mozasticon, the number of
inmates being gathered from the pension lists and the report mentioned in
Appendix A.

292 The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries.

clear, they were sent to the universities, and afterwards on wider
journeys.

Of these two worthies, Layton and Legh, while the former seems
to have been a man of coarse tastes and a great appetite for the
nasty, he was more good-natured in a rough sort of way than his
colleague, who was proud, cold, and unbending, disliked as well by
his associates as by those whom he visited.

Let us first follow Layton. He writes from Bath, August 7th,
that he finds the Prior of Farley (cell to Lewes) a man of bad
moral character, and the rest of the convent in the same condition :
and ends his letter with an amusing account of the relics, whether
at Bath or Farley is not quite clear :—!

“ Hit may plase yo" goodness to understonde that we have visit Bathe wheras
we fownde the Prior a ryght vertuouse man and I suppos no better of his cote a
man simple and not of the gretiste wite. His monkes worse then I have any
fownde yet . . . + The howse well repared but foure hundreth powndes in
dett. At Farley sell to Lewys . . . . the trewthe isa vara stewys .
both there and at Lewys and specially ther the supprior, as apperith by ihe
confession of a faire young monke a preste late sent from Lewys. Ihave matter
sufficient here fownde (as I suppos) to bryng the Prior of Lewys into gret
daingier (si vera sint que narrantur). By this bringer my servant I sende you
Vincula sancti Petri wiche women of this countrey uside always to sende for
in tempore partus to put abowte them to have thereby short deliverance and
withoute perile, a gret relike here cowntede bycause the patrone of the Church is of
saynt Peter. Juge ye what ye liste, but I suppos the thyng to be a vara mokerie
and a gret abuse that the Prior one Lammas day shulde carie the same chaine in
a basyn of silver in procession and evere monke to kysse the same post evan-
gelium with gret solemnite and reverans haveyng therefor no maner thyng to
shewe howe they came fyrste unto hit, nother haveyng therof in writyng. Ye
shall also receve a gret komee callid Mari Magdalenes kome, Saint Dorothes
komee, Sainte Margarettes kome the leste. They cannot tell howe they came by
them nother hath any thyng to shewe in writyng that they be relykes. Whether
ye wyll sende them agayne or not I have referide that to your jugement, and to
the kynge’s pleasure. This day we depart from Bath towardes Kensam whereas
we shall make an ynde by tewsday at nyght. Whether hit shal be your pleasure
that we shall repaire unto yowe on Wedynsday erly or that we shall retorne
towardes Maiden Bradley within ii. miles wherof is a Chartorehowse callede
Wittame and Bruton Abbay vii. milles from that, and Glassenberie other vii.
mylles, what your pleasure shal be in the premissis, hit may please yowe to
assartaine us by this berer my servant.

“The Prior of Bathe hath sent unto yowe for a tokyn a leisse of yrisshe laners

1 Letters and Papers, Hen. VIIL, ix., 42.

By the Rev. W. Gilchrist Clark, M.A. 298

brede in a selle of his in Yrelonde, no hardier hawkes cane be as he saith. Thus
I pray God to sende yowe as well to fare as your hert desierith. From Bathe
this Monday by your assuride poire preste and servant
“Yeshall recevea bowke of our lades miracles well able to mache the Canterberis
tailles, such a bowke of dremes as ye never sawe wiche I founde in the librarie.
“RycHARDE Layton.

“Tf ye tary with the Kynge’s grace viii. dais, we shall dispache all the howses
afore recietede.
“ Calamo velocissimo.”

Again, he writes from Bristol, August 24th :—!

“ Pleasit your mastershipe to understonde, that yesternyght late we came from
Glassynburie to Bristowe to Saint Austins, whereas we begyn this mornyng,
intending this day to dispache bothe this howse here, being but xiiij. chanons,
and also the Gawntes, wheras be iiij.or v. By this bringar, my servant, I sende
y owe relyqwis, fyrste, two flowres wrappede in white and blake sarcenet, that
one Christynmas evyn hora ipsa qua Christus natus fuerat will spring and
burgen and bere blossoms quod expertum este, saith the prior off Maden
Bradeley ; ye shall also receve a bage of reliquis, wherein ye shall se strangeis
thynges, as shall appere by the scripture, as, Godes cote, Our Lades Smoke,
Parte of Godes supper 7m cena Domini, Pars petre super qua natus erat Jesus
in Bethelem. belyke there isin Bethelem plentie of stones and sum quarrie,
and makith ther mangierres off stone. The scripture of evere thyng shall declare
yowe all: and all thes of Maden Bradeley, whereas is an holy father prior, and
hath but vj. children, and but one dowghter mariede yet of the goodes of the
monastrie, trysting shortly to mary the reste.

*T send yowe also our Lades gyrdell of Bruton, male ale wiche is a solemne
reliquie sent to women travelyng, wiche shall not miscarie ix partu. I sende
yowe also Mare Magdalen’s girdell, and that is wrappyde and coveride with
white, sent also with gret reverence to women traveling wiche girdell Matilda
thempresse, fownder of Ferley, gave unto them, as saith the holy father of Ferley.
I have crosses of silver and golde, sum wiche I sende yow not now bycause I
have mo that shalbe delivered me this nyght by the prior of Maden Bradeley
hymself. To morow erly in the mornyng I shall bring yow the reste, when I
have recevide all and perchaunce I shall fyndesumthyng here. In casse ye depart
this day, hit may please yowe to sende me worde by this bringer, my servant,
wiche way I shall repaire after yowe. Witham the Chavtaliawke hath professide
and done althynges accordyng as I shall declare yow at large tomorowe erly.
_ At Bruton and Glasenburie there is no thing notable ; the brethren be so strait

keppide that they cannot offende, but faine they wolde if they myght, as they
confesse, and so the faute is not in them. From Sainte Austines withoute
Bristowe, this saint Bartilmews day, at iiij. of the cloke in the mornyng, by
_ the spedy hande of your moste assurede poir preste,

“RycHaRpE Layton.”

—_—e—e—ee—e—eeeee———————————

? Letters and Papers, ix,, 168.

294 The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries.

If we turn now to the other chief visitor of Wilts, Dr. Legh, we
find him writing to Cromwell from Lacock, August 20th, to
complain of Layton’s conduct, in giving permission to the heads of
convents to leave the precincts, which he (Legh) had forbidden :—!

“ After my due and moste hartie commendacions, please it your mastership to
be advertised, that whereas I have in all the places that I have ben at, according
to myne instructions and to the kinges graces pleasure and yours, restrayned as
well the heddes and masters of the same places as the brethern from going foorth
of the precincte of the said places, which I adsure you greveth the said heddes
not a litle, as ye shall well perceive by thinstant sutes that they shall make to the
kinges grace and to you. It hathe been reported unto me sens my comyng to
theis parties, that Mr. doctour Laitone hathe not doon the same in the places
where he hathe ben, but licenced the heddes and masters to goo abrode, which
I suppose maketh the brethern to grudge the more, whan they see that they be
worse entreated than their master, which hath professed the same rule that they
have. Wherefor, to thintent that an uniformitie maye be observed amongest us
in all our procedinges, it maye please your mastershipp other to commaunde Mr.
doctour Laytone to geve the same injuncions where he goeth and hath ben that
I have geven in the places aforesaid, in which case yf ye see reasonable causes
wherefor ye shulde release the same injunctions in some places ye maye at all
tymes; or els to advertise me of your pleasure therein, that I may confourme
myself to the same, and direct my proceedings after one weye with you. Sir, yf
ye go to Oxforde shortly, as ye ones intended, this bringer is a man of good
experience and intelligence there and can declare you the state of the Universitie
very well. Thus knoweth Allmightie Ged, who have your mastership in his
blessed tuicion. From Laycok the xx of Auguste. :

“Yours ever assureyt,
“THomas LEa@uH.”

Cromwell had apparently replied by giving Legh leave to let the
heads go abroad, at his discretion ; but to exercise this power was
very far from Legh’s mind, and he specially desired to have no
such licence, in order that those who wished to leave the precincts
of their monasteries should have to apply to Cromwell himself, the
application, of course, to be accompanied by a present for the all-
powerful minister. Accordingly he writes :—

“ After my dewe commendations to your good maistershipp, please it you to
be advertised that I have receyved youre geatill and loving lettres, yn which ye
wolde that at my discretion I may licence the heddis for their necessary busynes _
and affaires to go furth of theire monasteries in suyche discrete maner and
fourme as no brute may be made thereof. Sir, it was not myne entent in my

1 Letters and Papers, ix. 138.
2 Letters and Papers, ix., 265.

By the Rev. W. Gilchrist Clark, M.A. 295

lettres to have any autoritie to dispense with the saide heddis in this case, but
as in tymes past so I doo yet think it very necessary that they have not libertie
so soone after their injuctions, partely because it will be some occasion to
think the other may as well be broke, and partely because their inferiors shall
think that they have no litell injury so to be bounden, and their hed which hath
professid the same religion, and shulde be in all hardenes as a lanterne and
example to theym, thus to be losid. Besides this, if ye had withdrawen your
hand a while herein, they shuld have had gret occasion to seke uppon the kinges
favour and yours, and so it might have lyen in your handes to gratifie theym
daily to their great hartys ease and your no litell commoditie. And also dyvers
other causes there be as ye shall knowe by the compertes in this visitation, why
it is not expedient as yet, that some of theym shuld have suych libertie
Wherfore, notwithstonding your gentill licence given to me in this behalf, I
entende to release none before that I speke with your maistership, or els that
ye send me strayte commaundement so to doo. Praying you hartely that ye
well consider whome ye send to the universities of Oxford and Cambrige, where
other will be founde all vertue and goodness or els the fontayne of all vice and
myschief, and if all be well orderid there, no dowte both God and the king shall
be well servid in these affaires, and your maistershippes office well discharged.
Thus I commit you to Allmightie God. From Willton, the thirde daie of

Septembre.
“ Yours ever assureytt,

“Tomas Leu.”

While this correspondence, however, was going on, the visitation
of houses had been proceeding. Legh, with his colleague, John
Ap Rice, had visited Malmesbury Abbey, and had written an
account of their “comperts” or matters to report there. This
letter, unfortunately, appears to be lost, but we have another dated
August 20th, from Lacock, in which he continues his report,
dealing with Bradenstoke, Stanley, and Lacock :—'

“ After my due and right humble comendacions. Please it yo' M'ship to be
advertised of o' procedings in thies parties. We have ben at Maumesburie
wherof I have alredy advertised yo" M'ship by my other lettres. And than at
Bradstock where after exact and diligent inquisicion we coulde not prove any
eryme ageinst the Prior, but ij. or thre of the convent were found convict of
incontinencie. At Stanley thabbot confessed incontinencie . . . . before
he was abbot and vj. or vij. of the convent have confessed incontinencie. And
nowe being in examinacion at Laycok as yet I can finde noexcesses. And as
for the howse it is in good state, and well ordered. M* Docto™ dothe every
where restraine as well the hedds as the brethern or susters from going forth
and no women of what state so ever they be, to come withine religiouse mens
houses, nor men to comme to religious womens houses, saing it is yo" pleaso’.
yo" pacience not offended I thinke the same over straight, for many of thies

1 Letters and Papers, ix,, 139. '
VOL. XXVIII.—-NO. LXXXV. Y

296 The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries.

houses standeth by husbandrie and all that muste decaye or at the lestewise worse
loked unto yf the heads may not goo and oversee it. The hedde is also chosen a
person expert in temporalibus, to thentent that he maye be as a proctor for all
the rest in outwarde busynes and they being provided for by his meanes maye
the quieter serve god, setting all their sollicitude for outwarde things on hym.
Also he ought to be a person mortified to the worlde that shulde be elect to that
office, and so he is supposed by the lawe to be, that no outwarde busynes shulde
corrupt hym. And all though divers of theym be founde to be otherwise, yet
thordinarie maye allweys remedie that by amocion of hym from thoffice.

“Also the moonks of Charterhouse devysed all the weys they might to kepe
theym as ferre as they might from outwarde busynes And yet they were
compelled to have a proctor that shulde be as their martha. And their Prior too
for greter busynes to goo foorth.

“And as touching thother poynt that nother noble women ne other shulde
comme to Thabbots Table, nor noble men and Counsaillors or Officers of the
house to thabbes table, let yo" M'ship consider whether it be acceptable to all
men or yet convenient. And yo M'ship maye also consider with yo'self whether
ye thinke it better, to geve theym those iniunctions and you to release theym
as ye see cause and according to the qualities of the persons and places or els to
alter or qualifie the said iniunctions as to yo" highe wisdom shall seme most
expedient. And thus almightie Jesu have yo" good M'ship in his blessed
keping. From Laycock the xx" of August. In baste as ye see by my writing.

“ Yot humble and faithfull servant,
“Joun aP Ricz.”

After leaving Lacock, Legh and his colleague visited Kington
and Edington, calling on the way at Bruton, in Somerset, which
had been visited by Layton a few days previously.1_ The abbot
appears, not unnaturally, to have resented being visited again so
soon, and some high words seem to have passed on the occasion
which are referred to at a subsequent period.

We then take up Ap Rice’s letters again in one written from
Edington, August 23rd or 24th, referring to Lacock, Kington, and
Edington :—

“ After my due and right humble commendacions. Please it yo" M'ship to be
advertised, that heretofor I have by my other lettres directed unto you and inclosed
in my lettres directed to Mr Raph Sadler which I delivered to Thabbot of Malmes-
burie to be conveyed unto you, certified yo" M'ship of o' comperts at Malmesbury
Bradstock and Stanley. And nowe to advertise you of the rest that we have
ben at. Soo it is that we founde no notable compertes at Laycok ; the house
is very clene well repared and well ordered. And one thing I observed worthy
thadvertisement here. The Ladies have their rule, thinstitutes of their religion

1 Letters and Papers, ix., 159.
2 Tb., 160.

By the Rev. W. Gilchrist Clark, M.A. 297

and ceremonies of the same writen in the frenche tonge which they understand
well and are very perfitt in the same, albeit that it varieth from the vulgare
frenche that is nowe used, and is moche like the frenche that the common Lawe
is writen in. At Keyngton where there is but thre Ladies in the house we have
founde ij convict of incontinencie. Thone whereof bicause she was under age of
xxiiij, and not very desirous to continue in religion, M' Docto" hath discharged.
And one Dame Marie Denys,! a faire yong woman of Laycok is chosen
Prioresse at Ky[ngton afore]said. At Edyngton we found the Recto’ or M’ [to
be a] man of good name and fame, but we founde all his bu[ ... .
cano]|nes for the moste part of male? fame, for they have everyone almost
confessed that they have doon amysse sence they were professed. And there we
founde also one of the yongest . . . . which partely for lack of age, and
partely for want of goodwill to continue in the religion is also discharged of
his cote. Hec hactenuws. And as more shall occurre worthy thadvertisement
I shall from tyme to tyme adcertayne yo" M'ship, God willing, who have yo'
M'ship in his blessed tuicion. From Edyngton the xx[ijiij” of Auguste.
“By yo" humble and assuredly
“ faithfull servant JouNn ap Ricx.”

The last occasion on which we hear of Legh and his associate in
Wilts is at Wilton, on September 8rd, where he seems to have
behaved very harshly to the abbess, imposing upon her and the
convent vexatious regulations, of which she complains in a letter to
Cromwell, dated September 5th :—*

“ After my due and humble comendacions to yo’ good M'ship with like thankis
for yo' goodnes to my poore house in tymes paste many waies shewed, pleas it
you to bee advertised that M" Doctor Legh the kingis graces speciall visito™ and
yo’ depute in this behalf, visiting of late my house, hathe geven iniunction that
not oonly all my Sisters, but I also shulde contynually kepe and abide w'in the
precincte of my house, whiche commaundement I am right well contente w*, in
regarde of myne owne parsone, if yo" M’ship shall thinke it so expediente, but
in consideration of thadmynystracion of myne office, and specially of this poore
house which is in greate debt and requirethe moche reparacon and also whiche
w'oute good husbandry is not like in long season to come forwarde, and in con-
sideracion that the said husbandry can not bee by my poore iudgemente so well
by an other overseer as by myne owne parsonne, yt maye pleas yo" M'ship of
yo' goodnes to licence me being associate with oon or twoo of the sad and
discrete Sistirs of my house to supervise abrode suche thingis as shalbe for the
prouffite and commoditie of my house whiche thing though peradventure myght
bee done by other, yet I ensure you that none will doo hit soo faithefully for my
house prouffite as myne owne self. Assuring yo" M’ship that it is not, nor shall

1She died 1593 in Bristol, and was buried in the Church of the Gaunts, on
the Green. (Wiltshire Collections, Aubrey & Jackson, p. 146.)
2 ¢.e., bad.
8 Letters and Papers, ix., 280.
XY 2

298 The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries.

be at any tyme hereafter my myend to lye furthe of my monasterye any nyght,
Excepte by inevitable necessitie, I can not thene retorne home, With licence also
if it shall pleas yo" M'ship that any of my sisters, when theire father, mother,
brother or sister or any such nye of their kyne come unto theym maye have
licence to speke wt them in the hall in my presens or my prioresse and other two
discrete Sistirs, whiche of yo" goodnes if ye graunte unto us, we shall be yo"
contynuell bedswomen to almyghtie God for the contynuaunce and long
preservacion of yo" good M'ships prosperous estate.
“Frome Wilton the v'> day of Septembre.
Yo" poore assured oratyis CecILE BopMaN,
“ Abbesse there.”

It is from Wilton, also, that on September 3rd Legh writes the
letter referred to above (p. 294), in which he strongly disapproves
of any relaxation such as Layton had granted, and Cromwell
apparently approved.

There are three letters which, though written later, yet refer to
this period and partly to this visitation of Wiltshire, and may be
considered here.

In October of this year (1535) someone has complained to
Cromwell of Legh’s manner of conducting himself. Cromwell
seems thereupon to have asked for an explanation, and here is the
doctor’s defence :—

“My dewtye in the humlyest maner to your mastership presupposyd ys to
sygnyfye unto you the same that thys xxj daye of Octobre I have receyvyd your
masterships letters whiche all thowgh yt war moche to my dyscumforte yet yt was
more to my gret marvell who shuld insense yo" mastership aftre suche faysyon
or shuld make un to you any suche reporte w'owt any dysserte of my partye (as
knoweth God) and I instantly desyre your mastership as I have doon ofte to
geve no credans to no suche reports before ye knowe the trewthe therof, for I
intend (God wyllyng) nor I pray God I lyve not to that daye, that I shall geve
any cause that I shall dysseyve your expectacyon or opynyon, more of your
goodnes then of my dysserts conseyvyd in me, and I thyncke you trust me better
then to beleeve suche thyngs in me. For ye shall well be assuryd that I have
nother hether toward nor ever shall hereafter doo in the Kings matters or yours
ony other wyse beyng absent from you, but as I knowe God sees me, and as I
wold doo and yff your mastership war present w' me at every acte. For God
knoweth my hole procedyng hathe been and shall as maye moost atteyne to the
glorye of God the honor of the Kings hyghnes and the full accomplyshement and
effect of suche goodly and godly purposes as hys hyghnes and you hathe put me
in trust and geven me auctoryte to doo, and yf I have offendyd your mastership
in any thyng eyther by ignoraunce or by necligens or want of discretion (as I
trust I have not doon, ne shall doo) I wold be wonderous sory for yt, and for

1 Letters and Papers, ix., 621.

:

By the Rev. W. Gilchrist Clark, M.A. 299

fidelite, diligens, and good wyll, trewly to accomplysche yor pleasure shall never
want in me, nor in my harte, nor bodye, to doo you servyce in all thyngs and at
all tymes knowyng my self unable therunto. But please you of yo" goodnes to
accept me. Andas towchyng my triumphaunte and sumtuous usage pretendyd un
to you in sumtuous and gaye apparell and otherwyse, suerly I knowe no suche.
For I have used (beyng your mynyster) myself no other wyse then I dyd before
in apparell, and weere no garment but that I have worne in London these 3j
yeres, and ware when I was last ther. Whiche I thowght in as moche as by
your meanys I had of the Kyng whiche ys an owld gowng of velvet, I thowght I
culd not were yt at any tyme better then in hys gracys servyce and yours,
whyche yf I had knowen had greved any honest man wherby you shuld a ben
dyscontentyd I wolde a ben sory to a woorne yt, but no thyng ys doon to soo
good a ende but sycophauntts and calumniators wyll take yt yll, and chieflly in me
whom they wold be glad to bryng out of your mastershyps favor, but I shall
desyre you as I dyd ever, to take me as ye fynde me, and put no mystrust in
me, untyll ye have occasyon whiche shall never be in me worthely by the grace
of God. And w* suche sober and gentyll meanys as I am well assured no man
have cause to saye the contrary (the trewthe knowen) and behavyng my self
w'owt any rygor or any extremyte tyll any man (as knowethe God Who see me
at every tyme and in every place. And as I wold yo" mastership dyd) secludyng
all respects and affections or pryvate lucre which I take God to recorde I dyd
never use in thys matter, nor yet in no other publicke functyon intendyd ever
to doo, and all thowgh your mastership lysensyd me by your letter to geve
lybertye to the heddys, yet I never used yt but gave them lysans to seew to you
for lysans to goo forthe, nor intend not to doo, and I shall wyshe that every
man that serve you intendyd as hertely reformation as I doo, and to doo you
trew and dylygent servyce as you and God shall and maye judge of o' mynds
and deds, Then shuld you not have gret nede to care whom you put in trust in
thys matter. And yet I certefye you agen ther ys no honest man that wyll
complayne of my pretendyd lordly cowntynaunce nor rygorows dealyng led or
mytygate by any respecte, whiche God knowe I never used ne wyll, as ye shall
well perceyve at our next metyng, wher and then you shall knowe falsehoode
from trewthe, whiche I pray God ye ever maye. And iff you had towld me or
please you to send me a letter how you wold have me to apparell my self, I wold
be glad to accomplysche your mynde in that as in all other thynge. And thus
Thu send you long lyfe to hys pleasure and thaccomplyshement of your moost
gentyll herts desyre, knowlegyng my self unable to be your mynystre at any
tyme, but of your goodnes, more then in any qualyte in me, yet trustyng never
to geve you any occasyon to be ware whom you shall put in trust, but rather an

_ example to them that you put in trust to serve God and you iustely and trewly.

Wherfor I desyre you to consydre that I have and ever shall have a more inward
and deper respecte to yor trewe & stedfast harte toward me the[nj any offyce
that even you shall put me For I wyll ever be yours assured as well in thoffice
and w'owte thoffyce as shall please you, yet shall I never geve you occasyon to

_ the contrary,

“ At Thabby of Warden the xvjth daye of Octobre.
** Yrs ever assureyt THomas Lreu, D.L.”

* Veritas liberabit.”

300 The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries.

Cromwell had, however, written at the same time to Ap Rice,
blaming him for not having let him know of this conduct on Legh’s
part; and here we have the other side of the picture in a letter of

the same date and written from the same place (Wardon Abbey,
Bedfordshire) :—!

“ After my due and right humble commendacions Please it yo" M'ship to be
advertised that I have this daie receved yor lettres by the which I doo apperceave
that ye are not content with me for that I have not revealed unto you M' Docto*
Leghes demeanor proceedings & maner of going. SS allthough I were divers
tymes mynded to be in hande with yor m'ship for certain abuses & excesses which
I sawe in the same, as I thought it my duetie, yet divers causes did discorage
and retract me from so doing. Firste I sawe howe litle the complaynts of other
as of thabbot of Brueton where he used hymself, me thought, very insolentlie
did succede at yor hands and thinking that his demeano' at Bradstock Stanley
and Edington where he made no lesse ruffeling with the hedds than he did at
Brueton shulde of all lykelyhood come likewise to yo' knowlege and yet sawe
nothing said unto hym therfor. And also supposyng that you considering howe
he was one of theym that depraved me heretofore with yo m'ship for no iuste
cause but for displeasure which he have towards me for certain causes which I
woll declare unto you at more leysure, wolde have thought all my reaporte by
hym to procede of malice. And therfor because I wolde that the matier shulde
have come to yor eares rather of other men than of me I spake of certain his
abuses to divers of my companie nyghe about you, and called divers of my Fellowes
yo’ servants at London to come with me and see all his procedings gesture and
maner of going there at Westm[inster] and at Powlles. And myself being
hyndered with you not long ago was affrayed to attempt suche an enterprise with
you not being commaunded by you afore so to do leste he with his bolde excuse
wherin he is I adsure you very redy wolde have overcome me being but of
small audacitie specially in accusations wherunto I am nothing profoeuse of
nature though the matier were never so trewe. I can prove by some that ye
woll truste that I wolde have shewed you his demeanor but for that I was afrayed
that ye wolde have taken it to procede of malice. I loked allways whan ye shulde
have commaunded me to shewe you that for many tymes it happeneth that a man
intending but well hath incurred displeasure by doing his duetie. Also I am
fearefull I am not eloquent in accusations as some men be but nowe that ye
commaunde me I dare boldely declare unto you that I thynke to be amysse in
the said M' Doctor and what I require in hym. Firste in his going he is too
insolent & pompatique which because he went so at London in the face of all the
worlde I thought ye had knowen and afore yo" owne Face many tymes. Then
he handleth the Fathers where he cometh very roughely and many tymes for
small causes as thabbots of Brueton & Stanley, and M' of Edington for not
meting of hym at the doore whene they had no warnyng of his comyng. Also
I require more modestie, gravitie and affabilitie whiche wolde purchase hym more
reverence than his owne setting foorth and satrapike countenaunce.

—

1 Letters and Papers, ix., 622.

By the Rev. W. Gilchrist Clark, M.A. 301

“The man is yong and of intolerable elation of mynde. As concernyng his
taking I think it excesseve in many things first for the election of the P'o' of
Coventrie he toke xv, for the election lately at Bevall the Charterhouse xx"
besides his costes vj". At Vale Royall xv'i beside his costes vj" and his rewarde
unknowen to me. And at Tarrent for the election xx" beside his costes iiij'’.
And because I knowe there by one Fissher that was sollicito" in that matier that
yo" plesure was he shulde have no lesse for Tarrent I thought he toke the other
but according to yo" pleasure. And surely he asketh no lesse for every election
than xx" as of duetie which in myne opinion is to moche and above any dutie
that ever was taken by any directo" heretofor.

“Also in his visitations he refuseth many tymes his rewarde though it be
competent, for that they offer hym so litle and maketh theym to sende after hym
suche rewardes as may pleas hym, for surely religious men were never so affrayed
of Doctor Alen as they be of hym, he useth such rough fasshion with theym.
Also he hath xij men wayting on hym in a lyverey beside his owne brother which
must be rewarded specially beside his other servants and that I thinke to grete a
trayne to come to small houses withall. Howe moche he toke at every house I
am not p'vey but of fewe. And as for any licenses that he gave sen he cam
foorth laste he gave none but to thabbot of Woborne untill he might come to
you, and obteigne of you a licence to go abrode. And in some things I suppose
that he foloweth not yor instructions. As where I toke it that ye wolde have all
those both men and women that were xxij yere olde and betwene that and xxiiij
they shulde choyse whether they woll tarye or goo abrode. And he setts but
religieuse men onlye at that libertie.

“Also he setteth a clause in his Iniunctions that all they that woll of what age
soever they be maye goo abrode which I harde not of yor instructions.

“Of his doing hereafter and of all other things that I shall reken worthie
thadyertisement I shall adcertayne your M’ship of as I shall see cause nowe that
yecommaunde me so todoo. And as for myne owne dealing and behavior I truste
ye shall here no iuste cause of complainte ageinst me. One thing humblie desiring
yo' M'ship that ye geve no light credence till the matier be proved and my
defense harde. And if it had not ben for troubling of you I wolde have so
declared unto you the circumstance of my firste accusation and thoccasion therof
that ye shulde have ben well persuaded that all the same proceded of a greate
and a long conceyved malice ageinst me and of no matier of trouthe or worthie
correction. And being so sodenlie taken and you so Jong before incensed by the
meanes of myne adversaries I was so abasshed that I had not those things in my
remembraunce that was for my defense. And praye you moste humblie to persuade
yo'self that havyng so many and so greate benefites at yo™ hande, and hanging
onlye upon yor good successe can not, but yf I were the most unnaturall person
in the worlde, doo or suffer to be doon to my power any thing that might be any
impechiment of yo" honor or worship. Which I praye God evenso to preserve as
I wolde myne owne liff. And thus Allmightie God have yot M'ship in his

" blessed keping.

“From Wardon Abbeye this xvj'" of Octobre.
‘Your moste bounden servant Joun Ap Ricr.

It seems, however, to have struck Ap Rice, after despatching this

302 The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries.

letter, that if it came to his colleague’s knowledge, it might be
the cause of much trouble to himself ; and accordingly he writes the
next day to Cromwell to tone down and modify his first letter,
stating in a very naive way the reasons which led him to do so:—

“After my right humble commendations. Please it your M'ship to be advertised
that where as of late at yo" straight commaundement I have certified yor M’ship of
certain things touching M™ Doctot Legh, allthough they were all trewe, yet than
havyng no other respect but to satisfie yot commaundement and for haste, I omitted
that moderation therein, which of my conscience I can not nowe but advertise your
M'ship of. First havyng experyment in myself not long agoo howe grevous ye
and dedlie it is for any man to have the displeasure of suche a man as you are
specially havyng your favot before and hanging onlye of you. And what
desperation or other inconvenience maye ensue therupon to the same so that I
wolde not wisshe my moste enemie so greate a displeasure. And also considering
for yo" parte howe ye can not sodenlie or violentlie use any extremetie toward the
said Mr Doctot but ye shall therby geve occasion to some to reken that ye were
to quicke in choysing suche a one to that rome, as ye wolde so sone after
disalowe and reprove. Also it wolde be thought by some other that all his doings
and proceedings in suche places as he was at, were reproved by you and he for the
same so handeled. I think therfor, savyng yo" M'ships better opinion, that ye
sholde doo an acte bothe agreable to yot honot and very benigne towards hym
yf ye did firste gentlie admonyshe hym to amendement and not utterly discorage
hym and strike hym under foote. And yf therupon he doo use any exorbitunce
or excese I shall upon my perill (nowe that I knowe yor pleasure) signifie it
unto you. And then might ye call hym home by litle and litle so that as litle
brute or rumot shulde arise therof as might be. And seing he is but a yong man
and bothe for that and of nature somewhat highe of courage, yf he were but
admonyshed by you modestlie he woll percase doo very wellyet. And surely he
hath a very good will and audacitie ynough, and therwith pretendeth suche an
ernest fasshion to sett foorth the matiers that he intended (yf he wolde use some
what more modestie therin than he dooth) as I knowe no other man to have that
ye putt in truste. But some faultes maye be tolerated and some amended yf
they maye be, seing no man is all fautlesse. For this my boldnes in advertysing
you being of that wisdom, I praye you to pardon me for it procedith of a good
faithfull mynde towardes you.

“And forasmoche as the said Mt Doctot is of suche acqueyntunce and
familiaritie with many Rufflers and servyng men that yf he knowe this matier
to have proceeded of me though it be but at yot commaundement,I havyng comenly
no greate assistence with me when I go abrode might take perchaunce irrecoverable
harme by hym or his er I were ware. I instantly desire and praye yor good
M'ship that I be not rekened the author of his displeasure. For the trueth of -
all things shalbe knowen sufficientlye by other men and so it were better for
nother he ne any other that ye shall happen to putt in like truste wolde than

1 Letters and Papers, ix., 630.

By the Rev. W. Gilchrist Clark, M.A. 803

make me or any other yo" servant privey of their procedings, yf it were knowen
that I did reveale this matier unto you. Thus knoweth Allmightie God Who

_ have yor good M'ship in his blessed tuition.

“From Royston the xvij of Octobre.
“Yor assuredly faithfull servant Jonn Ap Rick.”

At length the visitation, conducted as it must have been in a
very perfunctory manner, and with the animus which must be
apparent to every reader, was concluded and reported to the King.
The result was the Act which suppressed the smaller monasteries,
#.e., those under £200 annual revenue. Why this distinction was
made is not clear ; the reason assigned is that religion was better
kept in the larger houses than in the smaller: but this is not borne
out by the facts; there is not, either for good or for bad, anything
to choose between the larger and the smaller monasteries.

But the act was passed, and a new court—that of the Augment-
ations, was called into existence to deal with the revenues. It
consisted of a chancellor (Sir Richard Rich), a treasurer (Sir Thomas
Pope), attorney, solicitor, ten auditors, seventeen particular re-
ceivers for special districts, clerk, usher, and messenger, and was
appointed April 24th, 1536.

The next step was to ascertain definitely which houses came
within the fatal limits, and to this end commissions were issued
to three commissioners in each shire, directing them to act with
three others, appointed ex-officio, including the particular receiver
for the shire, in finding out the number, names, revenue, and
character of each house below the yearly value of £200.
The work was done; and the return for Wiltshire—which was
supposed to be lost—has recently, together with those for

_ Gloucestershire, Hampshire, and Bristol, been re-discovered by
_ Fr. Gasquet among the Chantry Certificates in the Record Office,

and published by him in the Dublin Review of April, 1894.3 It

deals with the houses of Maiden Bradley, Farley, Lacock, Kington,

Stanley, Haston, Ederos (or Ivychurch), Poulton, and Marlborough,

and it is noticeable that this report, made by men who certainly
1 Letters and Papers, xiii. (ii.), 1520, i.

2 Td., x., 721.
3 See Appendix A.

304 The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries.

had no temptation to be partial to the monastic orders, gives a
character uniformly good to the Wiltshire houses, even to those of
whom the visitors Layton and Legh had given the most damaging
accounts. For instance, the Prior of Maiden Bradley, who,
according to Layton, had no less than six natural children within
the precincts of his monastery, is described as being, with his
brethren, “‘ by report of honest conversation.”

A clause had been inserted in the Act of Suppression enabling
the King to re-found in perpetuity such of the lesser monasteries
as he thought fit; fifty-two houses thus escaped destruction. In
Wiltshire we find one example—Lacock—which has a grant of
“licence to continue” bearing date January 30th, 1537. Our
opinion of the King’s generosity and his zeal in favour of true
religion, however, is considerably modified when we find that for
“licence to continue” a fine of £300 is paid by Lacock into the
Court of Augmentations, the annual revenue of the house being
£203 gross, or £168 nett.’

The cells, also, of the larger abbeys were for the present spared.
Under this head come the two small houses of Poulton and
Marlborough St. Margaret, which ranked as cells of the great
Gilbertine priory of Sempringham—the order of which Robert,
Bishop of Llandaff, was commendatory master. With these ex-
ceptions, however, all the houses mentioned in this last report dis-
appear, and are only heard of henceforward when the site or part
of the lands are granted to some courtier.

After this there comes—as well there might—a pause; but
neither Henry nor Cromwell in the least abandoned their design of
appropriating all the revenues of the monastic orders; andin April |
or May, 1539, the obliging Parliament granted to the King all ~
such houses, of whatever value, as had already or should hereafter
voluntarily surrender themselves into his hands, or should be for-
feited by attainder of the head. This was the legal justification
which the King and Cromwell wished for, and so well did they
labour in the work of “ persuasion ”’ and attainder, that by the 28th

1 Letters and Papers, xii. (i.), g. 311 (42).

ee

;
:
4
.

By the Rev. W. Gilchrist Clark, M.A. 305

of March, 1540, there was not a religious house standing in
England, so far as I can discover.

Of the internal history of the surviving monasteries during the
period 1536—39 we have little information, though an occasional
glimpse is afforded us by one or another of the letters of Cromwell’s
voluminous correspondence. The picture they reveal to us is one of
steady pressure on the one side by stringent “injunctions,” and
vexatious interference in the internal affairs of houses, brought to
bear by Cromwell and his subordinates with the object of making
existence under such conditions intolerable, and so bringing about
the “voluntary” surrenders by which these houses were to come
into the King’s hands, met by resistance, complaint, or bribery on
the part of the religious—all equally unavailing to deter the
powerful minister from his purpose.

How much trouble could be caused by interference in the affairs
of a religious house we see when we find the Prioress of Wilton
writing at an earlier period—on March 28th, 1533 1—to complain
of the interference of Dr. Hayley (or Hilley), their ordinary, during
a time when the office of abbess was vacant :—

“Ryght honorable In owt most humblest maner I wt my powr systers, yo"
unfaynyd beydwomen ow' convent recommend us hertily unto yowre good
masterschypp, Instantly desyryng you to contynew gud M® unto us accordyng to
owt frynds report. For we stonde and have done long for lack of an heed yn
grett Inquyetnes and danger as God know not only in the dekey lett and
dystoble [t.e., disturbance] of the servyce of God accordyng to ow" relygyon but
also of the dystructyon and dysolatyon of owt monesterye. For we be soe thre-
tonyd by owre ordynarye Master doctot Hylley that we know nott what to doe, he
cummythe to us many tymes and amonge us as he seys he doys butt ordt us aftr
the law but as God know we be unlerneyd [unlearned] and nott wont to so muche
law as he dothe excercyse among us. And by cause that we dyffer suche matters
as he wold that we schuld consent unto the which as we do suppose and thynke
be nother lawfull ne yett profyttable to us ne ow’ howse he doys sore and
grevoslye threton us and haythe hertofor putt us to grett vexatyon and troble
and yett myndythe soe to doe and contynew for he haythe admyttyd to bayre
rule with us yn thys ow’ vacatyon [vacancy (of the office of abbess)] one
Crystopher Whyloybye and other the which Crystopher for hys sobtyll craftye and
false demaners hays hym [? byn] expellyd fyrst by Dame Cecell Whyloybye the
Abbas and then after hys servyce was utterlye refusyd by Isabell Jordane ow® last

1 Wrongly assigned by Gasquet to 1539. Cecile Bodenham, last abbess, was
elected in April, 1534. Letters and Papers, vii., 589 (3).
2 Id., vi., 285.

306 The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries.

Abbas whoys sowls God pardon. And besyde the admyssyon of theis offocers
sv lyght, he haythe dystabelyd neuele ow™ offycers admyttyd by the seyd Isabell
Abbas the which were good and just and accombred and trobelyd menye bothe
of owt fermers and tenents and specyally suche as beyre ther good wylle to theis
ow’ last offecers. And ferdt the xxvijt day of Marche the seyd chanster [? chan-
sler, i.e., chancellor] cam yn to ow™ chapter howse and commawndyd us to geve
ow? consent and to seal a general proxi, wherapon he wold nother suffer us to
consel owt frynds ne yett that anye Indyfferent person sculde declare hytt unto
us as ow’ trustye frynds John Samphort John Garddenar or other shall more
pleynlyer expres unto yot good masterschypp to whome we wold desire you to
take credence, and owre promysys made unto you by ow’ frynds shalbe per-
formyd by the grace of God Whoe preserve you.
“Wrytten at Wylton the xxviijt» dey of Marche.
“Yor deyly bedwomen Jonz GyrFrazt, piores of Wylton wt hyr systers.”

Again, on August 23rd, 1537, one William Popley, writing to
Cromwell on various other matters, says :—!

“T send also a relaxacion of certain Iniunctions for thePrioresse of Ambresbury ;
my fellow Carleton shall declare the matier more at large unto yo good lordship.
1 am the bolder to write therin because I have a suster there who thinkithe I
myght preferre her ladies sutes.”

After a longer or shorter period of such pressure it is not
wonderful that we find houses beginning to give way. The first
result is to be seen in the surrender of Kingswood on February Ist,
1538,2the deed being signed by Thomas Bewdlaie, abbot, Thomas
Reding, prior, and twelve others; pensions being assigned to them
ranging from the abbot’s £50 a year and the prior’s £6 13s. 4d. to
£2 which John Stonley receives, ‘“‘ being no priest.”

The next surrender is a double one, the two cells of the
Gilbertines, Poulton and Marlborough, both falling apparently in
one day, January 16th, 15389; pensions being assigned in the
former case to three inmates, in the latter to five.

Then follows the fall of Bradenstoke, two days later, January
18th, 1539; surrendered to Dr. Tregonwell, the King’s Com-
missioner; followed three days later by the recently re-founded
abbey of Lacock. ‘The inmates of both houses received pensions,
fourteen monks at Bradenstoke, ranging from the prior, William

1 Letters and Papers, xii., (ii.) 570.

2 For the deeds of surrender of the various houses, see Letters and Papers under
the respective dates; and Deputy Keeper’s Eighth Report, App. IT.

By the Rev. W. Gilchrist Clark, WA. 307

Snow, with £60 per annum, to three probably recently professed
brethren, who receive £2 apiece. At Lacock seventeen ladies re-
ceived sums varying from £40 to Johan Temmes, the abbess, and
£5 to Elenor Monmorthe, prioress, to a like minimum of £2.

This was the beginning of the end. The inmates of the Wiltshire
religious houses seem to have become convinced, like the rest of
their brethren, of the inutility of further resistance, and surrender
became only a question of time, delayed for a longer or shorter
period according to the temper and courage of the head in each
insiance.

The nature of the instructions, indeed, issued to those who were
commissioned to receive these so-called “voluntary” surrenders
leaves little doubt of the result which must have followed.!

In addition to the knowledge of this we must remember that the
episcopal jurisdiction over all religious houses had been suspended
since October, 1535; so that everything combined to render the
situation intolerable.

Wilton surrenders on the 25th of March, and Edington on the
30th of the same month. When, however, the Royal Commissioners
arrived at Amesbury, imagining that they would easily there too
accomplish their errand, they met with an unexpected resistance.
Florence Bonnerman, the prioress, absolutely declined to surrender.?

“Pleasith it your goode Lordishippe to be advertised yesterday the surrenders
of the monasteries of Shaftisbury and Wilton being before us taken, we came to
Ambresbury and there communyd w* thabbasse for thaccomplishmente of the
Kings highnes commyssion in lyke sorte, And albeit we have used as many wayes
with her as of poore witts cowde atteyne, yet in theende we cowde not by any
persuasions bringe her to any conformytie but at all tymes she restid and soo
remayneth in thies termes, yf the kings highnes commaunde me to goo from this
howse, I will gladlye goo, though I begge my breade, and as for pension I care
for none, in thies termes she was in all her conversacion praying us many tymes
to trouble her no furth™ herein for she had declared her full mynde in the whiche
we might playnlie gather of her words she was fully fixed befor oT comyng.
This we have thought goode according to our most bounden dueties to signifie
unto yor lordishippe redye w* all our powers to accomplishe that yo

_ lordishippe shall further commaunde us herein. We have sente to Winton

et i eae

1 See Gasquet, Henry VIII. and the Monasteries, ii., 226.
? Letters and Papers, xiv. (i.) 629.

308 The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries.

agayne, and yesterday had aunswet from thens that thabbatt as yet ys
at London, we trust to fynish the reste of the buysynes by yor Lordishippe
comytted unto us before Kaster, and soo w* as moche spede as we may to wayte
uppon yowe and declare the full of all o procedyngs herein, Thus prayeng
Allmyghtie god to have yor Lordishippe in his moste blessyd kepyng from
Ambresbury the xxx‘ of March.
Yor Lordships most bownden
“ JoHN TREGONWELL.
Yor Lordyshipps most bownden
beadsman and servaunt
“WiLLIam PETRE.
Yor Lordschipps allewayes most bounden
“ Joun SMYTH.

At the end of four months, however, their pressure so far pre-
vailed that the prioress announced her resignation “at the King’s
bidding.” ! A successor was appointed—in all probability a mere
figure-head to carry out the royal will—and on the 4th of December
1539, the house was suppressed, the then prioress, Johan Darroll,
receiving a pension of £100 a year, and thirty-three of her sisters
being also pensioned.

On December 15th Malmesbury surrendered, Robert Frampton,
alias Selwin, the abbot, receiving 200 marks a year, and twenty-four
monks sums varying from £13 6s. 8d. to £6.

Thus on December 15th, 1539, fell the last, the richest, and
perhaps the greatest of the Wiltshire monasteries. It only remains
to glance briefly at the way in which the immense mass of wealth,
whether in land or yearly revenue of all kinds, which had be-
longed to the dissolved monasteries, was dealt with. In the first
instance, all monastic property surrendered to the King, came as
a matter of course into the Court of Augmentations, and was
administered so long as the estates actually remained in the King’s
hands, by royal officials, whose accounts are still preserved in the
Augmentation Office. But one by one they were granted either
altogether or piecemeal to courtiers or speculators. Thus, we find
that the possessions of the abbey of Lacock were administered by the
King’s officials during the year or so between January 21st, 1539,
the date of the surrender, and (probably) July 16th, 1540, the date —

1 Cromwell Correspondence, i., 90.

By the Rev. W. Gilchrist Clark, MA. 309

of the payment by W. Sharington, the grantee, of £100, presumably
an earnest of the full sum of £783 odd due.! The price paid in this
case seems to have been fair, though it is not easy to estimate this,
as the whole possessions of Lacock were not granted, and the grants
included part of the late possessions of Amesbury.

The grantees of the various religious houses, and the dates of the
grants, are as follows:—6th June, 1536, Monkton Farley and
Easton were granted to Sir Edward Seymour; 29th June, 1537,
Stanley, to Sir Edward Baynton ; 28th July, 1537, Maiden Bradley,
to Sir Edward Seymour; 10th or 12th March, 1538, Kingswood,
to Sir N. Poyntz; in 31 Henry VIII., Longleat, to Sir J.
Horsey, who disposed of it next year to Sir John Thynne; 20th
June, 1540, Kington St. Michael, to Sir R. Long; July 16th,
1540, Lacock, to W. Sharington; April 1541, Amesbury, to Earl
of Hertford; 33 Henry VIII., Edington, to Sir Thomas Seymour;
(3 Edward VI. to W. Paulet and Lord St. John) ; 35 Henry VIII.,
Wilton, to Sir W. Herbert; 36 Henry VIII., Malmesbury, to
W.Stumpe; Poulton, to T. Stroude, Walter Erle, and John Paget;
and Ivychurch, to J. Barwick; 38 Henry VIII., Bradenstoke, to
R. Pexall; (?) Marlborough St. Margaret, to A. Stringer.

APPENDIX A.

Report on smaller Wiiltshire houses, by Royal Commissioners, ap-
pointed Ist July, 28th Henry VIII. (R.O. Chantry Certificate
No. 100, m. 2.)

Com. Wilts.
[Commissioners :—Henry Longe, Knight; Richard Poulet, Esq.; John Pye;
and William Berners. Their appointment is dated 1st July, 28 Henry VIII.
“ Priory of Mayden Bradley.
“TA] A hedde house of chanons reguler of thorder of Seint Augustyne.
(Former valuation) £180 10s. 4d.; (present valuation) £199 16s, 4d. for

the demaynes of the same.
_ “[B] (Religious) eight—viz., preests six and novesses two by reporte of honeste

1 Record Office, Court of Wards, Box 94, D. 9;

310 The Fail of the Wiltshire Monasteries.

conversacion; wherof desyr contynuance in religion five and to have
capacities three.

“[C] (Servants, etc.) eighteen—viz., wayting servants four ; officers of household
nine; hindes nine; and corodyers two.

“[D] Church and mansion w' all the housing in good reparacion newly re-
payred and amendyd. The lead and bells there estemed to be solde to
£67 10s.

“TE] (Goods) £40 13s. 4d.—viz., juels and plate £18 8s.10d.; ornaments
£12 15s.; and stuffe of household £9 9s. 6d.

“[F) Owynge by the house as particulerly apperyth £191 13s. 10d., and
owinge to the house £54 2s. 8d.

“(G] Greate woodes 1783 Acres, and copys woods 142 Acres all to be solde
esteemed to £160.

*Comons in the forest of Sellewood without nombre.

“ Priory of Farley.

“[A] A hedde howse of Clunasents of Seint Benetts Rule. (Former valuation)
£153 148.23d.; (present valuation) £195 2s. 83d., with £18 4s. 6d. for
the demaynes of the same.

“*[B] (Religious) six all being preests of honest conversacion, holley desyryng
continuance in religion.

“[C] (Servants) eighteen—viz., wayting servants five ; officers,of the household
eight and hinds five.

“[D] Church and mansion with outehouses in convenient state. The lead and
bells viewed and estemed to be sold to £28 8s.

“TE] (Goods) £89 18s.7d., viz., juells and plate £30 3s.3d.; ornaments
£8 15s. 4d.; stuffe of household £10 13s. ; stokkes and stores £39 7s.

“[F] Owing by the house £245 2s.7d. Owing to the house £51 10s.

“[G] Great woods 100 Acres, and copis woods 66 Acres; all to be solde estemed
to £62 16s.

“ Abbey of Lacock.

“TA] A hedde house of nunnes of S. Augusteynes rule, of great and large
buyldings, set ina towne. To the same and all other adjoynynge by com-
mon reaporte a great releef. (Former valuation) £168 9s.2d.; (present
valuation) £194 9s.2d., with £16 3s. 4d. for the demaynes of the same.

“[B] (Religious) seventeen—viz., professed fourteen and novesses three, by
report and in apparaunce of vertuous lyvyng, all desyring to continue religios.

“(C] (Servants) forty-two—viz., chapleyns four; wayting servants three;
officers of household nine; clerk and sexton two; women servants nine;
and hynds fifteen.

“[D] Church, mansion, and all oder houses in very good astate. The lead and
bells there estemed to be sold to £100 10s.

“[E] (Goods) £360 19s.—viz., jewells and plate £64 19s. ; ornaments £17 12s.;
stuff £21 18s.2d.; and stokkes and stoores £257 Os. 10d.

“[F] Owing by the house x2/, and owing to the house zz.

“[G] Great woods #il; copys woods 110 Acres, Estemed to be solde to
£75 Is. dd.

By the Rev. W. Gilchrist Clark, M.A. 311

“ Priory of Kynton.

‘[A] A hedde house of Minchins of Seint Benedictes rule. (Former valuation)
£25 9s.14d.; (present valuation) £35 16s., with 100s. for the demayns of
the same.

“[B] (Religious) four, by reporte of honest conversacion, all desyring con-
tinuance in religion.

“fC] (Servants) eleven—viz., chapleyn one ; clerk one ; women servants four;
wayting servants one; hinds four.

“[D] Church and mansion in good state. The oute houses in summe ruyne
for lacke of coveringe. The lead and bells there estemed to be solde to 105s.

“TE] (Goods) £17 1s.—viz., ornaments 8s. 6d.; stuffe 2s.10d.; and stoores
of corne and catall £12 19s. 8d.

“TF] Owynge by the house £50 and owynge to the house nil.

“[G] Great woods none ; copyswoods 36 Acres ; esteemed to be solde £24.

“ Abbey of Stanley.

“TA] A hedde house of monkes of thordre of Cisteux, of large stronge buylding,
by reporte of all the countre a greate releef. (Former valuation)£177 Os. 8d. ;
(present valuation) £204 3s. 63d., with £32 9s. for the demayns and mille
of the same.

“[B] (Religious) ten—viz., preests nine and novesse one. By reaporte of
honest conversacion, all desyringe contynuance in religion.

“[C] (Servants, etc.) forty-three—viz., scholemaster one: wayting servants,
four ; officers in the house ten; hyndes in divers granges eighteen ; dayery
women three ; and founden of almes seven.

“TD] Church and mansion with all outehouses in a very good state, part newe
buylded. The leade and bells esteemed to £65 10s.

“[E] (Goods) £260 12s.—viz., jewels and plate £42 9s. 2d.; ornaments,
£13 lls. 4d.; stuffe, £14 9s.2d.; stores of cattell £124 3s.8d.; corne
not sewed £65 8s. 8d.

“TF] Owyng by the house £285 5s. 11d, and owing to the house £12 13s. 4d.

-*[G] Great woods and copys woods 269 Acres. Esteemed to be solde to £164.

“ Priory of Pulton.

“A house of Gylbertynes of thordre of Sempryngham, Governor whereof ap-
pered before the seid commyssioners the 28 daye of June. To whome they
gave injunction to appere before the Chauncellor and Councell of the Court
of Augmentacions of the reveneux of the King’s crowne the 6" daye of Julye
the nexte folowynge upon payne of £150.

“ Priory of Eston.

“TA] A hedde house of crosse chanons of Seynt Augustyne’s Rule. (Former
valuation) £42 12s.; (present valuation) £45 14s., with £4 11s. 8d. for
the demaynes.

_ “[B] (Religious) two, being preestes by reaporte of honest conversacion, de-

syringe to continue religious.

“TC] (Servants, &c.) eight—viz., hyndes six, and women servants two.

VOL. XXVIII.—NO. LXXXV, Z

312 The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries.

“[D] Church and mansion in ruyn of default of coveryng and the oute houses
in greate decaye. The leade esteemed to be £6 ; bells in the steple belongon
to the parysh.

““TE] (Goods) £72 3s.4d., viz., jewels and plate £9 18s.10d.; ornaments,
62s. 8d.; stuffe, 31s. 8d.; stores of corne and catell £57 10s. 2d.

“‘[F] Owing by the house, £22 2s.2d. Owyng to the house xii.

“ TG] Great woods the forest of Savernak 50 Acres. And copys woods 6 Acres,
all estemed to be solde to £17 13s. 4d.

“ Priory of Seint Margarett in Marleburgh.

“ A house of Gylbertynes, of thordre of Sempringham Governor whereof is with
the master of thordre in London.

“ Priory of Ederos, alias Ivychurch.

TA] A hedde house of chanons of Seint Augustyne’s rule ; the Church whereof
is the parish church to thinhabitants there of Waddon and the forest of
Claringdon. (Former valuation) £122 18s. 63d. (Present valuation)
£132 17s. 10d., with £10 8s.2d. for the demaynes of the same.

“[B] (Religious) five, viz., preestes four and noves one, by reporte of honest
conversacion, desyringe to continue religious one, and to have capacytes four.

“[C] (Servants, &c.) seventeen—viz. scolemaster one ; officers in household four ;
wayting servants four; children for the church five, and hyndes three.

“{D] Church, mansion, and oute houses in very good state, with moch newe
buylding of stone and breke. Leade and belles none but oonly upon the
church and in the stepall of the parish.

“[E] (Goods) £183 11s.—viz., jewels and plate £54 19s. 2d.; ornaments,
£28 9s. 8d.; stuffe, £11; stokkes and stoores £89 2s. 2d.

“{F] Owinge by the house, #i/, and owynge to the house £14 10s.

“T@] Great woods and underwoods 112 Acres, esteemed to be solde to £186 4s.2d.

“ Summa of the value certified £870 14s. $d.
“Summa of the possessions with £137 4s. 64d. of encrease £1007 18s. 7d.

abyding in the same, forty-five
capacities, seven.

‘¢Summa of the persons and servants, one hundred and fifty-seven.
“ Summa of the leade and bells £273 8s.

“Summa of all the goods £1024 18s. 3d.

* Summa of detes owing by the houses £794 4s. 6d.

“ Summa of detes owing to the houses £132 16s.

* Summa of the woods £639 14s. 10d.”

“ Summa of the religious fifty-two

APPENDIX B.

Dates of surrender of Wiltshire Monasteries, with pensions assigned
to the inmates, and numbers of the latter still in receipt of the same
2 and 8 Philip and Mary

1 These are distinguished by a dagger (f) prefixed to their names.

By the Rev. W. Gilchrist Clark, M.A. 313

(See Eighth Report of Deputy Keeper of Public Records, Appendix
II., and “ Monasticon,” under the names of the several houses.)

To the heads of the smaller houses suppressed without special
“surrender,” in 1536, we find the following pensions assigned on
July 2nd, 1536. (Augmentation Book 282, 21f.)

“© Farelegh, Lewis Breknok, prior ; £24

“ Eston, Henry Bryan, prior; 10 marks

“ Kynton, tMary Dennys, prioress ; 100s.

“ Edoros, beside Salisbury, Richard Page, prior; in lieu of £21
prebend and rectory of Uphaven, Wilts.

“ Stanley, Thos Calne, abbot ; £24

“ Maiden Bradley, Richard Jennyn, prior ; £24.”

Kingswoed.
Surrendered Ist February, 1538.
Signatures :
“p me Willm Beudeley Abbatt p me Nicolau Hampton Supp’or
mon. de Kyngyswode Wyllm Parear
p me Thoma Reding priorem Nicolas Actu
John Westberi __ Edwardus Erlynga
Johem Gethyn curatu . Thomas Orcharde
Willm Wotton gran Johe Stanley
Willm Heughes +Thomas Saymaure converse”
Jhem Sudbery
Pensions assigned same day
“ W. Bewdlaie late abbot
Thomas Reding prior
John Westbury monk
John Gethin curate of the parish
William Wotton granator
William Hewghes
John Sodbury
Nicholas Hampton sub prior
William Pakker
Nicholas Acton sellerer
Edward Ernyngham sexton
1 Thomas Orcharde
John Stonley being no prest
Signed,

or
ORE RE EKER EPRE RASCH
ooocornooocooLef ea BO

Jo. TREGONWELL
Thomas Lawrence? converse N. Poyntz
sent to another house with £1 JoHN Poyntz
JOHN FREMAN
Epwakp Gostwyk ”

1 Called in Augmentation Book 232, ii., f. 14 b, Thomas Lacoke,
2 Pp =Saymaure.
Zz 2

314 The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries.

Pulton.
Surrendered 16th January, 1539.
Signatures :
“pb me Thoma Lynwoode P’ior p me Herycu Drap’
p me John Hog”
Pensions same day :
“ Thos. Lenewode prior £
Hen. Draper
John Hogge to serve the cure there with,
or if he wax unable or be removed
Signed,
Wm. Petre”

bo oh oO
onoeo
onwoo

Marlborough St. Margaret.
Pensions assigned January 16th, 1539.

“John Sympson prior £10 0 0
Edward Sparke 213 4
John Rodley 213 4
Thomas Welborne 213 4
John Tangell 213 4
Rodley to serve the cure at Kenes with £3 6 8 more

Signed,

THomMAS CRUMWELL
JoHN TREGONWELL
Witu1am Prrre
Joun SuytH”

Bradenstoke.
Surrendered 18th January, 1539.
Signatures :
“p me Willm Snowe p’orem p me Richardu Thomsun
Thoma Pen suppr’orem Edwardu Breuer
Jacobu Cole John Plasterer
Thoma Mason John Hancoke
Raduluum Hyll Georgiu Notynga
Toma Messyng’ Thoma Smyth
Ricardu Ware dom Jacobu Wycam”

Pensions assigned :
“ Willm Snowe p’ior £60

Thoms Penne
Thoms Mason
Rafe Hyll
George Notyngham
Edward Bruer
Thom’s Messenger

Sanaa ow
WBRODAGAOCO
PwOOMMOSO

:

By the Rev. W. Gilchrist Clark, M.A. 315

James Wykam £413 4
Richard Ware 4 0 0
Richard Tomson 6 6 8
John Playsterer 2 0 0
Thoms Baker 20 0
John Hancock 20 0

James Cole to be curate of Lynam with £6 13 4
or if he relinquishes it, £5

Signed,
THos. CRUMWELL
JOHN TREGONWELL
WILLIAM PETRE
JoHN SmyTH ”’
Lacock.

Surrendered January 21st, 1539.

[No signatures. ]

Pensions :

“+Johane Temmes, Abbess £40 0 0
Elenor Monmorthe, Prioress 5 0 0
Anne Brydges 4 0 0
Amys Patsall 4 0 0
Elyn Benett 4 0 0
Margarett Legetton 3 6 8
Elsabeth Wylson 3 6 8
Elsabeth Baynton 3.6 8

tAgnys Bygner 3.6 8
Margarett Welshe 3 6 8
Johane Marshall 3 0 0

}Elsabeth Wye 3.0 0

+EHlenor Basdale 213 4

+Anne Trace 213 4

+Scoleast Hewes 200
Elenor Maundrell 2 00

+Tomesyn Jerves 2 0 0

Signed,
Jo. TREGONWELL
WILLIAM PRTRE
JoHN SmyTH”
Wilton.
Surrendered 25th March, 1539.
[No signatures. ]
Pensions :
“ Cecily Bodenham abbess £100 and certain houses

+Johane Kente p’ores £10 0 0

316 The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries.

Johane Trowe £6 13
Alys Brabston 6 13
Margarett Zouche 6 13

}Kat’yne Brabonde
Alis Brabonde
tCecyll Savage
tJohan Forgett
Elinor Auntell
Alis Langton
Isabell Novyll
tThomasyn Andrewys
Mary Burbage
Cecyll Lamberte
Alys Hussey
+Johan Bonehme
tCrystyan Willoughby
Mary Gylman
Johan Serbyngton
Crystyan Wodelonde
+Dorothe Lacell
+Mulyer Chenye
+Johan Stylman
tHlizabethe Morgridge
Lora Staunter
Kath’yne Auntell
}tDorathe Moggerige
tAnne Dancye
+Ursula Flornyng (Flemyng]
tDorathe Kelwaye
tJohan Bonasye

=

SOTO SCSSCeCCOSC CC CO AWAARRWOOS
cooooooocosooooomew~maamanmnnwmnooqoceorfLe Fb FE Be

REE PES SSSR EAATANMNAAMAMAMAARAARAAAARVQD

Anne Asshe
Signed,
RycHarpD RycuHe,”
Edington.
Surrendered March 31st, 1539.
Signatures :
“p me Paulem Bushe rectorem p me dom | Johem Morgan
p me Johem Scott con. p me dnm Johem Webbe
p me dnm Johem Chandler p me Johem Payne
p me Ricardu Phyllips p me Thoma Button
p me Thoma Yates p me Thoma Alyne
p me Johem Noble p me Wyllm Wythers

p me Robtu Hende”
Pensions assigned :
“Paul Bushe, rector £100 O O
John Scott 10 0 0

By the Rev. W. Gilchrist Clark, M.A. 317

John Chandler £8 0 O
Richard Phyllypps 613 4
Thomas Yeats 613 4
John Noble 6 0 O
John Morgan 6 0 0
John Webbe 6 0 0
John Payne 6 0 0
Thomas Button 6 0 0
Thomas Alyne 6 0 0
W. Withers 40
Robert Head 613 4
Signed,

Jo. TREGONWELL

WILLIAM PETRE

JoHN SMYTH”

Amesbury.

Surrendered 4th December, 1539.
[No signatures |
Pensions assigned :

* Johanne Darroll prioresse
Christian’ Ildesley subprioresse
Edith Curteys
Margery Hunton
Johanne Horner

+Anne Newman
Anne Preduaux

+Margarett Warder

fElizabeth Aleyn

yAgatha Sydnam
Johanne Dawse

tElizabeth Phetyplace

Johanne Antyle

yAnne Bulkeley
Agnes Kyngesmylle
Johanne Rolande

+Elizabeth Exhurst

+Margarett Beynbrigge
Sibyl? Ingelffeld
+Julyan’ Apprice

tAlis Giffard
Margarett Beche

tBrygett Popley

+Margarett Acton

Dorothy Goderde

+Katheryn’ Flewellyn

+Cecely Ayres

th
_
(o>)
i=)
_

oooo o0 wo

—
oooowooococoocecqoooeo

SEER hLAADEaAAKBANENMEAAAAAaANAH
Soo Oo = Sooo Oo SiS OS O10 S'O.O.0 SiS OC OOS

~
~~

318

The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries.

Mary Cursyn
Mary Perse
+Brygett Clynton
+Alis Hugan
Johanne Spadarde
Anne Yate
+Sibille Antell
Signed,

Malmesbury.

Surrendered December 15th, 1539.
Pensions :

“Robert Frampton alias Selwin abbot
Walter Stacye sen. steward of land and chamberer £13 6

John Codrington B.D. prior

Walter Sutton B.D. sub-prior
Thomas Tewkesburye sen.

Philippe Bristowe sen.

John Gloucester sen. and tierce prior
Richard Pilton steward to thabbott
John Cantine warden of the chapel
Rauff Sherwood sen.

Richard Asheton sen. and farmerer
Antonie Malmesburie sen. and subsexton
Will. Alderley

Thomas Dorseleye

Thomas Gloucester

John Horseley chaunter

Thomas Stanley pitancier

Will. Brystowe

Thomas Froster prest and student
Robert Elmore prest

Will. Wynchecombe

Will. Bysley

£

ARE EPR
Soo oo oo
coo os oo

Rozsert SouTHWELL
Ricagpu PovuLetT
WILLizeLMu BEBNERS”

200 marks.
8

10 0 O
10 0 O
613 4
613 4
613 4
613 4
8 0 0
6 0 0
6 0 0
6 0 0
6 0 0
6 0 0
6 0 0
6 00
6 0 0
6 0 0
6 0 0
6 0 0
6 0 0
6 0 0

Also the said abbott to have one tenement in the high strete
within the towne of Brestowe late in the tenure of Thomas
Harte and one garden lying in the suburbes of the said towne
ageinst the crosse called red crosse late in the tenure of the
said Thomas Harte for terme of lyffe of the said late abbott

sine aliquo inde reddendo.
Signed,

Ropert SoUTHWELL
Epwarp CARNE
JoHn Lonpon
WILL. BEENERS.”

Notes on Places Visited by the Society in 1895. 319

Note——The hospital of Edington should have been described as
the only house of Bon-hommes in England except Ashridge, in
Bucks, whence it received its first master.

The order to which the small priory of Easton belonged is not
quite certain. Tanner calls them canons or freres of the Trinitarian
Order: the report given above, in App. A., calls them “ crosse
chanons.” That they were not friars seems clear from their in-
clusion in that report, which deals with monks only.

Hotes on Places Gisited bp the Society

m 1895.
By Harotp Braxspgar, A.R.1.B.A.

SuHELDoN Manor Howse.

;HE manor of Sheldon was given by Henry III. to Sir W.

de Godarville and his heirs—the last of whom left two

daughters co-heiresses, one of whom married Sir Geoffrey Gascelyne,

who became, in the right of his wife, Lord of the manor of Sheldon
and hundred of Chippenham, 1250.)

Probably shortly after this time the whole house was re-built ;
but unfortunately none of it exists except the porch, which is an
excellent example of the period, and is the earliest piece of truly
domestic architecture in this part of the county. The porch itself
is vaulted with diagonal ribs, of semi-octagonal section, resting on
attached corner shafts with moulded caps. The outer doorway is
of two plain members broadly chamfered, flanked by double angle
buttresses finished at the top by gablets; it has a double lancet
window in the west wall with trefoil heads, now unfortunately
blocked up. Above is a parvise known as “ the Priest’s Chamber,”
entered by a small segmental-headed doorway in the east wall; the

1 Wilts Arch. Mag., iii., 28.

320 Notes on Places Visited by the Society in 1895.

original wrought iron door hinges still exist, but the door is more
recent. The roof is original—an open one of arched rafters, resting
on a moulded wall-plate and a moulded timber cornice on the
outside under the eaves. There is a two-light pointed window in
the gable over the entrance, and one small square-headed loop in
each side wall: the one on the east being now blocked up by the
present fifteenth century gable, shows that originally the outside
wall was more recessed at this point than at present.

In the fifteenth century the heiress of the Gascelynes, Christina,
married Edward Hayles, and afterwards sold the property to Walter,
Lord Hungerford, 1424; and to him may be ascribed the next
alterations in the house; which, so far as now remain, were not ex-
tensive,—the before-mentioned gable to the right of the porch,
in which remains the cusped head of a two-light window, is all that
can with certainty be ascribed to that date, except the now desecrated
chapel detached from the house to the east. This is an interesting
specimen of a simple domestic chapel—rectangular on plan, with
a two-light pointed east window, a two-light square-headed window
in the south wall and a single-light square-headed window in the
north wall—all cusped; although at various times there have been no
less ‘than four different doorways there are no remains of the original
entrance. The roof is original, with a main couple at each end and
one in the centre; each had a collar at half height, which has been
since cut away. ‘There is a single purlin on each side supported
by curved wind-braces. The gables were finished with barge-boards,
and not stone coping like the house, which may indicate that the
original roofing material was thatch.

The house was almost entirely re-built in its present form in the
reign of James I. or Charles I., and the fine old oak staircase and
the hall with the windows lighting both, remain unaltered. In one
of the rooms upstairs is the only fireplace of this date remaining.

The house receives a very short notice from Aubrey! about this
time :—‘ Sheldon-Farme—Part of the possessions of the Lord
Hungerford’s, where, in the windows, when I was a boy, were

1 Jackson's Aubrey, p. 78.

ee a

By Harold Brakspear, A.RI.B.A. 321

severall of the Scutcheons.”’ Probably the windows referred to
were the earlier medizval windows of the hall.

The Hungerfords sold the property in 1684 to Sir Richard Kent,
M.P. for Chippenham, who in turn sold it to Sir Richard Hart, of
Hanham, near Bath; in twelve years it again changed hands, and
was bought by Mr. Norris, of Lincoln’s Inn. He seems to have
made considerable alterations, as a number of the windows are of
this date, as well as two large fireplaces on the first floor and the
quaint sundial on the gable of the porch.

A curious arrangement of the medieval house is a large water
trough built into the thickness of the wall just within the inner
door of the porch, probably used to water horses, which were in
those days conveyed from the front to the back of the house, be-
hind the screens of the hall, through the so-called horse-passage.

The large gate-piers and flight of stone steps up to them, of the
seventeenth century, are worthy of notice, and testify to the de-
parted importance of this interesting old house.

Sr. Marcarer’s. Yarron KEYNELL.

Although the “restorer” has been hard at work here, there yet
remains a good deal of the old Church that is of interest.

The earliest part of the present building dates from the thirteenth
century, and consists of the arch into the tower and the wall above
to the height of the nave roof, and the little trefoil-headed piscina
in the chancel, though whether this is 7m sitw or not is doubtful.

Early in the fifteenth century the whole Church seems to have
been re-built, and consisted of chancel and nave with north porch

and western tower. Of this re-building the chancel arch remains
- untouched, with the handsome stone screen—or, as Aubrey! calls it,

“the partition between the Church and Chancell of very curious
Gothique worke in freestone.” In the lower panels are the arms of
Yeovilton, Keynell, and Chaderton. The reveals of the arches to
the eastern windows on either side the nave are panelled, but the
one to the south has lost its tracery, which was removed when the
aisle was added on that side. To the east of this window are the

1 Jackson's Aubrey, p. 120.

322 Notes on Places Visited by the Society in 1895.

remains of a circular staircase which led to the rood loft and
eriginally showed externally.

The north porch is a handsome piece of work, and has in each
side wall a curious little square window, which was originally
quatrefoiled, but the cusps have been chopped away.

The tower—very similar to two others we shall see to-day, viz.,
Nettleton and West Kington—is square on plan, without angle
buttresses, or west doorway ; it is divided into four stages by string
courses, the topmost being panelled into three divisions on each face,
the centre division pierced for the belfry windows, which were pro-
tected by perforated traceried stone slabs, only one of which remains,
in the south window. The sizes of the walling stones are remark-
able, many being over 5ft., and one 7ft. in length; these doubtless
were procured from the quarries in the immediate neighbourhood,
one of which still belongs to the glebe, but is not at present worked.

At the end of the fifteenth or beginning of the sixteenth century —
the south aisle was added: one of the side windows is original
ex cept the heads of the lights, but the other two are restorations.

The little vestry on the north side of the chancel is modern, but
the priest’s door of the fifteenth century now connects it with the
chancel.

The chancel itself is mostly modern, but retains the fifteenth
century gable cross at the east end. The old chancel was for many
years used as a school, and among the pupils of the seventeenth
century was the often-quoted authority, John Aubrey,! who says of —
this Church that “ the pulpit is of stone the most curious carving in —
our country”; also “I have heard my grandfather say that when —
he went to school in this Church, in the 8. windowe of the Chancell —
were several escutcheons.”’

The stone pulpit, unfortunately, is no more, and doubtless gave
place in the last century to the box-like structure which now serves
for that purpose.

Sr. Mary’s. NETTLETON. .
The Church of Nettleton parish is situated in the hamlet of —
1 Jackson's Aubrey, p. 121.

By Harold Brakspear, A.RIB.A. 323

Burton, and -is one of the most interesting Churches included in
this year’s programme. It consists of chancel, with north chapel,
nave, with north aisle, north and south porches and a western tower.

The earliest feature of the Church is the circular font of Norman
work, the lower part of which is formed like a scallop-capital with
fish-scale ornamentation above.

The Norman Church which existed before the present one was
built, probably consisted of a chancel and nave, with north aisle
divided by an arcade, but none of it exists.

The present arcade is the most curious feature in the Church.
Although apparently Norman, upon examination it appears to be
no earlier than the fourteenth century, most of the caps having
some distinguishing feature of that date, intermixed with well-
known forms of Norman ornament. The arches are obviously
fourteenth century, of two plain chamfered members, and labels
with terminals of carved heads. But the Norman features in the
caps would lead to the supposition that the present arcade was a
bad copy of an earlier Norman one.

The external walls of the nave and aisle are those of the re-built
Church of the fourteenth century. The south doorway—an early
example little removed from Early English—is of two orders of
mouldings, with continuous arch and jambs undivided by capitals,
and has a curious little canopied niche over the apex, with flanking
buttresses, in which are carved two small human figures. There is
a contemporary window of a single light, with cusped head, in the
north wall, and remains of the lower part of a similar window in
the west wall of the aisle.

The fourteenth century aisle terminated in a line with the chancel
arch; the eastern termination is well marked on the outside by a
shallow corner buttress, similar to the one at the west end. On the
inside the difference is marked by the change in styles of the roof;
that over the western part being the original one of the fourteenth
century, with arched rafters resting on a wall-plate ornamented at
intervals with dog-tooth—while that to the east is similar to the
others of the fifteenth century over the rest of the Church. Both
roofs, however, are unfortunately plastered up on the underside of

324 Notes on Places Visited by the Society in 1895.

the arched rafters. As the rectory was on the north side the priest’s
door is in this wall, and has over it externally a curious little
projecting hood. When the aisle was lengthened the original
three-light east window with reticulated tracery was re-constructed
in the present fifteenth century east wall, and the square-headed
three-light windows inserted in the north wall, and two in the south
wall of the nave; the eastern one of the latter has a delicately-
executed niche in its east reveal.

The chancel—re-built about the same time—has two two-light
traceried square-headed windows in the south wall, and retains
the original fifteenth century roof. Above the chancel arch is a
picturesque little sanctus bell-cot with panelled sides surmounted
by a short broach spirelet with foliated finial.

The transept-like projection on the south side is curiously
arranged so as not to interrupt the roof of the nave internally,
which is carried on a heavy moulded beam supported on corbelled
heads ofa king and queen. The pointed window in the south wall
is early Perpendicular in character, of three lights, and very
beautifully proportioned. The panelled stone pulpit, with carved
cornice of rather rough workmanship, is entered by a twisted
staircase in the north-west angle of this projection.

The north porch is very handsome. It is richly vaulted inside,
and externally is surmounted by a panelled and battlemented
parapet. On the cornice beneath are a number of grotesques, and
in the wall below are projecting gargoyles to carry off the roof
water, two at each side. A much-worn stoup for holy water is
against the inner doorway. The door itself is the original one, —
and is formed of very heavy pieces of timber thickly studded with — |
nails, and still retains a large handle and escutcheon of the original —
iron work. The south porch—now used as a vestry—has an open
timber roof of the fifteenth century, similar to the others in the ¢
Church, but here all the rafters are uncovered by plaster or white- —
wash, so that the full beauty of the design may be seen. &

The tower is the second we have seen to-day of this type, andis
by far the finest of the three we shall see. Unlike the others this |
has angle buttresses and western doorway. Over the latter isa —

By Harold Brakspear, A.R.ILBA. 825

quaint little stone hood forming a shallow porch. The parapets
are panelled and the top stage has the triple panels as at Yatton,
but here all the perforated stone slabs remain in the belfry windows.
There is a seventeenth century brass in the floor of the nave aisle.
A well-designed mural tablet on the north wall of the chancel is
to the memory of the Rev. 8. Arnold, and has, on a brass plate
beneath, the following :—

” s

“This plate was designed to commemorate the injury sustained by the above
monument from lightning on the 25th day of April last, and to record the
esteem in which the memory of the Rev. S. Arnold is still held by his represent-
atives. Novr., 1842.” '

Although the monument is much cracked, no injury seems to have
been done to the Church, which is curious.

Sr. James’s. Norra WRAXALL.

The oldest part of this Church is the south doorway of early
twelfth century work. This has a detached nook shaft in either
jamb with cushion caps, surmounted by a semi-circular arch of two
members, the outer rim ornamented with chevrons and a label with
large bead ornamentation. All the rest of the Church appears to
have been re-built in the thirteenth century, and consisted of nave,
chancel, and western tower.

The east window of the chancel is a triple lancet of very simple
design. Two single lancets are in the north wall, and an original
priest’s doorway with good label mould is in the south wall, but
blocked up. ‘The square-headed windows on each side of the door
were inserted towards the end of the fourteenth century—the eastern
one is of three lights and has a piscina cut in the sill—the western
one is of two lights. The arch between the chancel and nave is
unusually wide, being the full width of the former; it is of two
members, plainly chamfered, without caps, and stopped with
pyramidal stops above the ground. In conjunction with the arch
on either side in the nave wall are projecting string-courses, about
25ft. long and 8ft. above the floor, to carry the ends of the destroyed
rood-loft.

In the south wall of the nave is a fine three-light window with

326 Notes on Places Visited by the Society in 1895.

flowing tracery, surmounted by a gable springing from the eaves of
the nave roof. The south porch seems to have been added at the
sametime. The outer doorway has been much cut about and altered,
but the label mould still remains. The roof is original, of open
arched rafters resting on a wall-plate ornamented with dog-tooth at
intervals, similar to that of the aisle at Nettleton. The stone seats
on each side are original.

The square-headed two-light window of the nave west of the
porch is of the same date, with its tracery cut out, but indications
on the head, jambs, and mullion show it to have been similar to
the two-light window in the chancel.

The tower is divided from the nave by a very curious arch,
consisting of three chamfered members towards the nave whilst it
is quite flat towards the tower. The opening in the clear is only
about 5ft.

The belfry has a two-light window in each face; the mullion of
the north one is formed out of part of a thirteenth century shaft
and base, presumably the remains of the original treatment instead
of the plain mullions. There is one lancet in the west face to light
the ground-floor, and one above into the ringing-chamber on the
west and south faces. There is one bell inscribed :—

“Mr, Thomas Ford and Joseph Oriel Churchwardens 1765.
J. Bilbie fecit.”

The font is octagonal and of the fourteenth century.

The pulpit is of wood, of James the First’s time, and is handsomely
carved as well as the sounding-board, which is original, but un-
fortunately the whole has been heavily painted and grained. There
is a large chest of the same time and work under the tower.

The last, but not least, addition to the Church is the large
mortuary chapel of the Methuen family, on the north side of the
nave, erected about 1793. The ceiling is painted with various coats
of arms arranged very ingeniously into a genealogical tree. This
chapel must have superseded an earlier chapel or aisle, as Aubrey
mentions various monuments as occurring in the “ North Aisle.”!

1 Jackson's Aubrey, p. 117,

By Harold Brakspear, A.RIB.A. 327

Near the Church and just below the present rectory house is an
old house with a two-light fifteenth century window, with cusped
heads to the lights and flat label over, the whole is of exceedingly
good workmanship and apparently in sitw; but now blocked up.
On the same house one of the gables is terminated by an octagonal
open-work finial similar to those on the George Inn at Norton St.
Philip.

BIDDESTONE.

The present parish of Biddestone was formerly divided into two
parishes, namely, St. Peter’s and St. Nicholas’, both of which had
a Church of their own.

Sr. Perzr’s. In Aubrey’s time this was “ lamentably ruined and
converted into a barne but was formerly a pretty little Church and,
about the beginning or a little before the late warres was [held] not
only Prayers but also Communions.”’! This Church was taken down
about 1840, and the bell-turret is preserved in the grounds of Castle
Combe. Fortunately careful measured drawings were taken just
before its demolition and show that it was mostly of fifteenth
century work and consisted then of nave and south porch—the
chancel and a chapel on the north side having been destroyed
previously.2 The present Rector (Rev. J. A. Johnson) has kindly
gone to the trouble and expense of endeavouring to find the foun-
dations of the Church; but apparently the demolition was so
complete that nothing now remains; nevertheless the thanks of
the Society are due to him, and if anything had been found
doubtless the whole would have been opened up for this occasion.

Sr. Nicnonas. This is a small but interesting building, and
consists of nave with south porch and chancel with bell-turret and
an addition to the east which is said to have been built with stones
from the destroyed St. Peter’s.

The south doorway is the earliest part in situ, and is a good but

1 Jackson's Aubrey, p. 53.
2 Pugin’s Architectural Examples, vol. III.
VOL. XXVIII.—NO. LXXXV. 2a

328 Notes on Places Visited by the Society in 1895.

simple example of a round-headed doorway of the end of the eleventh
century, with a flat tympanum on which is carved in low relief a
contemporary cross. The jambs have had a detached shaft in each
with characteristic capitals. The circular font is of the same date,
and is ornamented with a bold raised chevron pattern on the upper
part and is finished at the bottom with a torus band, forming the
base.

The chancel comes next in date, and is of the thirteenth century,
with a single-light lancet window in each side wall. The east end
was destroyed when the extension was added, and no known drawing
exists to show the original termination. In the next century the
two-light window was inserted in the south wall and the ogee-
headed low-side window in the north wall.

The lower part of the bell-turret is of the thirteenth century, but
the spirelet and top string-course are fifteenth century. The whole
is similar in style to that of the destroyed Church, but earlier in
date. The chancel arch is fifteenth century, and whether it was
inserted under the old bell-turret, or the turret itself taken down
aud re-built above the new work is a questionable point.

The north doorway of the nave—now partly built up—is of
thirteenth century date, but all the rest of the outer walls are
fourteenth century. The outer doorway of the south porch is of
that date, with hood-mould and gable over of the next century.
The small two-light window in the west wall of the porch—now
partly destroyed—was similar to the adjoining two-light window
in the nave.

The arch jambs and hood-mould of the fourteenth century west
window remain, but all the tracery has been destroyed. It was
probably divided into three lights. At each angle of the west end
is a curious buttress-like projection about 2ft. above the floor-level,
square on plan, only connected at one angle with the angle of the
nave, and finished off at the top by being weathered both ways.

In the fifteenth century the nave was re-roofed, and the large

square-headed four-light window was inserted in the south wall; =

one jamb of the older window which this replaced is still traceable
towards the east.

By Harold Brakspear, A.RI,B.A. 329

‘
Sr. Tuomas a Becxer’s. Box.

With the exception of the south aisle of the nave most of the
present walls are those of the original fourteenth century Church,
which consisted of chancel with vestry on the north side, central
tower, and nave with north aisle, and is said by the late Canon
Jackson to have been built by the Bigod family, who were lords of
the manor from Henry the Third’s time to 14 Edward III.}

The chancel, which, as usual, was commenced first, has an early
three-light east window of trefoil-headed lancets which has been
considerably altered, especially internally. The priest’s doorway
is in the south wall, and of the same date.

Unfortunately “the three gradual seats” of Aubrey’s time have
left no evidence of their existence. The window in the south wall
is a fifteenth century insertion. Externally, on the north side, are
remains of a window—presumably of the same date, over which is
a small gable.

The vestry is entered from the chancel by a pointed doorway
with fifteenth century door, and retains a small pointed window in
the north gable, now blocked up, and a small two-light square-
headed window of fifteenth century date in the east wall.

The tower arches are original, and the original work of the
fourteenth century continues up to the belfry stage. The projecting
spiral staircase on the north side is an addition of the next century,
when the top of the tower was completed and the spire added. The
doorway from the Church—now blocked up—to this staircase is
quite distinguishable through the plaster.

The most interesting portion is the north aisle—the eastern bay
of which is stone-vaulted and has a three-light original window on
the north, but none on the east. The arcade is very massive for
the style, especially as there is no evidence to show that there ever
was any intention to vault any part of the aisle excepting the east
bay. The arcade was built at twice, as shown by the junction in
the work over the centre pier and in the different sections of the
arch mouldings. On the exterior the angle buttresses remain at

1 Jackson's Aubrey, p. 55.
2A2

330 Notes on Places Visited by the Society in 1895.

each end; but the centre portion of the wall has been re-built in
Georgian times, when the great Doric porch and the pseudo-Gothic

window on each side were added. Although the tracery of the west |

window is fifteenth century, the rerearch is fourteenth century.
The west gable of the nave is of the same date—fourteenth
century. One of the original buttresses with steep weathering
remains on the north side, but the corresponding one to the south
was destroyed when the modern staircase to the gallery was built
at the time the aisle was added. The west window arch with label
is original, with fifteenth century tracery put in at the same time as
the square-headed doorway below, which has well and richly-carved
spandrils.
The font is fifteenth century, octagonal on plan, and very similar
in design to that at Corsham.
'The south aisle was added in 1840, in a very poor type of
Perpendicular.

Hasetpury House.

The present house is in plan practically that of the fifteenth
century, built, as Leland says, by “old Mr. Boneham’s father,”’ but
the upper part of the walls, gables, and chimney are mostly seven-
teenth century of the time of the Spekes with modern sash windows
inserted in place of many of the mullioned ones.

Upon examination the fifteenth century plan is easily traced,
and closely resembles those of the contemporary manor houses of
South Wraxall and Great Chalfield. A hall of one storey occupies
the centre (now cut up into separate rooms), and is flanked at each
end by a two-storied cross wing projecting beyond the hall both
front and back. The hall would be originally entered through a
porch, on the site of the present entrance, which has entirely dis-
appeared. The two-storied wing to the right would be occupied,
as at present, by the kitchen offices on the ground-floor, but appears
to have had a room of considerable importance on the floor above,
as there yet remains a buttress in the centre of the front gable
corbelled out at the top to carry an oriel, as at Bewley and Chalfield.
At the back of this wing, facing the inner court, is a good specimen

(
‘

By Harold Brakspear, A.RIB.A. 331

of a fifteenth century window of four divisions with heavy centre
mullion and pointed arched heads to the lights, without cusps.
There are scanty evidences of a similar window in the outside wall
of the same room. There are also two or three original arched
doorways in this part of the house. But the most interesting
feature of the fifteenth century is at the other end of the hall, where
still remains the great arch of the oriel, which, unlike those at
Wraxall and Chalfield, went the full height of the building. The
arch is four-centred and panelled on the soffit; but there are no
remains of the oriel itself. Opposite this arch on the other side of the
hall is a corresponding panelled arch of smaller dimensions opening
into a square recess lighted by a four-light window similar to that
in the kitchen wing. In the wall to the left of the window is a
small arch panelled like the rest, which led to the staircase. The
opposite wall of the recess has been cut through to form a modern
passage at the back of the hall.

The staircase dates from the seventeenth century (though probably
occupying the position of the original one), and is lighted by a
couple of two-light double-transomed windows stepped to follow
the stairs and one of a single-light in the angle next the recess just
described. There is evidence that the adjoining building continued
further north and has since been pulled down.

To the east of the fifteenth century house is a good-sized house
of the seventeenth century, which—although now detached—is
supposed originally to have been connected with the main building.
It is of three stories in height, and is entered through an arched
doorway in the centre of the front with a three-light window on
either side. There is a handsome contemporary fireplace in one of
the upper rooms.

On the north side of the house, enclosing the gardens, is a high
coped wall, with circular bastions at each end battlemented at the
top, with a walk all round on the inside. In front of the houseis a
large walled forecourt in the south wall of which are the principal
entrance-gate piers, surmounted by richly-carved urns on which are
shields of arms of Speke impaling and quartering Mayney. In the
lower part of each pier on the inside is a quaint little recessed seat in

332 Notes on Places Visited by the Society in 1895.

aniche. In each side wall isa good gateway with large balls on the
top of the piers. There is another gateway on the opposite side of
the present farm-yard to the main gates, and the lower parts of the
piers remain near Chapel Plaister of yet another large gate.

Haselbury was originally a parish distinct from Box, and had a
Church dedicated to St. Anne, which is supposed to have stood in
a field at a little distance from the house in which stone coffins
have been found.

CHAPEL PLAISTER.

This interesting little chapel, or rather hospice, situated at the
west end of Corsham Ridge, half-way between Lacock and Bath,
on the line of an old road, and also on the road from Corsham to
Bradford, was for a long time notorious as the headquarters of
Tom Baxter, the highwayman, in the last century.

The earliest part of the existing building is of the fifteenth
century, but was much altered later in the same century. The
original building consisted of hospital and chapel, with a chamber
for the priest in attendance on the north side. It was all on the
ground-floor, with no upper story, and is easily distinguished by
the boldly-moulded plinth which surrounds it. The later fifteenth
century alterations were considerable, and consisted principally in
widening the hospital—or western portion—and adding thereto an
upper floor entered by a twisted staircase in the south-west angle,
whilst the priest’s chamber was also raised by the addition of a
room above; the west porch was also added, and some windows
inserted in the chapel, with new roofs throughout. With one or
two slight alterations the building remains as at that time, although -
it has passed through many changes—first 1t was used as a dwelling-
house, when the Queen Anne fireplace on the upper floor and the
two windows of the same date on each side the building were
inserted ; afterwards it became a bakery, evidence of which, in the
shape of a large stone oven at the east end remained till the late
restoration; but it ceased to be used for any other purpose than a
lumber shed many years ago.

The east end of the chapel is finished on the inside by a reredos,

Ghap el DLaister

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over inney

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West Door. os

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shasta “ WN zt
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By Harold Brakspear, ARRIBA. 333

formed of three canopied niches. The centre one has a curious
projecting semi-circular back, behind which and within the buttress
that runs up the centre of the gable outside is a large circular
flue, up which a lantern was hoisted on dark nights to guide
wayfarers, which must have been visible at a great distance. In
either side wall is a small two-light window with ogee-head, of the
original work. Two stone arches springing from semi-octagonal
corbels in the side walls originally carried a stone slab roof, which
was removed, as well as the upper part of the arches, when the
building was raised; but the lowest and projecting course of slabs
still shows on the outside of the chapel and priest’s chamber as well,
so that probably the whole of the original roofs were constructed in
this way. Two narrow two-light windows were inserted on either
side just against the east end during the later fifteenth century
alterations; that to the south is blocked up, and the head with a
flat moulding cut on is all that is visible.

The hospice portion, except the west wall, contains nothing of
the original work, as both side walls were re-built to widen this part
—as is evident at the north-west corner, where the original plinth
stops and returns into the wall at about 2ft. from the present angle.
The west doorway is four-centred within a square head, between
which are well-carved spandrils with a shield in each. Above the
door, but much out of centre, is a boldly-projecting niche with
eanopied head and the sides pierced with cusped headed openings.
It is supposed to have been intended to hold a lamp; if so it isa
_ curious and early example of the familiar light over the door of a
modern hotel. The gable above is finished by a simple stone bell-
cot of the later fifteenth century work. In the south wall, on the
inside, are two arches, the western one was the entrance to the
staircase turret-—now destroyed—which gave access to the upper
floor through the now blocked-up ogee-headed doorway above.
’ The eastern arch seems to have been merely a recessed seat. In
the same wall further east is another doorway, on the west side of
which is a two-light window with four-centred arched heads with
no cusps to the lights.

During the late conversion of the hospital into a serviceable

334 Notes on Corsham Church.

Chapel-of-ease to Box Church, the fifteenth century beams of the
added floor were removed, except the one against the west wall ;
they were boldly chamfered with stopped ends.

The west porch is very simple in design, with small four-centred
arched doorway of entrance, with the remains of a holy water stoup
on the south side. Above the door is a single-light window.

The priest’s chamber has a good three-light pointed window in the
north gable with label mould and tracery little removed in style
from Decorated work. In the north-east angle is another circular
flue for a lamp, but whether used contemporaneously with the one
at the east end is doubtful. There is a large fireplace on the ground-
floor next to the arched door of connection with the hospice, also a
similar arched door above, to serve the upper story, and both doors
and fireplace are of the later fifteenth century alterations.

Alotes on Corsham Church.

By C. H. Tazzor.

(rok reason why I have desired to read some notes on Corsham
Church is this. I knew the Church, to a certain extent,
before the alterations of 1878. I foresaw the mischief that was
going to be done, though not the full extent of it, and, to the best
of my ability, I endeavoured to avert it, but without effect. Un-
fortunately I have mislaid the notes that I made at the time.

The Church, as I first knew it, was a very interesting one, standing
in need, however, of a careful and conservative restoration, which it
was not destined to obtain. The principal defect then existing
internally was that, on each side of the Norman nave, a pillar had
been removed and one large arch had been substituted for two of

1 Read on the spot, July 31st, 1895.

By C. H. Tatbot. 335

the original arches. At what exact time that was done I am not
able to say, but it was most unsightly, and the replacement of those
lost pillars and arches, in 1878, was the only part of the work, then
carried out, to which the term “ restoration ”’ can properly be applied.
The Church had a Norman nave, which still remains, and there is
evidence that it was lengthened, at the west end, by one bay, in the
Norman period. There was a central tower, and I am under the
impression that originally the Church may have been, as in many
other cases, without transepts, as I remember an internal string-
course, probably Norman, which appeared to have been cut through
for the insertion of the transept arches. The latter and, I think,
also the west tower arch were pointed arches, transitional! between
Norman and Harly English. The arch, opening into the chancel,
was of the fifteenth century, panelled but not similar to the present
chancel arch.

Above the roof, the lower stage of the tower was Early English,
with single lancet windows on the sides. A photograph, in my
possession, shows that the lancet window, on the west side, was out
of the centre, in order to avoid the nave roof, and that proves that
the nave had, in the thirteenth century, a roof of much the same
height as in the fifteenth. Above this Early English stage was a
belfry story of the fifteenth century, with two-light windows,
having tracery of flowing lines, and bold stone waterspouts under
the parapet, similar to those on the porch. This again was sur-
mounted by a nondescript erection, with a battlement and pinnacles,
set back a little, which was probably erected when the spire was
removed, for a spire formerly existed and was remembered? by the
late Sir John Awdry.

A small circular clerestory window, on the south side of the nave,
was discovered, during the “restoration,” and opened out. Its

1Tt would perhaps be more correct to say that they were Early English,
retaining some Norman character, in the caps.

2In his address, as President of the Society at Chippenham, 1869, Sir John
Awdry said (Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xii., p. 139) :—“* From thence [Lacock]
they would go to Corsham, where they would see a church which when he was
a boy had a high spire.” It is stated in the Church Rambler, vol. ii., p. 492,
that “the spire was taken down in 1812.”

336 Notes on Corsham Church.

exact character requires to be ascertained by examination. It has
been assumed to be Norman, but it may perhaps prove ! to be Karly
English. It now opens into the aisle, showing that the original
south aisle was lower than the present one. The same was the case
with the north aisle, as an examination of the west end of that
aisle externally shows that the upper part is built against the pre-
existing clerestory of the nave, of which the quoinsremain. If the
Norman north aisle were of the same width as the present aisle, it
would be unusually wide for its height. The probability therefore
is that it was narrower, and that the Norman doorway, in the north
wall, has been shifted, in the fourteenth century.

Previous to 1878 the north aisle was most interesting, remaining,
in its main features, much in the condition into which it had been
brought in the fourteenth century. It is noticeable that, at that
date, this aisle absorbed the north transept, by the removal of the
west wall of the latter, and the arch, opening from the aisle into the
Tropenell Chapel, on the north side of the chancel, was then erected,
which shows either that there was an older chapel on that site, or a
chapel of the fourteenth century since demolished, or that the arch
was prepared for an intended chapel. As there remains the head
of an Karly English lancet window, just above the arch, it follows
that, if there was an earlier chapel, its arch of entrance was a much
lower one. The aisle had three two-light windows, on the north
side—two of which remain 7 situ and one has been removed into an
annexe, added at the “ restoration,” and, in the removal, has lost its
appearance of antiquity—and a three-light window, which remains,
at the west end. All these are of good Decorated character, with
a peculiarity in the tracery, which occurs in the Decorated windows
at Malmesbury, and, I believe, also in Exeter Cathedral.

Externally this aisle retained the stumps of two original gable
crosses of the fourteenth century, which had crocketed shafts, a fact
which was either overlooked or disregarded, in the “ restoration,”
and new crosses, which have no such characteristic, were substituted.
The roof is of the fifteenth century.

“1 As the result of examination, it does not appear to be Norman, and is probably
Early English, perhaps altered, at a later date, internally.

—se

By C. H. Talbot. 337

The Tropenell or Neston Chapel, on the north side of the chancel,
of the fifteenth century, has a very fine stone screen, with fan-
vaulting under the loft, considered to resemble work at Great
Chalfield Manor House, through which it is entered from the west
and against which are the indications of two altars, of the same
date as the screen. The principal feature of interest, in this chapel,
is the very fine monument of Thomas? Tropenell, of Great Chalfield
and of Neston, in the parish of Corsham, and his wife, who was of
the Ludlow family. There is also a smaller monument to another
of the Tropenell family, in the north-east angle. There is a good
piscina in the south wall. The chapel is very lofty and, against the
east wall, are two corbels, one above the other, bearing the arms of
Tropenell and Ludlow, which have, no doubt, carried statues. In
_ one of the north windows* are some remains‘ of original glass,
showing a badge of the Hungerford family, three sickles interlaced,
but much older than the time of Sir Edward Hungerford, of
Corsham, and perhaps referring to Walter, Lord Hungerford, of
the time of Henry the Sixth. The chapel has an original high
roof, of the fifteenth century, unrestored. Externally there is a
very interesting hip-knob, of the same date, with open tracery, on
the gable.

The chancel, which exhibits no feature earlier than the fifteenth
century, though some part of the walls may be older, remains
without much alteration, but the chancel arch is new. The main

1 Cresting has been added, for which, I believe, there is no authority. The

screen has suffered, in effect, by the alterations and addition to the aisle.
2 Said to have died in 1490.

3 There are three windows in this chapel, one at the east end and two on the
north side, all of three lights.

4 These are in the westernmost of the two north windows. In one place, the
three sickles twice repeated, are iz sitw. In another, there is part of a leaf in situ,
and the opening is patched with the three sickles. There are also three other small
pieces of glass iz situ. This is all that now remains of the heraldic glass that
was formerly in the north windows of the Neston Chapel, amongst which the
Hungerford arms, encircled with the garter (for Walter, Lord Hungerford),
occurred. Much of this glass was removed to Neston House, by William Eyre,
Esq, in 1675, and again, at a later date, was removed by Sir William Hanham
to his house in Dorsetshire. (See Jackson's Aubrey, p. 81.)

338 Notes on Corsham Church.

timbers of the roof, which has a very low pitch! internally, are of
the fifteenth century. The mullions of a window, on the south
side, now blocked, are carried down, to form sedilia. Whether this
was an oyiginal arrangement or not, I am not certain. This and
the east window (both three-light) appear to be of the same date,
in the fifteenth century, but a smaller three-light window, in the
north wall, differing somewhat in character may differ also in date.

On the south side of the chancel is a very fine chapel of the
fifteenth century, but apparently rather later than the south window
of the chancel, as the masonry of the chapel is skewed, to give ight
to the latter. It communicates with the chancel by two panelled
arches. Such arches generally indicate that they have been cut
through an earlier wall. In this case, instead of the panelling
being carried down the jambs as usual, the centre pier is turned into
an octagonal shaft. The chapel has very fine four-light windows.
At first sight the east window and the easternmost window on the
south side appear to have been blocked up, in the lower part, with
ashlar, but they were so built, there being an ancient vestry” inside,

' Externally, the roof is a high one, and was so before the “ restoration,” but
not, I believe, originally. The wall, over the east window, appears to have been
then re-built, and my impression is that, before such re-building, there was
evidence externally that the original pitch of the roof was alowone. My notes,
made at the time, if I could find them, would probably show, but I could not
ascertain that anyone remembered. It should be noticed that the recent
alterations of the Church were not simultaneous. The chancel was, at first, let
alone, but shortly afterwards taken in hand, under the superintendence, I believe,
of a different architect. The annexe, also, added to the north aisle, followed
after the first work to the Church.

* It must be understood that this room only rises to a slight height, and that
there is a loft over it, open to the rest of the chapel and reached by a contempo-
rary stair. This loft was, before the restoration, used as the vestry, and there
is, I believe, no evidence that the room itself was used for any other purpose than
keeping the records. I have seen some old chests in it, which are now, I under-
stand, at Corsham Court, there being apparently no proper place for keeping
them in the Church. Canon Jackson says (Aubrey, p. 80, note 1) :—‘ The Vicar
has an old claim of Episcopal privileges within the parish. There is a volume
of wills in the Register chest, and a seal with 3 trees and a Hebrew inscription.”
The volume in question is, I believe, now at Somerset House, having been, at
one time, in the possession of a well-known antiquarian bookseller, now deceased.
Canon Jackson told me the whole story of its vicissitudes. I have seen formerly
some old books which had been, at one time, chained in the Church. They are,
I understand, now at the Court.

By C. H. Talbot. 339

lit by two small windows. This is said to have been the “ Con-
sistory,” and as Corsham was formerly what is called a Peculiar,
the vicar having had probate of wills, the records connected therewith
were, no doubt, kept here. The vestry seems to have been reduced
in size at the “restoration,” but it retains an original arched doorway,
in a partition wall, surmounted by some very good wood panelling,
with the remains of painting and gilding. This chapel, on its
erection, had absorbed the south transept,! by the removal of its
east wall, just as the north nave aisle had absorbed the north
transept, by the removal of its west wall. The chapel opened into
_ the south nave aisle by an early pointed arch of the old transept.
In modern times, an arch, in imitation of this one, was erected
on the site of the demolished east wall of the transept. At the
“restoration,” the ancient arch was actually removed, and the
modern arch retained, and part of the panelled wooden ceiling of
the chapel may be seen, in what has now become an extension of
the south nave aisle. This is a good ceiling, which appears never
to have been quite finished,? having a very low pitch, like that of
the chancel, though the pitch of the actual roof is a high one.

An original window of this chapel, in perfect condition, was
removed at the “ restoration,’ and a new tower and spire erected
to the south of it. The terminals of this window appear to have
been re-used, in the new window, in the tower.

The south aisle of the nave is, to all intents, Perpendicular. Its
west window has tracery of flowing lines, and has very much the
appearance of Decorated, but I do not think it differs much, if at
all, in date,® from the side windows. I believe it to be a Decorated

1The weathering or dripstone of the high-pitched roof, which once existed, to
this transept, remained, on the south side of the central tower, and appears in
the photograph which I have referred to above. The Karly English lancet
window, on that face, was in the centre, and came down lower than the one on
the west face. The point of the drip was under it, showing the roof of the
transept, in the thirteenth century, to have been much lower than that of the nave,

? The mouldings are not finished at the mitres.

$I have been asked to state my reasons for not classing this window as
Decorated. The hood-moulding has some reminiscence of Decorated, but as much
or more of Perpendicular character ; but the most conclusive evidence of the date
of the window is that the jambs are all of one work with the adjacent Perpendicular

340 Notes on Corsham Church.

design, modified when erected. The roof of the aisle is Perpen-
dicular. There are remains of a piscina, in the south wall, which
may be Karly English.

There is a very fine groined south porch, of the fifteenth century,
to which is attached a staircase, dated 1631, exhibiting the arms
and badges of the Hungerford family, and probably built, jointly,
by Sir Edward Hungerford and his wife Margaret, who, in 1668,
after his death, founded the free school and almshouse. The stair-
case is very interesting, as an example of the survival of a taste for
the old Gothic forms,! at a time when the style was actually dead.
It led, from the interior of the porch, to a gallery in the aisle,
which has been taken down, and, though the original stairs have
been removed, the stonework has fortunately been spared. 'T'wo
picturesque stone windows of the same work, in the roof of the aisle,
which lit the gallery, have also been removed. Why they might
not have been retained is not quite obvious, as it seems that the
aisle is rather dark now. In the south wall of the aisle, internally,
are traces of a doorway which may have communicated with an
original staircase to the chamber over the porch.

The font is of the fifteenth century and has some good panelling.
The west window? of the nave is Perpendicular, and there is a
staircase turret, adjoining, of the same date, which leads to the roof.

buttresses, the joints running through. The Perpendicular windows, in the south
wall, are a two-light, near the west end, and two three-lights, on each side of the
porch, in the westernmost of which there is a small piece of original glass, im sitw.

1 A string course of the porch is copied and continued round this work. There
is also a two-light window, which is a fair imitation of Perpendicular work.
With regard to the arms, on the south or principal face, is a shield of Hungerford,
of nine quarterings, and the crest, a garb between two sickles, and the motto,
ET DIEV MON APPvy, and under it the date. On the east face, in the centre,
is the shield of Halliday (Lady Hungerford’s family), with the crest mutilated,
and the motto, @VARTA sALvTis, which I cannot interpret, unless Quarta be
an error for Charta. Oneach side is the shield of Hungerford, of four
quarterings, impaling Halliday, with the letters £. m. H. beneath, for Edward
and Margaret Hungerford, I suppose.

2 It is a three-light. Over it, in the gable, is another three-light window,
apparently of the last century, which was, no doubt, inserted to light a gallery.
Under the west window of the north aisle is inserted a rather interesting doorway
of the seventeenth century, with a projecting canopy.

By C. H. Talbot. 341

The roof of the nave is also Perpendicular. Two of the old bench
ends, of the fifteenth century, remain at the west end of the nave,
and one at the west end of the south aisle. These have been copied
in the new seating, but the copies are not equal to the originals.
Some remarkable stone fragments were found at the “ restoration,”
but what has become of them I have not been able to ascertain.
The removal of the central tower is to be deplored.2 I am aware
that it was considered an obstruction, but that was not sufficient to
justify what has been done. Its removal has also brought into
prominence the divergence of the lines of the chancel and the nave,
which was not so evident before.

[On March 11th of the present year I detected a previously
unobserved fact, viz., that the chancel of Corsham Church was
lengthened, in the fifteenth century. I noticed that the lower part
of the north wall of the chancel, where it projects beyond the
Tropenell Chapel, is built against a previously-existing buttress of
the fifteenth century, which faces east, and that, to give room for
the arch of the small three-light window above, part of the tabling
of the same buttress has been cut away. This suggested that the
original east wall of the chancel ranged with that of the Tropenell
Chapel. A stone spout of the fifteenth century, which now faces
north and is evidently not in its original position, may probably
originally have been between the two roofs and facing east. There
is evidence also internally of extension from the same point, the
ridge-piece of the extended portion of the ceiling being lighter and
not quite in the same line with the rest. There is also some
difference in the other timbers. There would probably be more

1T was informed, when the Society visited the Church, that these fragments
are preserved at the Court.

2 It is due to the architect to say that, at first, he objected to removing it. I
myself suggested to a gentleman, who was one of the churchwardens, that, if
the obstruction of the Church internally was considered intolerable, the tower
might be re-built on the same site, with higher and wider arches, and its ex-

_ ternal appearance be preserved. I was told that the expense would be too great.

The present tower is so situated as to be crowded up with the porch, and some
damage has also accrued to the adjacent old south wall of the aisle, and, in a
less degree, to that of the chapel, as a consequence of its erection, owing to
settlement.

342 Notes on Lacock Church.

obvious evidence that the eastern portion has been added, but for
the fact that, at the point of junction, a new couple has been
inserted, resting on two new corbels, at the restoration. The
extension of the chancel also suggests a possible explanation of the
difference in design of the north window of the chancel from the
east and south windows. It may have been originally the east
window of the unextended chancel—and, if it had there taken the
place of a Norman window, that might account for its small size.
Some reason for the difference of design there must, I think, be. |

Alotes on Lacock Church.

By C. H. Tasor.
(Read on the spot August 2nd, 1895.)

GYO DOUBT there was formerly a Norman Church on the
site of the present Parish Church of Lacock, and some part
of it probably remained standing until the fifteenth century, as we
found, in re-building some of the Perpendicular work, on the south
side, in 1875, a great many Norman stones, re-used as building
material by the later builders, so that Norman work was probably
pulled down, when the Perpendicular work was put up. Such
Norman fragments? as came out were removed to the Abbey for

)

1The Church is dedicated to St. Cyriac—a very rare dedication. It is
of considerable size, cruciform, with a western tower and spire, and has this
peculiarity, that the greatest breadth, from end to end of the transepts, is about
the same as the total length of the Church. The architectural history of the
building is, by no means, easy to understand ; and, though I have studied it for
a considerable time, and have had the advantage of other opinions upon it, I
cannot profess to have mastered it yet.

2 Norman and other fragments, but the majority were Norman. These are
stones, which formed part of pillars or responds, and arch stones, which retained
painting of a later date—thirteenth or fourteenth century. The colours were

a

By C. H. Talbot. 343

preservation, but more! remain in the walls. No Norman work
remains i situ.

The oldest part of the existing building consists of the walls and
windows of the north transept. Until 1861 that transept retained
its original proportions, and probably the roof which had a rough
cambered tie-beam, was original, but as it was ceiled and white-
washed, no distinctive features were apparent.

In 1861 the Church underwent the process conventionally called
restoration, which was carried out with a want of judgment not
uncommon, but was not so destructive in this, as in some cases.
However, one great mistake? was made, in the raising of the
transepts. The great Perpendicular transept arches had evidently
been prepared with the intention of re-building the transepts, but
had a beam across the springing and, above it, were closed with
lath and plaster, and, no doubt, had never been permanently open.
Some of the mouldings of the north transept arch appeared ex-
ternally, above the old roof of the transept. In order to open *

bright, when found, but the greater part of the painting has since faded. There
are also stones of a Norman hood-moulding. In cutting through the east wall
of the south transept, near the ground, for a ventilation opening, a mutilated
Norman cap was found. There are also two fragments, apparently of a Norman
gable cross, in which are two very remarkable clean cut sockets, the only ex-
planation of which, that I can think of, is that they were intended as receptacles
for relics, for the supposed protection of the building.
1 Two pillar stones remain, over the great arch of the south transept.

2T am thankful that I have no share in the responsibility for that mistake.
I was absent from Lacock at the time, and, in any case, should probably have
had very little voice in the matter.

3 When it was too late, those of the parishioners who understood the subject
saw the mistake that had been made. If a model of the intended alteration
had been first made, they might probably have seen it in time. I was told
that the architect did not desire to open these arches. Apparently he was
induced, against his better judgment, to undertake the solution of a not
particularly easy problem, and he cannot be congratulated on the result. Un-
fortunately, also, a state of things has been produced which will require to
be rectified, in the future. The then owner of Lackham offered, either to
give a certain sum to the restoration fund, or to restore the south transept
at his own expense. Unwisely, as I think, the second alternative was accepted,
and he put a new roof, according to his own ideas, and differing from that
of the north transept.

VOL. XXVIII.—NO. LXXXV. 2B

344 Notes on Lacock Church.

these arches the transept walls were considerably raised, in 1861,
ruining the proportions of the north transept especially, which
previously were most satisfactory, and overloading? the old walls.
Moreover, a new roof was put to the north transept, actually less
steep than the old one. In the Decorated windows of this transept
there is still a little of the original glass,3 in situ.

The lower part of the tower, at the west end of the nave, appears
to be of the fourteenth century, but there are many evidences of
alteration and re-construction. [I am indebted to Mr. Ponting for
opening my eyes to the fact that the tower has been, to a great
extent, re-built. I had previously supposed that the whole walls,
with the exception of an obvious addition at the top, were of the
fourteenth century, and indeed am responsible for a statement to
that effect in the Journal of the British Archeological Association
(vol. xxxvii., p. 181, June, 1881). In other particulars, also, my
views, then expressed, have undergone necessary modification.
Externally, I cannot say that there is any certain evidence of re-
building until the lowest string-course is reached. From that
string-course, at any rate, the re-building must commence, for it is
of Perpendicular character and has not been inserted, as is evident
from a slight set-off of the wall, immediately above it, at the
south-west angle. In the west face of the tower, immediately over
the porch, is a window of which I believe the arch to be fourteenth
century work, in situ. The hood-moulding is distinctly Decorated,
but the upper stone of it, on the north side, and a small keystone,
are not original, showing that it has been repaired with work,
imitated from the earlier work, but not true. The window, which
is of three lights, now contains very debased Perpendicular tracery,
probably introduced at the same time. The next stage of the tower

1 Fortunately there exists a photograph, taken at an earlier date by Foote,
of Bath, which shows the original proportions of the transept, and from it
was made the not very gocd woodcut which is prefixed to the second volume
of the Church Rambler. The author, however, has omitted to state that it
represents the Church as it appeared before the alterations of 1861.

2 Considerable injury has been done to the old walls, from this cause.

3 Principally in the west window. There is one small piece in the north

window.

By C. H. Talbot. 345

has, on the west face, a small circular window-opening, included in
a square, and, immediately under it, has come to light, by the
removal of the modern clock face, a very remarkable stone clock
dial, with twelve sunk panels, like a wheel. This dial and the
window appear to be of the same date, in the seventeenth century.
Higher up comes another string-course, similar to the former one,
and ranging with the ridge of the roof of the nave. Up to this
point the re-building was continuous, but the tower has been raised
again, later, a few feet, finished with battlements and angle
pinnacles, and a spire erected. The belfry windows are of two
lights, and for their insertion the string-course, last mentioned, has
been cut through, and then finished off with a return. Under the
cills of these windows, on all four sides of the tower, are the blovked-
up remains of other windows, narrower externally but more widely
splayed internally. That on the east side is only to be detected
from the inside of the belfry, and as it would, if remaining in its
original condition, open into the Church, under the nave roof, that
seems to show that the present roof of the nave is really later,
though at first sight it might be supposed earlier. The belfry
window, on the east side, is, to a great extent, blocked by the nave
roof, and must, I think, have been so from the first. It would
appear that it was, at one time, intended to raise the tower, by one
clear stage, above the nave roof. For some reason the intention
was abandoned, and the belfry stage lowered down. The present
tower and spire are too low for effect. Internally, the jambs of the
tower arch appear to be of the fourteenth century. The arch itself
has, apparently, been re-constructed. It is rude and of little interest.
There is no proper junction between the arch and jambs. Probably
the jambs were built up, to meet the arch, but, at that point, a
gallery has been erected and removed, so that the evidence is
obliterated. Externally, the south clerestory of the nave, where it
adjoins the tower, appears to be built against the latter. A buttress,
_ adjoining the tower and abutting the south nave arcade, to which
it belongs, has a shallow recess, on its south face, which has often
given rise to enquiry. I suppose there must have been, when it
was erected, a small Norman or Early English window, in the west
2B 2

346 Notes on Lacock Church.

wall of the aisle, and that the object was not to obstruct itin any way. |

The north nave aisle, of very good Perpendicular character, must
have been erected when the old north arcade of the nave was
standing, and had! a groined vault, of which the springers may be
traced, and also the outline of the vaulting against the west wall.
This must have been removed when the north side of the nave was
re-built, as it does not agree with the position of the present arcade,
of which moreover, the spandrils are panelled on both sides, showing
that no vaulting was then either existing or contemplated. Ex-
ternally, the base mouldings of the north wall of the aisle are
returned, at the point where they join the transept wall, showing
an intention of re-building the north transept.

The south transept has not been actually re-built, but has been
greatly modernised. An archway, opening from this transept into
the south aisle of the nave, dates from an earlier period than the
south arcade of the nave, and I consider it as originally late
Decorated.2, When the south nave arcade was built, it is evident
that the north jamb of this earlier arch was removed, and the arch
supported,’ as a temporary expedient, on a pillar of the new work,
which pillar was of the same slight section as the other pillars of

1T, at first, supposed that the vaulting had been intended, but never erected.
The probability, however, appears to be that it was erected and afterwards
demolished, when the north nave arcade was built. The springer of the vault,
in the north-west angle, remains. Two other springers, on the north side,
have been cut back, flush with the face of the wall, which was not unlikely
to be done, if the vaulting was removed, but perhaps less probable, if it had
simply been never erected. The west window of the aisle is of five lights,
and there are three four-light windows, on the north side, extended internally
to the form of six-light windows, by blank panels, in the space occupied ex-
ternally by the buttresses. In the first of these windows, from the west, two
small pieces of original glass remain in situ. Externally there is a niche,
over the west window, with a very beautiful canopy. The latter contains small
niches, and is much mutilated, apparently in the removal of the figures from
these subordinate niches. Where the carving is not mutilated it is well
preserved, showing how well Bath stone will sometimes stand, for the work
is probably not later than 1437.

2 One original stop remains perfect, in the south jamb, and appears to be
of the fourteenth century.

3 Half the arch must, I suppose, have been re-set. The arch had a small |

keystone, which was eliminated in 1875. Experience had taught the builder
that a keystone might be objected to by an architect,

By C. H. Talbot. 347

the arcade. The junction with the old arch was treated as a corbel,
and ornamented by simply stretching out the members of one of
the octagonal caps of the small shafts. It had a strange appearance
and was not really ornamental, but worse than that, it was not safe.
My belief is that, in a very short time, the thrust of the old arch
must have pushed out the pillar, towards the north, but the ad-
ditional load of walling, placed on the old arch in 1861, made the
matter worse, and a joint opened. The condition of things was so
threatening, that, in 1875, it was determined to take down and
re-build half the great arch! of the south transept and half the
easternmost arch of the nave arcade, with the clerestory window
above. This was done, under the architectural superintendence of
my friend, Mr. J. T. Irvine, who was, at that time, in charge of
the works at Bath Abbey, under the late Sir Gilbert Scott. The
slight Perpendicular pillar was found to rest on a very bad foun-
dation, so that the danger had, by no means, been exaggerated.
I suggested that, as we did not desire to remove the late Decorated
arch, as the Perpendicular builders ultimately intended to do, it
would be desirable to restore the lost north jamb of that arch, and
form a compound pier, which would be stronger and more satisfactory
in appearance. This suggestion was adopted, and the whole work
carried out in a satisfactory manner. The south aisle of the
nave has originally had a wooden span roof? of low pitch.

1In the west respond of the great arch, next the clerestory, we found that
more mouldings than were wanted had been worked on the stones, and after-
wards built up. This makes it probable that the stones were worked at the
quarries. The mouldings, also, of the great arches, on the sides next the
transepts, where they run back behind the face of the wall, were built up,
intentionally, I believe, by the original builders. They were exposed to view
in 1861.

’The indications of this are a plain stone corbel, remaining zm sitw, at the
north-west angle, and the outline of half the roof, against the west wall.
_ From the position of the corbel, I am inclined to think it older than the nave
arcade. There is a central corbel of the fifteenth century, over the west
window, an angel bearing a shield charged with a bend, which may have
belonged to this roof, but I am not certain ; immediately over which is a beam,
with the date 1617 cut on it, which is, therefore, the date of the present roof.
In the south-west angle, and on the south side, are two corbels of the fifteenth
century, kings’ heads, which appear to me not to be in their original positions:

348 Notes on Lacock Church.

I think it will be admitted that the design of the nave, with the
transept arches rising to the full height of a well-developed
clerestory, is a fine one. A vertical line, in the masonry, between
the north transept arch and north clerestory shows that one was
built before the other. Probably the arch was built first. The
westernmost respond of the north arcade appears, at first sight, to
have been partly removed, for the insertion of a doorway, and the
upper part to have been turned into a corbel and the shafts termi-
nated as pendants, and this to have been an alteration of the
sixteenth century, but I think examination ! will show that it was
so built.

Whatever the actual date of the work, it is very late, and it may
well be that the general design was decided on some while before
its erection, and that this is a modification of the design, to admit
of the doorway. The latter leads to a turret staircase, which ex-
amination, externally, will show to be later than the west wall of
the aisle. I consider it of the same date as the arcade. This
staircase leads to the leads of the north aisle and to the north side
of the roof of the nave, and also affords access to the tower. A
carving, on the exterior of the north clerestory, apparently represents
a manu smoking a pipe, on the true interpretation of which work
Members of the Society may, if so disposed, exercise their ingenuity.

The nave has a good waggon roof, of the Perpendicular period,
which was ceiled with boards, by the late Mr. Sotheron Estcourt
(then Mr. Sotheron), when he lived at Bowden Park. It was, I
believe, previously boarded only in the smaller panels, at the east
end, which was, no doubt, the original arrangement, and should
have been preserved, but the present treatment was probably, at the
time, considered an improvement. A tie-beam, at the east end of

1Jt is, however, not easy to speak with certainty upon this point. If the
respond ever continued down, how was access obtained to the staircase P Under
the cill of the doorway are the remains of an earlier respond, which does not
correspond with the line of the arcade, reaching a little further to the north,
but by no means far enough to meet the vaulting of the aisle. How the
latter was managed is not obvious, but I suppose there must have been a good
deal of added masonry to carry it.

By ©. H. Talbot. 349

the roof, has been cut away, for the insertion of a very rich window.'
This runs down till it meets the chancel arch. It has been
suggested to me that, when the window was inserted, an older and
lower chancel arch was probably standing, and that it is the present
chancel arch that has cut into the window, and not the reverse.
Externally, this window is finished with an open parapet, which
follows the line of the window arch, instead of that of the roof, and
was surmounted by a niche,? of which only the base now remains.
The Lady chapel,3 on the north side of the chancel, is of late * but
good Perpendicular work. It is vaulted with stone, and the vaulting,

1 Of six lights. I think this window, which has a stilted four-centred arch,
is later than the Lady chapel. Internally the soffit of the arch is ornamented
with carvings, which have evidently been fixed on with metal pins, as several
are gone, leaving the holes visible. In the centre are two angels, apparently
holding the consecrated wafer. Next there have been two bosses, which are
goue. Next, on the south side, an angel holding a shield, and, on the north
side, an angel accidentally reversed, with the head downwards. Next two
ornamental bosses. Next, on the north side, an angel holding some object,
and, on the south side, a vacant space. Next the space fora boss is vacant,
on both sides. Next an angel holding a shield, on the north side, and
another angel, on the south side. In all there have been thirteen carvings.

2 This niche, when standing, would serve to mask the end of the nave roof.
I think it must have been taken down, to lighten the weight, as the figures
only have been removed from the other niches, probably in the time of
Edward the Sixth. The window arch has been tied with an iron rod, which
indicates some failure of the work. It is noticeable that, on the south wall
of the nave, the half battlement, which is part of this work, is higher than
the rest; and that, on the north side, the battlements and standards are of
the same character, which shows that the work extended over the north transept
arch. This was all thrown into confusion in 1861, but may still be made
out. The battlements of this part have the coping carried round them, which
is not the case with the rest of the nave.

3 Dingley, in 1684, calls it “our Lady’s Chappell.” I once heard it called
‘the Lady’s Chapel” by an old inhabitant, now deceased, who must have
derived the name from tradition, and probably did not know the meaning of it.

41 believe I have now ascertained the date of this chapel, within a limit

of ten years. Over the east window, externally, in the base of a niche, there

is a human figure, bearing a shield. The arms on this shield long defied
detection, being apparently two straps in bend, linked together by two rings.
They were so drawn by Dingley, in 1684. Since the visit of the Society,
Mr. Brakspear, in measuring the building, discovered that the apparent bend
was really a saltire. This enabled me to identify the arms, without difficulty,
as those of Robert Nevill, Bishop of Salisbury, 1427—37 (gules, on a saltire

350 Notes on Lacock Church.

with its pendants, though not a fan vault, approximates to it. In.

the east window of this chapel a good deal of the original glass
remains, in situ, patched in places, but the design that filled the
tracery may be made out. On the north side of the chapel a very
beautiful window! may be seen externally, which was blocked for
the erection of a monument to Sir John Talbot, who died March
13th, 173. This chapel was evidently converted into a mortuary
chapel for Sir William Sharington, who died in 1553. The design
for his monument was probably prepared in his lifetime, but the
monument, which occupies the space of one of the side windows,
was erected in 1566, and the execution of it is not quite equal to
his work at the Abbey. The effect of this monument suffers from
the present painting,? which was apparently executed in the last
century, and the tinctures of the arms have been falsified. The
west arch of the chapel was walled up, in the sixteenth century, and
the wall contained a doorway of Renaissance character, resembling,
but again not quite equal to the work at the Abbey. About
twenty-five years ago, the arch was re-opened,* and it was found
that the walling up, though it had mutilated the stone-work, had
been the means of preserving some of the original painting, the

argent two annulets interlaced in fess—Papworth, page 1079). This gives an
earlier date, in the reign of Henry the Sixth, than most persons supposed.
I may here notice a remarkable fact, to which my attention was drawn by
Mr. Ponting. In building the respond. of the easternmost of the two arches,
which open from the chapel into the chancel, the builders found that they
had made the opening too narrow. Instead of pulling the work down they
set it back, and treated the junction in an ornamental manner.

1Ttis noticeable that there is an analogy between this window and the north
windows of the north aisle, though the latter have not the same beauty, and
also between the east window of the Lady chapel and the west window of the
aisle.

2A small portion of the stonework, in the soffit of the arch of the monu-
ment, has never been painted, and it is possible that, originally, the arms only
were coloured. The tinctures were correct in Dingley’s time.

3 The Renaissance doorway was taken down, without much care, and the
stones lay in the churchyard, until, on an addition being made to the National
Schools, the architect of the new building—the late Mr. John Prichard, of
Llandaff—brought in the doorway, as a door of communication between the
old and new schools. About a foot of new stone was added in the jambs,
to gain increased headway.

By C. H. Talbot. 351

rest of the chapel having been coarsely ' re-painted. It also became
apparent that, after the arch was built and before it was painted, a
low stone screen was erected across it. The arch itself appears to
be later than the north transept arch, as some of the respond ’ of
the latter was cut away for its insertion.

The south transept was the place of sepulture of the lords of the
manor of Lackham, and retains a fine brass* to Robert Baynard,
Esq., and his wife, Elizabeth Ludlow, and their children, 1501.
This brass was, up till 1861, in its original position, with the feet
to the east. It was then shifted, for convenience of the seating.
There are also, against the east wall of the transept, two wooden
tablets of some interest, both erected in 1623, to the memory of
Edward Baynard, Esq., who died in 1575, and Ursula,‘ the wife of
Sir Robert Baynard, who died in 1623.

The porch, at the west end of the Church, has the shield of
Baynard and Bluet quarterly in its groining, and was therefore
probably erected ® by one of the Baynard family.

=

1 The original painting is much more delicate. A record, painted under the
east window of the Lady chapel and now partly scaled off, states that that
aisle was repaired and the chancel re-built in 1777, which probably gives the
date of the re-painting.

2 A shaft is cut away in a rough manner, but these alterations are very
puzzling. There has been, at one time, a slanting communication, probably
a processional opening, from the transept to the chancel, as is shown by the
remains of {a long panel, with a cusped head, and against the face of this
panel the south respond of the west arch of the Lady chapel is built, showing
that the latter is later. In this respond is constructed a somewhat rough
hagioscope, the old opening being utilised. On the north side of the same
arch are remains of a double hagioscope, of which the openings appear to have
been directed to the high altar and the altar of the Lady chapel respectively.

3 Figured in Kite’s Brasses of Wiltshire, plate xi., and Wilts Arch. Maq.,
vol. iv., p. 3, but the artist has omitted the armorial shields, near the corners
of the Purbeck marble slab.

4She was the granddaughter of Sir Henry Sharington, being a daughter of
Olive, Sir Henry’s third daughter and co-heir, by her second marriage with
Sir Robert Stapylton. Sir Robert Baynard appears, when his wife died, to
have put up these two tablets to her memory and that of his father.

5 Jt is very late, two of the pinnacles approximating to the form of some
Elizabethan finials.

352 Notes on Lacock Church.

An annexe,’ on the west side of the south transept, may have
been built in the time of Charles the Second, but there has been
an older building there, of less projection—perhaps a south
porch.

The old pulpit, removed in 1861, stood on a stone base, on the
south side of the chancel arch, and was, I believe, of the time of
Charles the First.

The chancel was re-built in 1777, and—though well intended?—
cannot be considered satisfactory. At that time, probably,? the
inner member of the chancel arch was removed.

‘This was supposed by Canon Jackson (Aubrey, p. 93, note 1) to have been
formerly “an ancient house,” attached to the Church, and afterwards thrown
into it. I believe this to be altogether a mistake. Mr. Ponting also says
(Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xxiv., p. 164) :—‘The building which was erected
westward of the south transept, early in the seventeenth century, appears to
have been a dwelling-house of three stories, with an outside door, and the
opening between it and the aisle is modern.” The doorway, however, appears
to be a fifteenth century doorway re-used. , It resembles work at Bewley Court.
The opening into the Church I believe to be of the same date as the building
itself. In this annexe was formerly a gallery approached by a staircase, both
removed in 1861. It belonged to Bowden House, and that fact suggests a
possible explanation of the building itself, for there was once, in Lacock Church,
a monument of considerable size and importance to George Johnson, Esgq., of
Bowden, who died in 1683. There is a sketch of it in Dingley’s History
JSrom Marble, p. ceecci. The subject is noticed in a paper on “the family
of James Johnson, successively Bishop of Gloucester and Worcester, by Walter
Money, F.8.A., reprinted with correctionsand amendments from the Transactions
of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archeological Society, vol. viii., part 2.”
I met Mr. Money, when he came to search the Lacock registers for entries
relating to the Johnson family, and he formed, I believe, the opinion that
this annexe probably contained that monument. The Johnson vault, however,
is in the south aisle, where is a monumental tablet to the Bishop.

*Sir John Awdry described it (Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xii., p. 139) as “a
very good piece of masonry, but constructed in entire ignorance of Gothic
execution.” Mr. Ponting says (vol. xxiv., p. 164) :—‘'The chancel was built
in 1777, and nothing more need be said about it.’ Perhaps not, but it may
be permissible to point out that the builders have taken the trouble to copy
carefully and accurately the base-moulding of the Lady chapel, and to carry
it round the chancel.

3 This is now certain, as we have found this moulding of the arch remaining,
above the ceiling, whilst the shaft is cut away below.

Wilts Obituary. 303

In 1876 the bells were re-hung,! and the upper part of the spire
was re-built.

The present font was introduced in 1861, and was, I believe, the
gift of the architect, now Sir Arthur Blomfield. The former one
was, to the best of my recollection, a Georgian marble urn—not a
bad thing in its way—and I rather regret its disappearance. I
remember two relics of the old oak seats of the fifteenth century,
remaining either in the nave or aisles, before 1861. They dis-
appeared, but from them were copied, with some modifications,
- some oak seats, now in the south aisle and annexe. Ata later date,
in taking up the floor of a house in the village we found that the
joists were the remains of similar seats, no doubt removed from the
Church in the last century. Unfortunately I allowed them to
remain, for a considerable time, on premises not in my own occu-
pation, with the result that, when I ultimately asked for them, I
found they had been destroyed.

CAilts, Obituary.

John Alexander Thynne, 4th Marquis of Bath. Died at Venice, April
20th, 1896. Buried at Longbridge Deverill. The son of the 3rd Marquis
by the Hon. Harriet Baring, daughter of the 1st Baron Ashburton, he was
born March 1st, 1831, and succeeded to the title on his father’s death in
1837. Educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxon. Married 1861, the
Hon. Frances Isabella Catherine Vesey, daughter of the 3rd Viscount de

_ Vesci. Trustee of the British Museam, 1884. Chairman of Quarter
Sessions for Wilts, 1880; Lord Lieutenant of Wilts, 1889; and Chairman

1This was done by Messrs. Hooper & Stokes, of Woodbury, Devon, who
succeeded in hanging the six bells in two tiers. Before that one of the bells
was up in the spire. The tower was, of course, not intended for so many
bells. In Lukis’s Church Bells (p. 130), the names of the churchwardens, on
the fourth bell—which was cast in 1852, are given as Henry Goddard, Esq.,
and Edward Barton. The first name should be Henry Goddard Awdry. I
ascertained, in 1876, that the erroneous inscription is actually on the bell.

354 Wilts Obituary.

of the Wilts County Council since its formation. It was in these capacities:
that he was best known and will be most widely missed in Wiltshire. Asa
landlord he was most considerate and helpful in every movement for the
good of the people—and in his public life and private life alike was actuated
by a high sense of duty. The Times says :—‘ Lord Bath never played a
prominent part in political life, but he devoted a considerable part of his
time and energies to county business, and was universally respected as a
highly cultured scrupulously honourable English gentleman of the best
type. . . . . Though a staunch Conservative in home affairs, he could
not profess to approve of the Philo-Turkish policy of Lord Beaconsfield, and
sympathised rather with the views and scruples of Lord Derby and Lord
Carnarvon. After the war (of 1877) he made a tour with Dr. Sandwith
in the Balkan Peninsula, and published some of his impressions in an
interesting little volume on Bulgaria . . . . always a shy man, his
shyness seemed to increase rather than diminish with years, and sometimes
produced in those who did not know him intimately the impression that
he was morose and unsociable. This impression was entirely erroneous

‘ He remained to the last under a cloak of reserve bordering on
Par one of the most kind hearted of men.’ Obituary notices in Times,
Standard, Devizes Gazette, April 29th, and Wilts County Mirror,
May Ist, 1896.

Rey. Arthur Wellington Booker, Rector of Sutton Veney. Died Oct.
29th, 1895. Buried at Woolhope, Hereford. B.A., Christ Church, Oxon,
1863. M.A., 1865. Curate of Rode, Cheshire, 1867—70; Windrush,
Gloues., 1870—72; St. Anne, Lytham, 1873—76. Vicar of Sproxton and
Saltby, Leics., 1876—82 ; Croxton-Kerrial, Lincs., 1882—1888. Rector of
Sutton Veney, 1888 until his death. Obit. notice, Salisbury Diocesan
Gazette, Dec., 1895.

Rey. John Powell, Vicar of Hill Deverill. Died Nov. 3rd, 1895.
Buried at St. John’s, Warminster. B.A., Trinity College, Dublin, 1850.
Curate of Brixton Deverill, 1853—58. Vicar of Hill Deverill, 1858 until
his death. He was greatly esteemed by his parishioners. Obit. notice,
Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, Dec , 1895.

Charles Hitchcock, M.D., of Fiddington, Market Lavington. Died
Nov. 3rd, 1895, aged 83. Buried at Market Lavington, amid a large
assembly of “people of all classes, creeds, and politics.” He took a very
active part in all Church matters in his neighbourhood, and it was largely
owing to his exertions that Easterton Church was built and the parish
greatly improved in many ways. He retained full vigour both of body and
mind to the last, and his death was felt as a loss throughout the neighbourhood,
in which he was so well known and widely respected. Obit. notices,
Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, Dec., 1895, and Devizes Gazette.

Rev. Edward Bullock Finlay. Died Jan. 13th, 1896. Buried at
Avebury. B.A., Worcester College, Oxford, 1849. M.A., 1854. Held
curacies in Suffolk, Kent, and Sussex, 1854—64; took pupils at Folkestone,

Wilts Obituary. 255

1864—81 ; lived afterwards in retirement at Avebury until his death. He
was a man of high scholarly attainments and wide knowledge in all branches
of theology, and a frequent contributor in matters of scholarship to the
Saturday Review, the Guardian, Church Review, and other Church
papers. A long obituary notice appeared in the Church Review, partly
reprinted in Devizes Gazette, Jan. 30th, 1896.

Rey. Alfred Codd, Preb. and Canon of Sarum. Died Jan., 1896. B.A.,
St. John’s College, Cambridge, 1849. M.A., 1860. Curate of Witham,
Essex, 1850—53. Rector of Hawridge, Bucks, 1853—57. Vicar of
Beaminster, Dorset, 1857—90. Rector of Stockton, Wilts, 1890-91.
Author of “ Fight Lectures on Isaiah liii.,” published 1864. Well known
in the Diocese of Salisbury, and greatly beloved at Beaminster, Obit.
notice, Devizes Gazette, Jan. 16th, 1896.

Rey. Robert Canning Stiles. Died Feb. 15th, 1896. Buried at
Froxfield. Brasenose College, Oxford, B.A., 1855, M.A., 1858. Curate of
Woodchester, Gloucs., 1857—58; Mere, Wilts, 1859; Wapley, Gloucs.,
1859—1861 ; Frampton Cotterell, 1861—64 ; Sheare, Surrey, 1864. Head-
master, Shepton Mallet Grammar School, 1872—80. Curate of Froxfield,
1879—80. Vicar of Froxfield, 1880 until his death. During his incumbency
the Church was restored, and he endeared himself to his parishioners by his
simple gentle disposition. Obit. notice, Salishury Diocesan Gazette,
March, 1896.

George Selwyn Marryat. Died Feb. 14th, 1896. Buried in the Close,
at Salisbury. A long notice of him, by “Red Spinner,” in the Field, re-
printed in the Wiltshire County Mirror, March 6th, says:—“It is not
too much, perhaps, to state that Mr. Marryat was practically the father of
the now fashionable dry-fly school of trout fishermen . . . . his
principal study was the development of the floating fly and its practice as
we now knowit. . . . . The instructive plates in “ Dry-fly Fishing,”
representing the various methods of casting, were from photographs in
which the figure is that of Mr. Marryat . . . . Isuppose no one who
ever saw him put forth his skill would attempt to deny that he was the first
on the list of dry-fly fishermen on the chalk streams to which he principally
devoted his attention.” Obit notice, Salisbury Journal. (See below,
p. 362.)

Edward Combes. Died Oct., 1895, at Glanmire Hall, Bathurst, Australia.
He was born at Tisbury, 1830. Son of Mr. William Combes. Entered
Government service in New South Wales in 1858. Afterwards acted as
Government Mining Engineer, and was member of the Colonial Parliament
for Bathurst, Orange, and East Macquarie successively. He held office as
Secretary for Public Works; was a member of the Executive Council in
the Government of Sir John Robertson ; and was Executive Commissioner
for the Colony at the Paris Exhibition of 1878, for which he was created a
C.M.G. and appointed an officer of the Legion of Honour. Obit. notice,
Standard, Nov. 27th, 1895.

356 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

George Richmond, R.A., D.C.L., Oxford, LL.D., Cambridge.
Born 1809. Though not a Wiltshireman by birth, the well-known portrait
painter has deserved well of the county in the eyes of all lovers of antiquity
by his rescue of the beautiful old “ Porch House” at Potterne, from :
dilapidation and possible destruction—and his restoration of it on most x
strictly Conservative lines to the condition in which it now stands. Mr. |
Richmond spent much of his holidays at Potterne, and was well known and
greatly respected in the village. Obit. notice, Devizes Gazette, March
26th, 1896.

Rey. William Henry Edward Mc Knight. Died May 3rd, 1896. B.A,
Trinity College, Dublin, 1847. M.A., 1878. Curate of Westport, 1847—49 ;
Lydiard Millicent, 1851—64. Chaplain to the Earl of Suffolk. Settled at
Purton on his marriage, removed to Lydiard Manor in 1852, where for many
years he took pupils. A keen politician, at first as a Liberal, afterwards as
a Liberal Unionist. Rector of Silk Willoughby, Lincoln, 1879—1896.
Author of Lydiard Manor and its History, cr. 8vo, 1892; National
Insurance the true Relief from the Poor Rate, a pamphlet, 1881 ; Dis-
cerning the Signs of the Times, a sermon preached in Westminster Abbey,
Oct. 15th, 1893. Obit. Notice, Devizes Gazette, May 14th, 1896.

Edward Benjamin Anstie. Born Oct. 19th, 1816. Died May 11th, 1896. |
Buried at the New Baptist Graveyard, Devizes. Though one of the best
known and most generally respected citizens of Devizes, belonging to a
family which has held a prominent position in the town for two centuries,
and the head of an important business—the well-known tobacco manufactory
—Mr. Anstie never took much part in municipal affairs. His bent was
rather towards religious and philanthropic matters, in which he always took
the greatest interest, more than one Nonconformist place of worship in
Devizes and the neighbourhood depending largely on his generous support.
Both in private charity and the support of religious societies he was known
to be extremely liberal. Obit. notices, Devizes Gazette, May 14th; and
Devizes Advertiser, May 14th, 1896.

GHiltshive Mooks, Damphlets, and Articles.

Churchwardens’ Accounts of 8. Edmund’s and 8S. Thomas’s, Sarum,
1448—1702, with other documents. By Henry James Fowle
Swayne, Recorder of Wilton, with an introduction by Amy M.
Straton, and a preface by the Lord Bishop of Salisbury. Salisbury :

7

Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 357

printed by Bennett Brothers, Jowrnal Office, 1896, Royal 8vo, pps. xl. and
403. [Issued to subscribers of 10s. 6d. to the “ Wilts Record Society.’’]

This handsome volume, the get-up of which does the greatest credit to
editor and printer alike, appears as the first year’s issue of the “ Wilts Record
Society”’—or, to be more accurate, as an earnest of what may be expected in
the future of that society, if, and when, it comes into being. Whether, how-
ever, this part of the series is destined to be followed by other volumes or not,
everyone interested in the history of Salisbury, or of Wiltshire, must be
grateful for the publication of these accounts, the earliest and most important
of their kind in all probability in the county, forming as they do a perfect
mine of illustration and information for the student of Church history and of
social life and customs in the fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
Practically the whole of the material was transcribed and much of it printed
by the late Mr. Swayne before his death, and since then it has been edited,
with the addition of an index nominum at the end, and a valuable analytical
introduction of 30 pages at the beginning, by his daughter, Mrs. C. R. Straton,
who has followed her father to the grave before the work for which the county
has to thank them both could be published. The one fault of the book—a
fault perhaps under the circumstances unavoidable, but still a fault which
lessens its usefulness—is the absence of explanatory notes, except in the
introduction, on the obscure words which abound in its pages. The introduction
—which has been separately printed in the Transactions of the Salisbury
Field Club—gives an interesting account of the principal contents of the
volume. The earliest actually existing account at St. Edmund’s is for 1443,
from which date until the beginning of the seventeenth century the accounts
are fairly complete. In addition to the churchwardens’ accounts the volume
contains an inventory of vestments, &c., in 1472, a list of briefs, and the
accounts of the stewards of the Fraternity of Jesus Mass in the Parish Church
of St. Edmund from 1476 to 1547. The accounts of St. Thomas’s extend from
1545 to 1690. Incorporated with the transcripts made by Mr. Swayne are
many accounts copied by Mr. Benson, the originals of which have since dis-
appeared, as well as entries from the vestry books and journal book. The duties
of the various Church officials, inventories of Church goods, the various Lights,
Font Taper, Fulling Taper, Pascal Taper, Holy Fire, Rood Light, Altar
Lights, &e—The Scotale, King’s Ale, and King’s Plays—Hocktyde and Frick
Friday—Gangweek—Funeral Customs—the Dances in Church—the various
items of Church and parish expenditure—the changes in the services—and a
hundred other subjects of the greatest interest are touched upon in these
accounts. To take a single instance—the pew-rent system is often spoken of
as a survival only from the evil days of the eighteenth century, but we here
find it, as indeed it may be found in many such early accounts, as the regularly
established custom of pre-Reformation times, dating at least from the middle
of the fourteenth century, when fixed pews in Churches seem to have become
common. It is, indeed, impossible to open the book without coming on some-
thing of interest bearing on the social and religious life of the three centuries
with which it deals, and perhaps few things will bring home to us more vividly
the forgotten customs of those bygone days than the curt and business-like
statements of these old accounts. Reviewed Salisbury Journal, May 16th, 1896,

358 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

A Handbook of British Lepidoptera, by Edward Meyrick, B.A.,
F.ZS8., F.E.S., Assistant Master of Marlborough College.
Macmillan & Co., London and New York. 1895. Large cr. 8vo. Cloth.
10s. 6d. net.

This stout volume of 843 pp. is designed, the author tells us, to supply a
want created by the fact that since Stainton’s Manual of British Butterflies
and Moths was published—thirty-six years ago—no really complete and
scientific work on the British Zepidoptera has appeared. Mr. Meyrick intends
this work to enable any student to identify his specimens with accuracy, and
also to acquire “such general knowledge of their structure and affinities as
ought to be possessed by every worker before proceeding to more special
investigations.” The book, however, is not a “ popular” handbook in the
ordinary acceptation of the term, and, with the exception of diagrams of the
venation of the wings, on which the author founds the classification of the
genera and species to a great extent, there are no illustrations. It is intended
rather to fill the kind of place in entomology that Hooker’s Student's Flora
fills in botany, an exact description being given of each species in strictly
scientific language in the shortest possible space, together with a description of

‘the larva, its food plants, and its geographical range in Britain and throughout
the world. The specific descriptions of the perfect insect have been drawn up
from actual specimens by the author himself, which, when one considers the
very large number of species of the smaller moths, must have necessitated an
amount of conscientious and careful work which it is difficult to overestimate.
But the portion of the work upon which the author himself probably sets the
highest value is that dealing with the classification of genera and species, and
in this he breaks new ground and sets forth a definite system based upon the
latest discoveries as to the natural affinities and apparent community of descent
of the various species—the outcome of a study, as he explains, of the lepi-
doptera, not of Great Britain only, but of the whole world—a study which
enables him to give a “ phylogeny ’’ of each family that he deals with—or, in
other words, a “ pedigree,” showing the probable relationship and course of
development of the different branches of that family. It is an eminently
scientific book, the fruit not only of careful study but of a very wide knowledge
indeed of the subject with which it deals—a subject on which, always supposing
that the classification therein set forth is generally accepted, it will doubtless
become a standard authority for the future. It will, however, come as no
small shock to collectors to find that the time-honoured classification of their
cabinets is to be so ruthlessly revolutionised. The old order in entomology is
changing indeed, and yielding place to new, when the buttertlies are to be
found sandwiched in among the moths after the Bombyces, and losing all
claim to be considered as distinct from moths at all! Favourably reviewed in
Guardian, March 18th; Spectator, March 28th, 1896.

Etchings of Marlborough College and its Surroundings, by Edward
J. Burrow. Published by W. H. Beynon & Co., Cheltenham (1896). Price
£1 1ls.6d. Artist’s proofs, £2 2s.

This series of etchings of the college and town will doubtless be welcomed

ee ee ee

Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 359

by old Marlburians as an interesting record of their famous school. The
subjects chosen are Duck’s Bridge, The Pavilion, The College Gate, The Oldest
House in Marlborough, The East End of the Chapel, The Old House, Foster’s
Shop, The Town from the Cricket Field, and The Approach to the College from
the High Street. They are of very unequal merit. In three of them the
artist has doubtless been inspired by the special charm of his subject, and has
put forth his powers with quite admirable results; “The Oldest House in
Marlborough” is a delightfully picturesque bit of half-timbered work ex-
cellently rendered—“ The East End of the Chapel” well conveys the beauty
of proportion and sense of ordered solemnity that the building itself possesses
in such a remarkable degree—and the view of St. Peter’s tower and the garden
front of “The Old House” is a not unworthy presentment of what is, perhaps
the most beautiful thing to be seen in Marlborough. These three plates are
excellent as etchings, and exceedingly pleasant to look on as pictures. On the
other hand “The Pavilion” is a hopelessly prosaic theme, and has evidently
been felt to be so by the artist, and “ The College Gate ” is also bald and poor.
From an artistic point of view, indeed, the series would have gained con-
siderably by the exclusion of these two views. “ Foster’s Shop” runs the
three first-mentioned hard, and the remaining plates are quite pleasing. On
the whole the artist is much to be commended, and the series is quite worth
the price at which it is published.

Bob Beaker’s Visit ta Lunnen ta zee tha Indian & Colonial
Exhibition, by the Author of Wiltshire Rhymes, &c. Salisbury.
12mo. Sewn. [1896.] pp. 18.

This little pamphlet contains a dialect prose story by Mr. Slow which ap-
peared as an appendix to some of the local almanacks this year. It is quite
one of the best things Mr. Slow has ever given us, exhibiting, as it does, real
humour and genuine South Wilts dialect—a combination which is none too
common. The story of Bob Beaker’s adventures in Duval’s Dining-room, and
the swopping of his watch with the man “vrim Mericky ”’ whose “ fiather’s
vrens war Willsheer voke,” is very diverting reading.

A Holiday in Salisbury and District. Published by Oliver Langmead.
Compiled (by permission) from notes furnished by T. J. Northy. Price 3d.
Post 8vo. Salisbury, 1896. Sewn. pp. 24.

This is a useful little guide-book, giving just the main facts as to the
principal objects of interest in Salisbury and the neighbourhood.

Lancaster’s Stonehenge Handbook : containing the opinions of some
of the most eminent writers on the origin and object of that
Mysterious Monument, &c. Salisbury. Cr. 8vo. [1894] Sewn.
pp. 26.

The introduction to this little pamphlet is in the true penny-a-line style, and
contains a good deal of information about the Druids, mistletoe, and so forth,
and several curious statements as to facts, e.g., that “ there are indications of
two ovals of stones intervening ”’ [between the sarsen and blue stone circles],
and that there are “three entrances to the Temple from the Plain.” The rest
of the pamphlet consists in extracts from various writers, beginning with
Camden, 1600, and ending with Hatcher, 1834.

VOL. XXVIIIL—NO. LXXXV. 2c

360 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
Wiltshire Notes and Queries, No. 12, Dec., 1895. The number opens

with a continuation of Mr. Elyard’s Annals of Purton, accompanied by nice
sketches of the Ponds Farm, Purton Stoke—once the “ Mansion House ” of ‘
William Bathe, Vicar of Purton at the end of the seventeenth century—and 5
“The Buthaye,” where was brewed “the St. George’s ale,” connected in .
pre-Reformation days with the cult of that saint in the Parish Ohurch. Mr.
Elyard’s instalment is a very interesting one. Next follow continuations of
Wilts Tithe Cases, in the seventeenth century, and extracts from the Gentle-

man's Magazine. Interesting as these extracts are, it is a somewhat striking :
commentary on the general accuracy of the information contained in the \
magazine that, in the seven pages here given, Hagley in Worcestershire,
Hebden in Yorkshire, Shipton, and Henbury St. Michael, are all stated
erroneously to be parishes in Wiltshire ; whilst misspellings, such as Fiskerton
Anges and Christian Welford are also found. The records available for the
History of Cholderton and the list of Wiltshire Wills proved in the Canterbury
Court are continued, and Mr. Kite begins a paper on “Southwick Court and
its Owners.’ The most interesting of the short “notes ” is the identification
of the two places mentioned in King Alfred’s will—Swinbeorg and Langandene
—as Swanborough Tump, between Woodborough and Pewsey, and Long Dean,
on Marlborough Downs. The former was apparently the meeting-place of
Ethelred and Alfred, as well as the spot from which the hundred takes its
name.

Ditto, No. 13, March, 1896.

My. Elyard’s well-written talk of Purton in the early seventeenth century,
dealing with Ashleys, Maskelynes, and Hydes, with a good pen drawing of
Clarendon House, and a process plate of a Maskelyne monument, is, as usual,
interesting and readable. The records of Cholderton and extracts from the
Gentleman's Magazine are continued. In the latter the amazing recklessness
as to accuracy of the editor of those days is again exemplified—Langley
Abbots (Herts), Bushey (Herts), Northey (? Herts), Stimley, Hembury,
Linbury, Amesden, Abbotston, Upminster (Essex), and Barclay are all men-
tioned as parishes in Wilts! The history of Southwick Court is concluded,
with much genealogical detail from Mr. Kite’s stores of such lore. Amongst
the short notes an interesting point as to the builder of the old house at Keevil
is raised by Mr. Talbot; and an extremely quaint and curious old invitation
card of the Wiltshire Society is well re-produced—it includes in one view
Salisbury Cathedral, as seen from the Close, Stonehenge in the distance, a
shepherd and his sheep in the foreground, and a flock of bustards between him
and the Cathedral! A process plate is also given of the heraldic stone at
Warminster, illustrated in vol. xx. of the Wilts Arch. Mag. Altogether the
number is a good one.

Salisbury Field Club Transactions, vol. ii., pt.i. The number commences
with an account of the proceedings of the club during 1895, including visits
to Sherborne, Shaftesbury, Norrington, Wardour, and Malmesbury. Then
follows the report of the annual meeting, from which it appears that the club
now numbers seventy-nine members. This is followed by the introduction to
the volume of Churchwardens’ Accounts of St. Thomas’s and St. Edmund’s,

Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 361

Salisbury, by Mrs. C. R. Straton, which has since been published, and of which
a notice appears above. A short paper on the Position of Tumuli, by F. J.
Bennett, F.G.S., is written in support of a theory of the writer’s that in the
neighbourhood of Marlborough and elsewhere there is a connection between
bourne and barrow, and that barrows were often intentionally placed near the
heads or banks of bournes or streams. He suggests that these were the tombs
of water worshippers, with the low-lying Avebury as the centre of their
worship—whilst the barrows on the hill-tops, with Stonehenge as their temple,
were those of the worshippers of fire—a theory which can hardly be said to
have large foundations to rest upon. The number also includes copies of
ancient documents by Mr. Malden and Lord Arundel of Wardour, supplemental

notes on South Wilts botany, by Mr, E. J. Tatum, and a survey of the Close °
in 1649,

The Birds of Britford. An‘interesting lecture on this subject, given by the
Rev. A. P. Morres, at the Blackmore Museum. Reported at length in the
Salisbury Journal, Dec. 7th, 1895. No one is more competent than Mr.
Morres to lecture on such a subject, but better things might have been expected
of him than the pernicious encouragement which he deliberately gives at the
end of his lecture to the shooting of all rare birds so long as it is done to enrich
“a collection.”” Most genuine naturalists will feel delighted that the Hen
Harrier at Dogdean did not succumb to the wiles of the farmer, and was not
honoured by a place in Mr. Morres’ collection. There are many lovers of birds
—the writer of these lines amongst them—who would willingly go many
miles to enjoy the sight of such a bird hunting in the flesh, who would
not say “Thank you” to see it stuffed in a case. What with collectors,
gamekeepers, and women’s hats, the wonder is that any interesting birds at all
survive in the British Isles, or indeed in the world.

Salisbury and Constance. A Memoir of Bishop Hallam. A lecture
delivered in the Blackmore Museum, Salisbury, by Canon Kingsbury, Dee.
9th, 1895. Reported in Wilts County Mirror, Dec. 13th. The author deals
especially with the action of the Bishop at the Council of Constance, 1414—
1416, where he took the lead among the English representatives in advocating

unity and reform, and, dying before its conclusion, was buried in the Cathedral
of that city.

Gilbert Burnet, Bishop of Salisbury. A lecture delivered at Salisbury,
by the Dean, on the life, character, and work of Bishop Burnet, is partially

: reported in Salisbury Journal, Jan. 4th, and Wilts County Mirror, Jan.
. 3rd, 1896.

| Life in Salisbury in the XVth Century. A lecture at the Blackmore
Museum, Salisbury, by the Rev. R. H. Clutterbuck, F.S.A. Wilts County
Mirror, Feb. 7th, 1896. This lecture is based principally upon the Church-
wardens’ Accounts of S. Thomas’s and S. Edmund’s, which have since been
published. The lecturer regards Salisbury as being for the South of England
a complete compendium of medieval customs, and few people are better able
to speak with authority on the subject than he is. Incidentally he mentions
a number of interesting survivals of ancient customs in South Wilts and

pg ae

362 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

Hampshire parishes—as, for instance, the “ Waffers,”’ stamped with the Tudor
rose, which, within the last twenty years, were sold at Hurstbourne Tarrant
at Mid-Lent-tide, and bought by the people much in the same way as hot cross
buns. These wafers were also distributed at Weyhill by the Rector, Dr. Kilner,
who died in 1853.

Ancient Pottery. A lecture delivered by Professor McKenny Hughes, F.R.S.,
F.S.A., at the Salisbury and South Wilts Museum, on the occasion of the
opening of the room built as a memorial to the late Mr. J. E. Nightingale.
The most interesting point dwelt on by the lecturer was the fact now coming
to be acknowledged, that Romano-British types of pottery, instead of ceasing
to be made when the Romans withdrew from Britain, really continued in
common use until after the Norman conquest, being associated with and
gradually being superseded by, the glazed medieval pottery in the thirteenth
century. Wilts County Mirror, Feb. 21st, 1896.

“Some Reminiscences of George Selwyn Marryat,” by “Red
Spinner” [Wm, Senior], Major Turle, R. B. Marston, and H. 8. Hall, with a
capital portrait. Fishing Gazette, 29th Feb., 1896, pp. 150—3.

“The late Mr. G. 8. Marryat,’’ by Major Carlisle. Reprinted from The
Field. Fishing Gazette, 7th March, 1896, p. 168.

“ A Wreath for George Selwyn Marryat’s Tomb,” by Cotswold Isis.
Nine stanzas.
I.—* Where Sarum lifts her lofty spire
Above green lawns in beauty spread,
There falls a gloom of sorrow dire,
Sad Avon mourns her lover dead,” etc.

“In Memoriam George Selwyn Marryat,” by T. Sanctuary, M.D.
Eleven stanzas.
I.—Sleep, cherished friend, secure from storm and wind ;
Thy life well acted, and thy past well played !
Where could a Selwyn fairer haven find,
Than ‘neath the sacred spire in cloistered shade? ’”’ ete.

Recollections of Salisbury—Salisbury—Old Sarum. A short article
by “Salisbury” in Fishing Gazette, April 18th, 1896, on the author’s fishing
adventures as a schoolboy in the early sixties, with remarks on Prof. Fawcett
and Mr. Marryat. There is nothing about Old Sarum.

Salisbury Spire. An article, with one illustration, in S¢. James’ Budget,
Jan. 31st, 1896.

Two views of the part now under repair, with articles on the subject.
Daily Chronicle, Feb. 29th, March 13th, 1896.

Bromham. View of cottage and borders of flowers, in Gardening Illustrated,
March 28th, 1896. Photo-process.

Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles. 363

Potterne. A pear tree in bloom at the Church House. Gardening Illustrated,
Aug. 3rd, 1895. Woodcut.

Wilts Visitation, 1565, is continued in the Genealogist, New Series, vol.
xii, Long of Wraxall to Penruddock of Hale, pp. 163—171, and Pleydell of
Lydiard to South of Swalloweliffe, p. 236.

The Wootton Bassett Almanack and Directory for 1896, published
by S. Riddick, contains a series of notes on the history of the place by Mr.
W. F. Parsons, which it is much to be wished may be continued and extended
in future numbers. No one knows so much of its history as Mr. Parsons.

Gillman’s Devizes Public Register, Almanack, and Directory for
1896, has an article of 7 pp. on “ Wiltshire Antiquities,” by C. G., illustrated
by cuts of Stonehenge, the Saxon Church at Bradford, and the old Noncon-
formist Chapel at Horningsham. The author dwells on the fact that these
three Wiltshire buildings mark three distinct eras in the religious history of
the country, and that each of them is the oldest of its kindin England. In his
account of Stonehenge the writer wisely follows Mr. Flinders Petrie, but he is
not correct in saying that the blue stones of the inner circle “ undoubtedly
came from Normandy.” The description of the Saxon Church at Bradford is
much to the point—and the sketch of the history of the old Horningsham
Chapel is not without interest.

Episcopal Palaces of England. By the late Precentor Venables and others.
With over a hundred illustrations by Alexander Ansted. Imp. 8vo. 2ls.
Isbister & Co. This is a re-publication, with some additions, of the series of
papers on Episcopal Palaces—including that of Salisbury—which appeared in
the Sunday Mag. 1896. Favourable notice in Guardian, Dec. 4th, 1895.

Tom Moore and America. A paper of three pages by C. H. Hart in the
Collector (New York), Feb., 1896, gives two unpublished letters of Moore’s,
one of them dated Devizes, 1818.

R. Jefferies. The Bibelot, a Reprint of Poetry and Prose for Book-lovers,
is a diminutive little serial published at Portland, Maine, U-.S.A., of which vol.

ii, No. 3, for March, 1896, consists entirely of extracts from the “ Story of
My Heart.”

Jerusalem a Praise in the Harth, by E. A. R. [Ernest Alfred Rawlence,
of Salisbury]. 8vo pamphlet of 15 pp. A collection of references to Palestine
in Scripture, explained as pointing to future developments in that country.

Speech delivered by Alderman Henry Phillips, at meeting held in
opposition to the Welsh Disestablishment Bill, at the Town Hall, Trowbridge,
June 12th, 1895. Pamphlet, cr. 8vo, 11 pp.

The Lion Sermon preached in 8. Katherine Cree Church, on Wed.
Oct. 16th, 1895, by the Lord Bishop of Southwark [Dr. Yeatman}.

Pamphlet. Large 8vo, pp. 7. The founder of this sermon, in whose memory
it was preached, was Sir John Gayer, Lord Mayor of London, whose portrait
by Vandyke hangs at Stockton House.

364 Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.

The House of Lords: a Defence, by Henry Hull. Published by J. E.
‘ Watmough, of Idle. 3d. Pamphlet. Appeared originally as a series of
articles in a Yorkshire paper. Noticed, North Wilts Herald, 21st June,
1895. The author is a native of Wilts.

‘““The Tintometer.”’ An article in Chambers’s Journal, March, 1896. An
extremely valuable instrument for measurement of colour. Invented by J.
W. Lovibond, of Salisbury. Largely used in commerce and science and
medicine, as for testing flour, water, vision, colour-blindness, changes in the
blood of hospital patients, etc., ete. Notice, Salisbury Journal, March 21st,
1896.

A Brave Surrender, one vol., Walter Scott, 1895, price 5s., is a story by
Emily Grace Harding (daughter of the late Dr. Harding, Vicar of Martin),
the scene of which is laid principally in Salisbury and on the Plain.

The Grave in the Vale, from Williams’ “ Poems in Pink,” has been set to
music by Mr. Domingo Merry del Val. Dedicated to our hunting Friends in
Wilts, and published by Hopwood & Crew, London.

The Relation of the Christian Revelation to Experience. A paper by
Emma Marie Caillard in Contemporary Review, Jan., 1896.

The Intellectual Position of Christians. By E.M.Caillard. Five papers
in Parents’ Review, Jan.—May, 1896.

Original Poems printed in the Wilts County Mirror, On the Retirement
of the Duke of Cambridge, by J. T. Roe, Nov. 15th, 1895; on Approach of
Winter, by Edwin Young, Nov. 22nd, 1895 ; Quidhampton, by Mary Dennant,
Dec. 6th, 1895 ; England’s Latest Heroes, by J. R. R., April 25th, 1896.

Catalogue of Pictures and Objects of Art exhibited at The Larmer
Grounds from September 2nd to September 9th, 1895. London.
(1896.) Pamphlet. 8vo. pp. 21.

This—as the preface by Gen. Pitt-Rivers tells us—is a record subsequently
issued of a collection of objects of art and interest lent by himself and other
residents in the neighbourhood, many of them with local associations, which
was opened to the public during the week of the Larmer Sports in 1895. It

is an eloquent testimony to the value of the efforts so lavishly made by the .

General for the education of the people in artistic and historical matters, that
—although few places can be more “in the depth of the country” than Larmer
—no less than seven thousand nine hundred and thirty-one people visited the
exhibition during the week !

The Rushmore-Larmer Golf Links. 8vo. pp.14. (1896). This pamphlet
contains a map of Gen. Pitt-Rivers’ latest addition to the attractions of Larmer,
with the rules under which the links are available for the public, and the rules
of the game.

Additions to Museum and Library. 365

PortTRAITS :—

Major-General Lord Methuen, C.B., C.M.G. Excellent full-length
portrait in The Navy and Army Illustrated., Jan. 3rd, 1896.

The Bishop of Salisbury and Mrs. Wordsworth (Miss M. Williams).
Photo-process portraits in Black and White, Jan. 4th; Churchwoman, Jan.
10th; Penny Illustrated Paper, Jan, 11th,; Queen, Jan. 18th, St. James’
Budget, Jan. 31d; a portrait of Miss Williams in The Lady, Jan. 9th, 1896,
and of the Bishop in The Star.

Rt. Hon. W. H. Long. Windsor May., Feb., 1896.

8. Darling, of Beckhampton and Wroughton. Racing Illustrated, Feb. 5th,
1896.

Thomas Henry Baker, as Chairman of Mere Rural District Council.
Portrait and notice, Parish Councils Gazette, Nov. 2nd, 1895.

The Duke of Beaufort. Racing Illustrated, Nov. 27th, 1895.

The Marquess of Lansdowne, K.G. Portrait and notice, County Gentle-
man, Dec. 14, 1895. Sketch in Penny Illustrated Paper, Jan. 18th, 1896.

Wilts M.P.s. The supplement to the Wiltshire Chronicle, in the form of a
sheet almanack for 1896, gives excellent process portraits of all the Members
for Wilts, with Mr. W. H. Long and Sir M. Hicks-Beach.

Lady Collins, Lady in Waiting to the Duchess of Albany, daughter of Rev.
Henry Wightwick, Rector of Codford St. Peter. Strand Magazine, Jan. 1896.

Additions to Asem and Aibvary.

MUSEUM.
Presented by Mz. MusseLwHitE: The Great Seal, as attached to a patent
taken out by: himself.

Purchased: Two Marshfield Tokens :—
MATHEW . MEADE . IN=The Mercers’ Arms.

le

MARSHFIELD . 1669=M.M.M.

THOMAS . WATERFORD=The Grocers’ Arms. ;
OF . MARSHFIELD . 1667=T.M.wW.

366

Additions to Museum and Library.

LIBRARY.

Presented by Cox. Macratn: Beckford’s Thoughts on Hunting.

Mr. W. H. Bett: Rules of the Beay Club.——Old print of the
Devizes Volunteers.

Rey. E. H. Gopparp: The OldTestament Scriptures, by Rev.
H. Harris.

Messrs. W. H. Beynon & Co.: Series of Etchings of Marl-
borough College and its Surroundings.

Mr. F. Hienman: Twenty-four lithograph views of Salisbury.

Mr. G. E. Dartnett: Bob Beaker’s Visit to Lunnen.—News-
paper cuttings.

Mr. C. Grntman: Devizes Public Register, &c., 1896.

Mr. W. F. Parsons: Wootton Bassett Almanack and Directory,
1896.—Articles of Association of Wootton Bassett Cattle
Plague Association, 1865.

Tur BrsHor or SourHwAkK: Lion Sermon, 1895. (Reference
to Stockton.)

Me. A. ScoompBerc: Cuttings and notices.

Miss Ewart: iFramed Photo from Drawing of Old Houses in
Wine St., Devizes.

Mr. W. Brown: Poetical Works of Rev. G. Crabbe, with his
Life, eight vols.

Gen. Pitt-Rivers: Catalogue of Pictures and Objects of Art ex-
hibited at the Larmer Ground, 1895.—The Rushmore-Larmer
Golf Links, 1896.

Rey. M. Rossins: A Description of the Covenant of Grace,
By Rev. Joseph Alleine, 1788.

Rev. E. H. Gopparp: Fifty-four original pen drawings of
objects in the Stourhead Collection.

Mr. T. Lestie: Fifteen ditto ditto

Miss CuarKkeE: Four ditto ditto

MAR.97

END OF VOL. XXVIII.

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oad ANNUAL MEETING.

_ The Annual Meeting of the Society will be held at Sarissury,

July 14th—16th.

July 14th—The General Meeting will be held at the County Hotel,
2.30. The Cathedral and other objects of interest in Salisbury
will be visited in the afternoon, and a limited number of
Members will visit Longford Castle.

July 15th.—There will be an Excursion to Dean, Mottisfont Abbey,
and Romsey Abbey.

July 16th, to Mere and Stourton.

Papers on Salisbury Guilds, Romsey Abbey, &c., &c., will be read
at the Evening Conversaziones on the 14th and 15th.

*,* The surplus proceeds of the Meeting will be given to the fund

for the repair of the Cathedral Tower and Spire.

QUERIES AND REQUESTS.
NOTES ON LOCAL ARCHAEOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY.
Tue Eprror of the Magazine asks Members in all parts of the county
to send him short, concise notes of anything of interest, in the
. way of either Archeology or Natural History, connected with
Wiltshire, for insertion in the Magazine.

CHURCHYARD INSCRIPTIONS.
The Rey. E. H. Gopparp would be glad to hear from anyone who
. is willing to take the trouble of copying the whole of the in-
: scriptions on the tombstones in any churchyard, with a view to
‘ helping in the gradual collection of the tombstone inscriptions
of the county. Up to the present, about thirty-five churches
and churchyards have been completed or promised.

WILTSHIRE PHOTOGRAPHS.

_ The attention of Photographers, amateur and professional, is called
. to the Report on Photographic Surveys, drawn up by the
Congress of Archzeological Societies and issued with No. 84
of the Magazine. The Committee regard as very desirable
the acquisition of good photographs of objects of archeological
and architectural interest in the county, in which special at-
tention is given to the accurate presentment of detail rather
than to the general effect of the picture. The Secretaries would
be glad to hear from anyone interested in photography who
would be willing to help on the work by undertaking to photo-
graph the objects of interest in their own immediate neighbour-
hoods. The photographs should, as a rule, be not /ess than
half-plate size, unmounted, and must be printed in permanent
process.

TO BE DISPOSED OF, a duplicate copy of each of the following
books :—Hoare’s “ Ancient Wiltshire,” 2 vols., folio; “ Modern Wilts,”
“Hundreds of Heytesbury ” and “ Branch and Dole,” 2 vols., folio;
Canon Jackson’s “ History of Grittleton,” 4to ; Aubrey’s ‘“ Natural
History of Wilts,” 4to; Smith’s “Choir Gaur,” large paper 4to ; also the
first five vols. of ‘* The Wilts Magazine,” containing all the rare numbers
of that publication.—Apply to Mr. W. Cunninaron, 58, Acre-lane,
London, 38.W

| Fat al 4. : ara ee OP ee

ily
Genealogy, Ge, 1883.
eckford. Recollections of 3808.
‘itto Memoirs.of, 1
ford Family. Toninticotces, 1887.
ence, Sir T. Cabinet of Gems.
sporting Incidents. in the Life of
another Tom Smith, M.F.H., 1867.
i Marlborough College Natural Histor 'y
Society. Report. 1881.
Gord Clarendon. History of the
Rebellion, Reign of Charles II.,
Clarendon Gallery Charagters, Claren-
don and Whitelocke compared, the
Clarendon Family vindicated, &c.
Broad Chalke Registers. Moore, 1881.
eee: Archzological Index.
Hobbes (T.). Leviathan.
Oliver (Br G.). Collections illustrating
a History of Catholic Religion in
Cornwall, Wilts, &e.
_ Bishop Burnet. History of His Own
ey Time.

Ditto History of the Reformation.

Passages in Life of John,
Earl of Rochester.
_ Warton (Rev. J., of Salisbury). Poems,
3 Be 1794.
~ Woollen Trade of Wilts,
and Somerset, 1803.
iot in the County of Wilts, 1739.

Ditto

Gloucester,

Peer Church of Salisbur
Addison (Joseph). Life and Wo
Life of John Tobin, by Miss Benge
Gillman’s Devizes Register. 1859—69.
R. Jefferies. Any of his. Works.
Besant’s Eulogy of R. Jefferies.
Morris’ Marston and Stanton.
Moore. Poetical Works. Memoirs.
Mrs. Marshall. Under Salisbury Spire.
Maskell’s Monumenta Ritualia. Sarum
Use.
Armfield. Legend of Christian Sere
Salisbury Cathedral. 1869.
Walton’s Lives. Hooker. Herbert.
Slow’s Wilts Rhymes, 2nd Series.
Register of S. Osmund. Rolls Series. =
Marian Dark. Sonnets and Poubae:
1818. ;
Village Poems by J. C. B. Malkelnen

1825.

Bowles. Poetical Works and Life, by
Gilfillan. ee

Collison’s Beauties of British “Antiq- ,
uity.

Babnehrolces Lord. Life of, by Mac-
knight.

Massinger’ s Plays, &e.

Guest's Origines Celtice.

Stokes’ Wiltshire Rant.

Walker's Liturgy of the Church of
Sarum.

Be N.B.—Any Books, Pamphlets, &c., written by Natives of Wiltshire, one :
Residents in the County, on any subject, old Newspapers, Cuttings, Seraps, —
fe Election Placards, Squibs, &c., and any original Drawings or Prints of objects

cay in the County, will also be acceptable. ae

Bea: Ag EN TS

WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE, 4

MPH, Hdvs <0 ys oC: Haier, 8, 8, Bridge Street.

‘'¢ UI RLOL Ld ckalele sce James Fawn & Sons, 18, Queen’s Reads
Sn eee C. T. Jerrertes & Sons, Redeliffe Street.
ae alae...) Nhte ce A. Heats & Son, Market Place.

= Chippenham ...... Rk. F. Houtston, High Street.

ag Ctrencester......... A. T. Harmer, Market Place.

By BES I. 60's Hurry & Pearson, St. John Street.
Marlborough... Miss E. Lucy, High Street.

Jas. Parker & Co., Broad Street.
Brown & Co., Cana

G. W. Rosnz, 66, Fore Street.
B.. W. Coarss, Market Place.

DEVIZES.

SRO Cs

= Salisbury
Trowbridge
Warminster

HURRY & PEARSON, MACHINE PRINTERS,

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