Young folks pictures and stories of animals..

Natural fis tory for Little Folks

YOUNG FOLKS

Pictures and Stories of Animats

Gor Home ano Schoot

BY MRS. SANBORN TENNEY

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YOUNG FOLKS’

PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS

FOR HOME AND SCHOOL

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QUADRUPEDS

WITH EIGHTY-SEVEN WOOD ENGRAVINGS

BOSTON Or 20 590 Ne
LEE AND SHEPARD, PUBLISHERS
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CHARLES T. DILLINGHAM
1887

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YOUNG FOLKS’
PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS

FOR HOME AND SCHOOL

By Mrs. SANBORN TENNEY

In Six Volumes. Containing 500 Wood abies
Each Volume complete in itself

QUADRUPEDS

BIRDS
FISHES AND REPTILES

BEES, BUTTERFLIES, AND OTHER INSECTS
SEA SHELLS AND RIVER SHELLS
SEA-URCHINS, STAR-FISHES, AND CORALS

Copyright, 1868, 1886,

By Apsy A. TENNEY.

VS Quadrupeds.

PREFACE.

i

BELIEVING that there is nothing in which chil-
dren are naturally more interested than they are in
animals, and that there are no other objects which
can be used to greater advantage than these in their
instruction, the writer has prepared these Pictures
and Stories of Animals for the Little Ones, to in-
struct as well as to interest and amuse them.

_ There are six books in the series, each one com-
plete in itself; and they are so arranged that to-
gether they make a Juvenile Library of the Natural
_ History of Animals.

The first book contains »“ctures and stories of
Mammals or Quadrupeds ; the second book, pictures
and stories of Birds; the third, of Reptiles and
Fishes; the fourth, of Bees, Butterflies, and other

al PREFACE.

Insects, and of Crustaceans and Worms; the fifth,
of Shells, and the animals which live in them; and
the sixth, of Sea-Cucumbers, Sea-Urchins, Star-
Fishes, Jelly-Fishes, Sea-Anemones, and Corals.
The wood engravings in the six books are more
than five hundred in number, and are true to na-
ture. Several of them were drawn and engraved
expressly for this series ; the others are mainly
from Tenney’s “ Manual of Zodlogy,” “* Natural
History of Animals,” and other works of Tenney’s

Natural History Series.

August, 1868.

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GONTENTS.

ee
First IDEAS ABOUT MAMMALS
THE FouR-HANDED ANIMALS.
The Gorilla— Chimpanzee — Orang-Outang — Kahau — Spi-
der Monkey — Marmoset— Lemur— Aye-Aye. . . 1
Tue FLESH-EATERS, OR BEASTS OF PREY.
The Lion — Tigers — Jaguar — Leopard — Panther — Puma
— Canada Lynx —Wild Cat —Wolf— Dogs — Foxes — Civet
— Weasel — Sable — Mink — Wolverine — Otter — Skunk
— Badger — Bears — Raccoon — Seals — Walrus : see iees
THE PLANT-EATERS. *
The Virginia Deer — Moose — Irish Elk — Reindeer — Cari-
bou — Wapiti — Musk Deer — Giraffe — Prong-horn Ante-
lope — Rocky Mountain Goat — Gazelle — Chamois —
VMountain Sheep — Musk Ox — Bison, or Buffalo — Llama
Peet Plephant co oe Se ee . TA-
THE WHALES.
The White Whale— Right Whale— Sperm Whale— Dolphin
and Porpoise ° ° : : : ‘ : - 108-

THE Bats . z : f : 5 a ae A125 -

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9-24

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107

124

126

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Vill CONTENTS.

THE INSECT-EATERS.
The Galeopithecus — Shrews — Moles — Tenrec — Hedge-

hog = e Ss cs , e 2? e e e e e

THE GNAWERS.
The Gray Squirrel — Flying Squirrel — Striped Squirrel —
Leopard Spermophile— Prairie Dog — Beaver— Pouched
Rat —- Brown Rat —- Black Rat — White-footed Mouse —

Jumping Mouse — Muskrat — Porcupine — Hares and
Rabbits. : - 4 ‘ . : . :

THE ANIMALS WITHOUT: FRONT TEETH.
The Armadillo s e 2 © Sc e ce o e

THE PoucHED ANIMALS.
The Opossum — Kangaroo — Wombat a? -p-ayhe =

THE DUCKBILLS . ; é : = = a : -

CONCLUDING WoRDS z 3 : : : is ss

126-130

1380-146

146-147

147-149
149-150

150

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PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

You have so much loved to look at the pictures
of animals in the books upon your papa’s table,
that i think you will like to have some little books
of your own, which have in them many pictures of
animals and a little story about each one of them,
tellmg you where it lives, how large it is, and
what kind of a home it makes for itself and its
little ones. You, Sanny, are too young to read,
but I am sure you will love to have your sister
read to you some of these little stories.

When you go to walk in the woods and fields, or
to ride in the boat upon the pond, or when you are
only looking out of the window, you often see sey-
eral kinds of animals. Some kinds are large like
the Horse and the Ox, and some are small like the

10 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

Squirrel which you saw the other day lcaping so
-nimbly from bough to bough, or like the little shin-
ing Beetles which glide so swiftly over the water
in the shady nook where we tie the boat. But you
must not think that there are no animals larger
than the Horse and the Ox, and none smaller than
the Beetles ; in this little book you will find a pic-
ture of the Elephant, an animal much larger than
the largest ox; and of the Whale, the largest an-
imal in the world; and there are animals so small
that many hundreds of them can live in a single
drop of water!

In this little book I shall show you pictures,
and tell you stories of Mammals, or Quadrupeds,
—the last word means Four-footed Animals.

Some kinds of animals have all their feet like
hands, and such animals are made to live on
trees, and they can climb well. As they seem to
have four hands, they are called Four-handed An-
imals. On the next page there is a picture of one

of them. Some of them, like the one in the pic-

ture, are often called Apes; others have a long

tail, and are called Monkeys; and others have a

long tail, and a head much like that of a dog, and

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FIRST IDEAS ABOUT MAMMALS. 4a

A Four-handed Animal.

are called Baboons. All of the Four-handed An-
imals live in warm countries, and I will soon tell
you more about them.

12 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

Some kinds of animals have very sharp teeth
and sharp claws, and they kill and eat other an-

A Flesh eater, or Beast of Prey.

imals, and they are called Flesh-eaters, or Beasts
of Prey. Here is a picture of one of them.
Cats, Dogs, Wolves, Foxes, Hyenas, Weasels,
Bears, and Seals are Flesh-eaters.

FIRST IDEAS ABOUT MAMMALS. ts

Some kinds of animals are made to eat grass,
leaves, and tender twigs of bushes and trees, and
they are called the Plant-eaters. As their feet end
in hoofs, they are often called the Hoofed Animals.

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A Plant-eater, or Hoofed Animal.

Some kinds of animals are made to live in the
sea, but are also made to breathe air, and so they
have to come often to the surface of the water to
get the air; and they breathe through a hole on the
top of their head. They are called Whales, and
some of them are the largest animals in the world.

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FIRST IDEAS ABOUT MAMMALS. 15

Some kinds of animals have broad thin wings,
and are made to fly in the air like birds; they have
no feathers, but are covered with fur, and the small
ones look like a mouse with wings. They are called
Bats. | |

A Bat. -

Some kinds of animals look like little mice, and
are made to live in the ground, and to feed upon
worms and little insects, and they are called Insect-
eaters, and here is a picture of one of them.

An Insect-eater.

Some kinds of animals are made for feeding upon
bark and nuts; they have strong sharp teeth, and
can easily gnaw the bark from a tree, or gnaw into

16 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

a nut and get the nice sweet food within. They
are called the Gnawers. Beavers, Squirrels, Hares,
Rats, and Mice are of this sort.

Some kinds of animals have no front teeth; and
others have no teeth at all. Some of these animals
have fur, and others have a hard bony or horny coy-—
ering. Here is a picture of one which has a hard

An Animal without front teeth.

FIRST IDEAS ABOUT MAMMALS. civ

horny covering. Of those animals which have
no teeth, the most curious are the Ant-eaters of
South America. They have a long tongue, cov-
ered with a sticky fluid, and they push their tongue
into the ant-nests, and the ants stick to it and
are drawn out and swallowed.

Some kinds of animals have a sack or pouch on
the under side of the body, in which they carry

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A Pouched Animal.

their little ones before they are able to walk and run
about; and these are called the Pouched Animals.
The Opossum of our country and the Kangaroo
of Australia are of this kind.

VOL. I. Y

18 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

And there are some kinds of animals that have
a bill much lke that of a duck, and webbed feet,
and a body covered with fur; they are bird-like

animals, and are called Duckbills. Here is a

picture of one of these curious animals. It lives
far away in Australia. No animals of this kind

are found in our country.

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A Bird-like Animal.

God has made some animals to live only in cold
and frozen regions, where ice and snow cover the
ground all of the year. He has made others to live
in lands that are cold during one part of the year,
and warm during the other part; and others, still,
he has made, whose home is where it is always
summer, where the trees are always green, and

fruits grow in great abundance. -

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THE APES AND MONKEYS. 19

THE FOUR-HANDED ANIMALS.

Ir is in the warm countries that the Apes,
Monkeys, and Baboons live,— the curious animals,
whose feet look like hands. There are many kinds
of these animals, and they are of all sizes, from
_ those no larger than a squirrel to those as large as
a man. ‘They live in the forests, mostly on the
trees ; for they are fitted for climbing, and for leap-
ing from tree to tree and from limb to limb. Some
kinds of monkeys have a long tail which they can
twist around the branches, and thus use it as a
hand in climbing. All of these animals eat fruits
and nuts, and also birds’ eggs and insects. Some
kinds have a pouch or sack on each side of the
mouth, in which they can carry food. Many of
them are playful, and all are selfish and thievish,
and full of mischief. |

The Gorilla is the largest of the Apes. It lives
in Africa, and it is larger than a man, and so
powerful that it can tear a man to pieces in a
moment. —

Another very large ape is the Chimpanzee, which

20 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

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The Chimpanzee.

lives in Guinea, in Africa, and looks so much like

aman, that, in his own country, he is called by

THE APES. 21

The Orang-Outang.

a name which means “man of the forest.”? The

Chimpanzees live together in large numbers, and

22 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

The Kahau.

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The Spider-Monkey. The Lemur.

build a sort of nest or hut among the branches of
large trees. Another large ape is the Orang-
Outang whose picture I have shown you on another

page. This ape lives on the island of Borneo.

es

THE MONKEYS. 23

The Orang, like the Chimpanzee, builds nests of
leaves and branches.

The Kahaus, or Long-nosed Monkeys, live to-
gether in large numbers in Borneo and the south-
ern part of India, and as they bound and frolic
they cry kahau, kahau. ‘They are about the size
of a large dog.

There are many kinds of monkeys in South
America, and most of them have a long tail,
and the tail is so made that they can pick up
things with it as if it were a hand, and they can
grasp with it the branches of trees, and thus use
it in climbing; and some kinds can put their
tail so firmly around the limbs of the trees that
they can let go with their hands and swing by the
_ tail, without falling. Some kinds of the South
American monkeys make loud and frightful yells
in the night; these are called the Howlers. Some
kinds have long, sprawling, spider-like legs, and
are called Spider-Monkeys. Some kinds make a
mournful cry, and so they are called the Weepers.
Some kinds have a long bushy tail like that of a
fox, and so they are called the Fox-tailed Monkeys.
Some kinds look so much like squirrels that they

24 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

are called Squirrel-Monkeys. The little Marmosets
also look like squirrels as they nimbly run-about
and leap from tree to tree; their fur is long, soft,
and beautiful, and they are so gentle and graceful
that some people keep them for pets.

The Lemurs are monkey-like little animals which
live on the island of Madagascar. They are very
pretty, with soft silky fur, and a large bushy tail.
In the same island lives the Aye-Aye, a curious,
monkey-like animal, about the size of a cat, with

——
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The Aye-Aye.

large ears, and with teeth much like those of a
squirrel. It digs a hole in the ground, in which
it sleeps in the daytime, coming out at night for
its food. |

THE CATS. 95

THE FLESH-EATERS, OR BEASTS OF PREY.

You like the cat, and love. to have her he in
your lap, where you can feel her soft fur, and
listen to her purring, as you gently stroke her
with your hand. She is very tame and does not
scratch nor bite. But the house cats were once
wild, and lived in the woods, though they have
long been tame as you see them now. ‘There are,
however, many kinds of cats which are wild and
live in the forests, and are never handled except
by daring men, who sometimes get them when
they are young, and train them so that they can
handle them and play with them as you do with
your pretty kittens. These cats are called Lions,
Tigers, Leopards, Panthers, Pumas, and Lynxes.
You have never heard these animals called cats
before, but they are true cats, and they have sharp
teeth, and sharp claws, and cushions on the bot-
toms of their feet, so that they can step softly,
and they watch for their prey, and when they
have stealthily crept near to it, they pounce upon

‘it with a spring, just as you have seen your puss

26 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

spring upon a mouse or a bird. ‘These great
fierce cats eat sheep, deer, antelopes, and other
large animals, and when they get a chance, even

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The Lion.

The Lion is one of the largest of the cats, and ~

THE LION. 27

lives in Africa, and in the southern part of Asia.
He is as long as an ox, but does not stand so
high; the color is pale dingy yellow, and the long
tail ends in a tuft of black hair, and the head
and neck are clothed with a long, full, flowing
mane. His head is very large; and, when the
Lion is angry, his eyes flame like fire, his mane
stands erect, he shows his teeth, and thrusts out
his claws which are as long as a man’s fingers,
and he is then very terrible to look upon. The
strength of the Lion is very great; one stroke
of his paw will crush the head of the great buffalo,
and he can carry off the body of a man as easily
as a cat can carry off a mouse.

The Lion is often called the “king of the for-
est,’ but he does not live so much in the forest
as on the plains, and in those places where the
antelopes go to feed. Like the house cat, the
Lion almost always spends the day in rest and
sleep, and hunts his prey at night; and he hides
and lies in wait, or creeps slowly towards his
victim, and then springs forward upon it with
a bound, and sometimes with a dreadful roar.

The roar of the Lion is very terrific; the Arabs

28 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

call it by a word which means thunder. It is
said that Lions are more active and furious on
those nights when storms are raging, and their
roarings, together with the thunder, the torrents
of rain, and the vivid flashes of lightning, make
the night one of horror to the traveller encamped
upon the plains or in the forest. When the ani.
mals which are resting on the plains hear the
roar of the Lion, they start up frightened, and

bound away, and, in their terror, often rush to-

wards the spot where the Lion is crouching ready

to spring upon them.

The Teeth of a Flesh-eater.

I have told you that all the cats have very
sharp teeth; they are made to eat the flesh of
other animals, and their back teeth do not shut

upon each other to crush food as yours do, but

THE LION. 29

the teeth in the upper and lower jaws shut by
each other like the blades of a pair of scissors,
and thus they cut the flesh in pieces. The tongue
of the cat is very curious; you know how rough
your little kitten’s tongue is; the Lion’s tongue
is much more rough, so rough that if he should
lick a man’s hand, as kitty sometimes licks yours,
he would tear away the skin. |

The Lion and Lioness take good care of their
young ones; they guard them from harm, and
bring them tender food to eat, and when they
are about five or six months old, they take them
out to hunt, and to teach them to kill for them-
selves. The young Lions stay with their parents
about three years; when they are eight years
old they are full-grown, and they live thirty or
forty years.

Many daring men like to hunt these fierce, sav-
age animals, and the hunters and the travellers,
who have visited the countries in which Lions
live, have told us much about them. We are
told that the Lion often lies in wait near springs
of water, so as to attack the animals that come
to drink, and it is said that when the Lion

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30 PICTURES AND .STORIES OF ANIMALS.

springs upon a giraffe, —a tall, beautiful animal
that I shall tell you about by and by,—he iy
sometimes carried for miles fixed to the neck
of the fleet creature, before it sinks bleeding and
dying under him.

The negroes know that the Lion is found on
the open plains, and near the herds of antelopes,
and that he kills and eats his prey at evening
and very early in the morning; and so when they
wish to kill Lions, they watch the herds feeding
on the plains, and if they seem frightened and
run, they know that they have been attacked by

Lions, so they mark the spot, and at noon when

the sun is hot, they cautiously come near, and

almost always find the Lion sleeping, and then
they shoot him with a poisoned arrow. The
Lions often come near towns and settlements to
attack the cattle, and sometimes the people.
A story is told of a man who was driving
some cattle to drink, and who saw that he was
pursued by a Lion; the man ran to a tree, up
which he climbed; the Lion followed and lay
down at the foot of the tree; all day and all
night the Lion waited, and the man remained

Cy eee eee ee

THE TIGERS. BA

in the tree; at last the Lion became so thirsty
for water, that he went away to drink, and while
he was gone the man fled to his home, which
was about a mile away; the Lion returned to
the tree, and, finding the man gone, he followed
him nearly to his door.

The Royal Tiger is as large as the lion, but
it has a smaller head. It lives in the southern
part of Asia, and on the large islands of that
region. Though not so noble looking as the lion,
it is a more graceful animal, and its colors are
much more beautiful. It is yellow, handsomely
striped with black, and underneath it is almost
pure white. When pleased it purrs, and rubs
itself against any object which is near, just as
you have often seen your kitty rub herself against
the sofa or the legs of the table. The Tiger is
said to be more fierce than the lion. ft lurks in
the jungles and forests, and among the bushes
that grow along the river-banks, and springs
upon its prey, sometimes leaping as many as fifty
feet to secure it. It is often easily frightened.
A lady in India, seeing a Tiger about to spring
upon some people, frightened it away by quickly
opening an umbrella before it!

392 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

Horses have such a dread of Tigérs that they
are not much used in hunting these fierce animals.
So the tiger-hunters ride to the hunt upon ele-
phants, which are not so easily frightened, and
stand more steadily, and are so powerful that
when the Tiger springs upon them, they are al-
most always able to shake him off. .

The Tiger is very strong, and very swift in its
motions. Once, during the march of an army
through a forest, a Tiger sprang upon a horse-
man, snatched him from the saddle, and bore him
off into the woods before any one could give help
to the poor man. |

The Jaguar, or American Tiger, is a very power-
ful and very fierce cat which lives in Texas,
Mexico, and South America. It is smaller than
the Royal Tiger of India, and it is of a yellowish
color, marked and spotted with black. It preys
upon all kinds of animals which it can catch, and
it often lies in wait near springs and streams, ©
where animals come to drink, and from behind a
bush, or from the branches of a tree, it leaps
down upon young cattle, deer, and horses, and

fastens its sharp teeth in some poor animal’s neck,

THE JAGUAR AND LEOPARD. 33

while its sharp claws are struck deep into his
back and sides. The poor creature is soon killed,
and then the Jaguar begins to eat it. The Jaguar
never runs after its prey as wolves do, but fol-
lows it slyly and stealthily. It will sometimes
follow a man for a long time, that it may get a
chance to spring upon him suddenly. The Jaguars
swim across rivers, and they sometimes plunge into
the water and attack the Indian in his canoe.

The Leopard lives in Africa and in Asia. _ It
is about half as large as the Tiger; its form is
elegant, and its movements are very graceful. Its
skin is very beautiful; the color is pale yellow,
covered all over the back and sides with roundish
spots of black, but fading into white below. The
Leopard is very active, and he swims, bounds,
creeps, and climbs trees. He 1s often called the
Tree-Tiger, because he runs up the trees so easily,
and leaps about from branch to branch; some-
times he crouches and stretches himself along a
limb, so that he can scarcely be noticed, and lies
there waiting to spring down upon some animal
which is passing beneath. Leopards eat small
antelopes, deer, and little monkeys. Those that

¥OL.. I. 3

34 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

live near settlements come and steal sheep and
pigs, and they will attack man if they can creep
up behind him. The Leopard is easily tamed, and
plays like a kitten. The Panther looks very

much like the Leopard, and it is found in the :

same countries.
The Puma is a cat which lives in the forests of
our country, and it is as large as the largest dog.
It is sometimes called the American Lion; it is
also called the Panther, and the Catamount, or
Cat of the Mountain. It is long and slender, and
its color is a silvery-fawn, or reddish gray, upon —
the back, and it is nearly white below. It eats —
young deer, raccoons, hares, birds, and other
small animals; it often climbs trees, and lies
upon a limb, ready to spring upon its prey as it
passes under the tree; and it sometimes comes
to the farm-yards and kills the sheep and lambs.
Unless very hungry, it will not attack man in the.
daytime, but it will sometimes spring upon him
at night, — for, like other cats, it prowls about at
night for its food. But it is afraid of fire, and
so the woodsman and the traveller frighten away
the Puma by keeping up a blazing fire all night,

THE PUMA. oy

In the mountains the Puma’s den is near the
mouth of some cave in the rocks, and only just
far enough in to be sheltered from the rain; in

the marshy lands the Puma’s lair is in a dense

The Puma.

thicket, or among the tall weeds and grass. The
Puma sometimes utters a wild, startling cry or
growl, which is not pleasant to hear. The Puma
is very bloodthirsty, and it has been known to
kill fifty sheep in one night, for the sake of sip-
ping a little blood from each one of them.

36 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

The Canada Lynx lives in the forests of the |
northern parts of our country, and is as large as
a good-sized dog, and its ears are tipped with long
black hairs. Its feet are very large, and its claws
are long and sharp. The Lynx catches hares,

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The Canada Lynx.

squirrels, and partridges, pursuing the birds even
among the tree-tops. The Wild-Cat is very much
like the Lynx, but is smaller, and has no long hairs
on the tips of its ears. It lives in the woods in
nearly all parts of our country, and it some-
times comes to the farm-yard to get the hens and
chickens.

You, dear Sanny, are so fond of watching a dog,
that I know you will like to look at this picture of a

THE WOLF. at

Wolf,—an animal which looks very much like a
large dog, but which lives in the woods, and in
the wild, unsettled parts of our country. Wolves
are very strong, fierce, greedy animals, and often
hunt in large companies or packs, and thus they

Zz. ; 4g
= INA =

= : a =a —
The Wolf.

ean kill animals which are much larger than them-
selves, and which one Wolf alone would not dare
to attack. They chase and overtake the reindeer,
and kill and eat it. They prowl about the herds
of buffaloes, and snatch up the young which stray
too far from the herd, or any that are left behind
when the herd moves on. In the newly settled
parts of the country they catch sheep, lambs, and
young cattle, and thus do great injury to the far-

38 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

mer. They sometimes catch and eat dogs and

foxes. They can overtake a fox in running, and
a single wolf is so powerful that he can carry off
a fox or a dog in his mouth. I have heard a true
story of a wolf that came prowling around a fort
where there were soldiers; and one day he was
shot at, and hit with a bullet and driven away; at —
night he came back to the fort, and although still
bleeding from his wound, he stole one of the fifty
dogs which were kept there, and carried it off in
his mouth. The wolves in this country do not
often attack men; but in Russia, and in some other
countries of Europe, they are more fierce, and they
often attack travellers who are passing through
forests or lonely places.

The Dog is found in every country. He likes
to be near man, and is his faithful servant and
friend; and he is the only animal that has gone
with man to all parts of the world. There are
many different sorts of dogs. Some are very small,
so small that you could hold one of them in your
hands; and others are so large and strong that
one of them could easily carry you on his back,

or draw you if he were harnessed to a cart. Some

THE DOGS.

EZ ZILA

ZZ

SAY
EDEN

i ip ( \
Cay
i /.

Wf

The Shepherd’s Dog.

The Greyhound.
The Setter.

The Esquimaux Dog.
The Fox. The Foxhound.
The Bloodhound. The Saint Bernard. The Poodle.
The Bull-do The Coach Dog.
The Pointer. The Newfoundland Dog. The Mastiff.
The Terrier.

The King Charles Spaniel.

——

=

40 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

kinds of dogs are pretty for pets; others are pleas-
ant companions; others are good for hunting birds,
squirrels, and other small game; others for hunt-
ing large wild beasts; others for guarding houses
and stores; others for tending sheep, or driving
cattle; others for drawing loads; and one or two
noble kinds of dogs are good for helping those that
are in trouble and danger. You will like to know
the names of some of these different kinds, and
you will like to read some true stories about them.

One very beautiful kind has a long slender body,
covered with smooth, shining hair; a small, pointed
head; a long, curved tail; and long, slender legs.
This is the Greyhound. It is the swiftest of all
the dogs, and it is used in hunting deer, foxes, and
hares, and other swift-running animals, and it fol-
lows them by sight, and not by smelling their
tracks as other hunting dogs do.

The Saint Bernard Dog is very large and strong,

with a large head, long hair, and a bushy tail.
This noble dog is so kind, so intelligent, and so use-
ful, that I must tell you all about him. He is some-
_ times called the Alpine Spaniel, because his home

is among the Alps,—high mountains in Switzer-

1
as ee eee - la a oe es

Sad
THE SAINT BERNARD DOG. 41

land, a country beyond the sea. There are several
roads or passes which lead over these mountains
to Italy, and in some places the roads are very steep
and narrow, and in the winter season they are very
dangerous. There are snow-storms on these moun-
tains, even in the summer months, but in the long
winter season they are very violent. These storms
sometimes come on very suddenly, often when the
morning has been bright and pleasant; and they
rage with so much fury, and the snow falls to such
depths, that, in a few hours, the traveller is buried
beneath the drifts. Many persons have lost their
lives in trying to pass over these mountains dur-
ing the winter season.

One of the most dangerous of the passes over
these mountains is that of the Grand St. Bernard.
In some places, on one side of the pass you can
look down over the rocks several hundred feet,
while on the other side are high cliffs, and the
path itself is often slippery with snow and ice.
Great masses of rock, ice, and snow overhang the
path, and sometimes these are loosened by the
storms and winds that sweep over these regions,

and they fall upon the path, and over the precipice,

a
42 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

and carry away or bury the poor traveller, or
fill the path so that he cannot make his way, and

he sinks down, weary and cold, and soon falls

asleep, while the snows blow and drift over him.

The pass of the Grand Saint Bernard was used
before Christ lived upon the earth ; and, for nearly
a thousand years there has been, near the top of
the mountain, and not far from the pass, a stone
house, in which travellers may find food and shel-
ter. This house was founded by a good monk
named Bernard de Menthon. At first the house
was very small, but now it is a large building,
four stories high, and can contain many people.
It is called the Convent, or Hospice of Saint Ber-
nard. Here good monks live all the year, for
the purpose of aiding travellers. And here are
kept the noble Saint Bernard dogs, and, with the
help of these dogs, the monks are able to save
many lives. From ten to twenty thousand persons
go over this pass every year, and all are made wel-
come to the Hospice. In this cold, dreary region
nothing will grow, and all the food, and the wood
with which it is cooked, must be carried up the
mountain during the short summer of three months.

THE SAINT BERNARD DOG. 43

But I must tell you about the good dogs. They
are trained to look for lost travellers, and every
day in winter they are sent out, almost always in
pairs; one has a basket of food and a, flask of wine
or brandy strapped to his neck, the other has a
cloak strapped upon his back, so that if they find
some poor fainting man, he may be supplied with
- food and clothing. If the man can walk, they
lead him towards the convent, barking loudly for
help, and to let the monks know that they are
coming back. If the man cannot move, they go
back, and guide the monks to the spot where he
is. Sometimes the traveller is covered by ten,
or even twenty feet of snow, and if the monks
were alone they could not find him; but the keen
scent of the dogs discovers him, and they scratch
up the snow with their feet, and they bark until
the monks come to the spot. But the dogs them-
selves sometimes perish in their attempts to save
the lives of others. One cold stormy night,
more than fifty years ago, a man was crossing the
‘mountains, on his way to his home in a little vil-
lage in the valley on the other side. After great
trouble and danger he got to the Hospice, and

44 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

the monks tried to have him stay there all the
night, and finish his journey the next day. But
he was very anxious about his little family, and
would not stay ; so they gave him two guides, and
two dogs to go with him, and they all started down
the mountain together. The same night his wife
and children became so alarmed at his long ab.
sence that they left their home and began to ge
up the mountain, hoping to meet him, or to hear
from him. While they were toiling up, and he
was coming down, great masses of ice and snow
were loosened from the top of the mountain, and
they swept down into the valley below, and all
these good people, and the faithful dogs were
covered up and destroyed. One of these dogs
had saved the lives of twenty-two persons. An-
other dog, named Barry, saved during his life-
time the lives of forty-two persons, all of whom
must have perished if it had not been for him.
When he died, his skin was stuffed, and placed
in the museum at Berne. I will tell you a story
which is told of Barry. A mother, who was going
up the mountain with her little son, was carried
away by asnow-slide. Barry found the little boy

THE NEWFOUNDLAND DOG. 45

unhurt, but cold and stiff; in some way he in-
duced him to get upon his back, and thus carried
him to the door of the Hospice, where he was
taken good care of by the monks.

The Newfoundland Dog is very large, and is
covered with long shaggy hair, which is black or
very dark in color. He is good-natured, obedient,
and faithful. He loves his master and his mas-
ter’s family, and he seems to understand their
wishes, and he carefully guards their home. He
is a pleasant companion at home, and in the
fields, and on the river when you go a-boating.
He is very kind to children, and if he sees a
child fall into the river, this noble dog quickly
plunges in and saves the little one from drowning,
and he has often saved men from being drowned.
A little girl was on board of a ship with her
mamma, and on the same ship was a gentleman
who had with him a fine Newfoundland Dog.
The little girl wished to play with the dog, but
her mamma, fearful that the great dog would
hurt her, would not allow it. By and by the little
girl fell into the sea, and a great cry was raised
for the life-boat. All the time the ship was moy-

46 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

ing on, and the little girl was left behind strug-
gling in the water. But before the boat was
made ready, the noble dog had leaped into the
water; he swam to the drowning girl, seized her
dress, and swam to the boat which had been
launched, and both were soon safe in the ship.
Once, when a dreadful storm was raging, a
vessel was driven upon the coast of England. The
waves were running very high, so that no boat
could be launched, and yet eight poor men on
board the vessel were calling for help. At last
a gentleman came upon the beach, and with him
was a Newfoundland Dog. The man pointed to
the vessel, and put a short stick in the dog’s
mouth. The brave fellow knew his meaning, and
sprang into the water, and swam through the
waves towards the vessel; he could not get near
enough to the vessel to give the stick, but the

men knew what was meant, and they fastened a
rope to another piece of wood, and threw it to-
wards the dog, and the noble creature dropped =
his own piece, seized the one that had been thrown _
to him, and swam towards the shore, and though ,

several times lost under the waves, he reached

THE ESQUIMAUX DOG. AT

the land, and gave the stick with the rope tied to
it to his master, and thus those on shore could
help those on the vessel, and they were saved.
In Newfoundland these dogs are trained to
draw carts and sledges.
_ The Esquimaux Dog lives with the Esquimaux,
half-savage people of Greenland, and other cold
regions of the North. This dog has short, pointed
ears, which stand erect, a bushy tail, which curves
over the back, and stout legs. It has a thick
coat of hair, which in winter is very long. It
also has, in winter, an under coating of close,
soft wool. This dog never barks, but it utters
a long, wild howl, like that of the wolf. It is
almost as savage as a wolf, and it has no love
for its master, and obeys him only through fear.
But the Esquimaux Dogs are very useful ; for their
masters harness them to a sort of sled, called a
sledge, and the dogs thus draw their masters and
heavy loads over the snow with great speed.
From six to twelve dogs are harnessed to each
sled, and they are guided by means of a long
whip; the driver uses no reins.

The Shepherd’s Dog is large, of a black or dark

48 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

color, and it has a slender pointed nose, short ~ :
ears, long shaggy hair, and a bushy tail. A shep-
herd is a man who takes care of sheep, and the
Shepherd’s Dog helps him do this work. He helps
his master guard the flock from the attacks of
wolves and other wild beasts, and he helps him
gather the flock into the fold at night; and when
the day’s work is done, he goes home with his
master, sits by his side while he is eating his
supper, or curls up close to his chair and falls
asleep. When the flocks are very large, and have
to be guarded at night, or when cold storms come
on, and the sheep and lambs must be gathered

into some safe warm place, then the Shepherd’s —

Dog is of great service; for he must run over the
hills, often for miles; he does this quickly and

gets his master’s flock all together, and does not

get them mixed with the sheep of other flocks. —

One dark night in Scotland, many years ago, a
large flock of lambs which a shepherd was guarding
became greatly frightened, and ran away in differ-
ent directions across the hills. The shepherd
told his dog that they were all gone; and the
shepherd spent the whole night in looking for the

THE SHEPHERD’S DOG. 49

lambs, but could not find them. The dog, too,
was missing. The shepherd was feeling very
badly, thinking that he would have to go home
and tell the master that the lambs were lost. But,
_ on his way home, to his great joy he found the
lambs gathered in a deep ravine, and faithfully
guarded by his dog; not a lamb was missing.
The noble fellow had collected the scattered lambs
in the dark, and gathered all together, and was
guarding them till the shepherd should come.

A shepherd once went out upon the hills to
look after his flock, and he took with him his
little child who was about four years old. By
and by the shepherd found that he must go up
a high hill, which was so steep that the little
child could not go with him, so he left him at the
bottom of the hill, and told him not to move from
the place. Soon after the shepherd got to the
top of the hill, a thick mist came on, so that
the day -was almost like night. The shepherd
went back to look for his child, but could not
find him, and after searching a long time, he had
to go back to his cottage without him. His dog,
also, was not to be found. Larly the next morn-

VOL, I. 4

50 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

ing, the shepherd again began to search for his
dear child, but again he had to go back without
him. But when he got home he learned that his
dog had returned, and as soon as he received his
food had gone again. For four days the shepherd
looked for his child, without finding any trace
of him, and every day the dog came for food
and went away again. At last the man thought
he would follow the dog, and the dog led him to
a steep place among the rocks, at some distance
from the spot where the child had been left; the
dog went down the rocks and entered a sort of
cave at the bottom; the shepherd followed, and
there he found his little child eating the bread
which the dog had brought to him. The child
had wandered away from the spot where he was
left, and had fallen or scrambled down the rocks;
the dog had tracked him, and when he found
him, never left him day nor night, except when
he went for food.

The Fox-Hound is a large dog, with wis droop-
ing ears; it is used in hunting foxes. It runs
faster than the fleetest horses, and is very highly
prized by the hunters. In England a gentleman

THE BLOODHOUND AND SPANIELS. 51

sometimes keeps fifty or sixty Fox-Hounds to aid
him and his friends in fox-hunting. These gentle-
men do not shoot the fox, but they chase it with
dogs and horses till the poor animal is overtaken
and killed by the dogs. The kennels which are
built for the hounds are often large and costly.
The dog-kennel of the Duke of Richmond cost
thirty thousand dollars.

The Bloodhound is a very large, stout, and
very fierce dog, which has often been used in
hunting men who had escaped from those who
wished to capture them.

The Spaniels are dogs which came from Spain,
and so they are called Spaniels. There are very
many kinds of them. They have large drooping
ears, and long silky fur. They have a bright,
pleasant look, and they are kind and affectionate.
One is the King Charles Spaniel, a pretty little
pet dog. Another is called the Setter, and this
is a favorite with hunters, for it aids them in hunt-
ing quail, grouse, and woodcock. I will tell you
a true story about a little Spaniel. One morning
as its mistress was lacing her boots, one of the
laces broke, and she turned to the dog and said

52 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

playfully, ““O dear! I wish you would find me
another boot-lace.’’ Then she tied the broken one,
and thought no more about it. On the next morn-
ing, when she was again lacing her boots, her little

Spaniel ran up to her with a new silken boot-lace

in his mouth, but where he got it no one could ~

tell.

The Pointer is a large dog, which looks both
like a hound and a setter, and is also used in
hunting quail, grouse, and woodcock. When he
comes near the game, he stops, lifts one foot, looks
steadily at the game, and points towards it with
his nose, and he does not move till the hunter
tells him to go forward and “ flush,” or start up
the bird. The dog then moves forward, and
when the bird flies, the hunter takes good aim
and shoots it; then the dog, if well trained, will
go and get the bird and bring it to his master.
If the hunter does not bid him go and bring the
bird, the dog stands still until his master tells him
what to do. Some Pointers are so well trained
that they will stand perfectly motionless for an

hour, or even longer. Two dogs of this kind were

made to point while an artist could make a sketch:

rm bb ds Mai em

Ce ape ee ee

THE POODLE AND TERRIERS. ba

of them. This took him an hour and a quarter,
and the dogs stood perfectly still all that time.

The Poodle is small, with broad, hanging ears,

and with long, thick, curly hair, and is a nice dog
fora pet. You have often seen this little dog.
_ The Terriers are also good pet dogs, for they
are good-natured, and fond of play and frolic.
One of these dogs used to play at hide-and-seek
with his master. When his master said, ‘“‘ Come,
let us have a game,” the dog would cover his eyes
with his paws; then his master would hide a cake,
or a piece of money, and the dog would get up
and look till he found it. The Terriers seem to
understand what is told them, and they learn very
easily to perform curious feats. They are full of
courage, and do not hesitate to attack the fox
or the wolf. They get the name of Terrier from
the word terra, which means earth; because,
these dogs, being small, and fierce in hunting, are
sometimes sent into holes in the earth to drive
out the game, as foxes and rabbits. They are
good for catching and killing rats.

The Mastiff is a large, strong, but very good-
natured dog; he is much attached to his master,

54 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

and always ready to defend him, and everything
which belongs to him. He is kept as a watch-
dog, and it is often dangerous for a stranger to
try to enter the house, or stable, against his will.
The Bull-dog is fierce and ugly looking. He
has a thick round head, thick lips, and a turned-
up nose. He has great strength and courage.
Foxes are smaller than wolves and most of the
dogs, and they have a slender nose, and a large
bushy tail. They do not go in droves, but hunt
alone, and they hunt only at‘night, and in the early
morning. They dig holes in the ground, where
they rear their young, and where they often stay
in the daytime. Sometimes they spend the day
in dense thickets, or under a fallen tree-top, or
in holes and caves in the rocks. They catch
mice, birds, hares, and other small animals, and
they come to the farm-yard, and steal geese, ducks,
turkeys, and chickens. The Fox takes the neck
of a goose in his mouth, swings the body over
his back, and runs swiftly to the woods, or to
his hole to share it with his young ones. Foxes
are hunted with dogs called fox-hounds. And
the farmer, who has had his geese and young

!
— ————— a oe rl 4 Se ae Pe

THE FOX. 55

turkeys and chickens stolen, sets traps for the
Foxes; but he does not often catch them, for they
are very cunning as well as sly, and can often
tell where the trap is, even when it is carefully
covered up with straw or leaves. Sometimes the
Fox outwits both the dogs and the hunters that
are pursuing it. A certain Fox was often chased
by dogs and hunters, but it always used to get
away from them at the same place, and the hunt-
ers could not understand it; but at last it was
found out that the Fox, being so far ahead of the
dogs and men that they could not see him, leaped
from a fallen log on to a very sloping tree,
up which he crawled till he was hidden by the
branches; there he would le till the dogs and
hunters passed; then he would jump down and
run back to the thicket or tree-top from which
he first started. Foxes, when caught alive, often
pretend to be dead. A gentleman told me that
he once set a trap for a Fox so carefully that he
caught the sly animal. He set the trap just be-
fore night when it was snowing, and so his tracks
and the trap were covered over with snow. The
Fox came to get the bait, and stepped upon the

56 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

trap; it sprung, and caught the Fox by the leg.
The trap was not fastened, and so the Fox dragged
it some distance through the snow; the gentle-
man followed the track, and at last overtook the
Fox, and struck him with a little stick; at once
the Fox seemed to be dead; the gentleman took
him up and carried him home, his foot still in the
trap. When he got home the Fox was perfectly
well, and if he had been taken from the trap when
first struck, and when he seemed to be dead, he
would have jumped up and run away in a mo-
ment. There is a picture of a Fox, with the dogs,
on the thirty-ninth page.

OV \\
NG WAN

This pretty little Civet lives in Texas and Cali-
fornia, and it is about as large as a cat; its home
is on the trees, and it is very lively and _ play-
ful, and so easily tamed that the miners often

THE WEASEL. 5F

keep it for a pet. Its tail is prettily marked with
black and white rings.
Weasels live in walls, in stone-heaps, under the

roots of old trees, and sometimes in cellars, and

—

The Weasel.

Glan, ——
wiiitZZZ ;

about old mills; they are very small and slen-
der, with soft thick fur, which is brown in sum-
mer and white in winter, and the tail has a black
tip. The fur is called Ermine, and many years
ago was worn only by kings and nobles. The
best Ermine is brought from Siberia, a very cold
country in Asia. Weasels are very bold and blood-
thirsty, and often kill animals much larger than
themselves. They destroy many chickens; one of
them killed fifty in two nights.

The Sable lives in the deep woods of the north-
ern parts of our country; it catches and eats
hares, birds, and squirrels. In winter it makes
its home in a hollow tree, and the hunter often
sees it sitting with its head just out of its hole.
When so seen the hunter does not shoot it, for

58 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

it would fall back into its nest and be lost;
but he walks slowly around the tree, the sable

2 SS S = < =
a . — = —
SS ee SS

The Sable.

comes out to look at him, and is then shot. Its
fur is of a beautiful dark brown color, and is
made into cloaks, collars, and muffs, and is often
called Hudson Bay Sable. The costly Russian
Sable fur comes from Siberia.

Sometimes in the winter you may see on the
ice and snow of ponds and brooks, and about
rivers, a little slender dark brown or black crea-
ture, smaller than a cat. It is the little Mink,
which lives near the water, and has the dark,
glossy, beautiful fur often called American Sable,
which is made into so many warm garments for
the winter. The Mink has its toes partly webbed,
and it can swim and dive with ease; and when
pursued it often takes to the water and swims
away to some hiding-place. Sometimes when

Pa ee ay oe

ee eS. ll 4 7M

THE MINK. 7 59

closely followed by dogs it will climb a tree, but
it does not often do so unless chased. When
running andrambling about, it often stops, raises

The Mink.

itself upon its hind legs and listens, looks around,
and sniffs the air as if it were on the watch for
an enemy. It hunts its food mainly at night,
although it may be often seen running about in
the daytime ; and it is active all the winter. The
Mink digs a burrow in the ground, in which it
lives, and the end of the burrow is enlarged into
a sort of chamber, and in this chamber its little
nest is made. The nest is of a rounded shape,
with an opening on one side, and it is built of
dry soft grasses, and nicely lined with feathers.
In the woods, the burrows are often made un-

der logs, or under the roots of trees near the

60 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

water; sometimes the burrows run along under
rocks, or under stone walls. The Mink often
saves the trouble of digging its burrow, by find-
ing that of a muskrat, and, after driving out the ©
owner, taking possession of the house and _ bur-
row, and keeping it for its own. This suits
the Mink very well, as the muskrats’ burrows
always lead to the water. Sometimes the Mink
lives in the hollow of a fallen tree, and some-
times in the old hollow roots of a tree which
lie near the water. The Mink feeds wholly upon
other animals, following them by scent as the
dogs do, though when near its prey it often steals
forward and springs upon it, like a cat. It eats
small quadrupeds, grouse, quails, and water-birds
and their eggs, and fishes, frogs, and other water
animals. Sometimes the Mink takes up its abode
near the farm-yard, under the barn or under a
haystack, and in the night comes to the coop
and steals the young turkeys and chickens. It
is quite a brave little animal, and when attacked
by dogs or muskrats, it fights with much courage
and is not easily killed. It takes good care of
its young while they are in the nest, but as soon

THE WOLVERINE. 61

as they are able to take care of themselves, they
leave the mother, and before winter each one
makes or finds a home for itself.

Here is a picture of a very powerful, fierce, and
greedy animal, about the size of a large dog. It
is the Wolverine, which lives in the cold regions
of the North. It follows the sable-trappers, and
troubles them by eating the game; and it is so
shrewd and cunning that it will even spring the
trap without getting caught itself, and then de-
vour the bait.

You have often seen the soft, warm fur collars

which gentlemen wear in winter, aud you will like

62 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

to know what animal has such pretty, thick fur.
These collars are made of the skins of the Otter,
a long, slender, beautiful animal which lives in
and about ponds, rivers, and large brooks. Its
food is fishes, and it can swim so fast beneath
the water that it can catch even the swiftest of

The Otter. |

them. Otters are very playful, and they love to
“slide down hill” almost as well as you do.
Their sliding-place is the steep, wet bank of a
river, where, time after time, they slide down head
foremost, going splash into the water at the bot-

THE SKUNK. 63

tom. They make their nest in the river’s bank,
and sometimes in a hollow tree or log; and they
line it with dry grasses and leaves, so that it may
be soft and warm for their little ones.

This pretty little black and white creature, with
its long flowing hair, and its beautiful large bushy
tail, is the Skunk, which is so much disliked fo

The Skunk.

its bad odor. It lives only in America, and for
its home it digs a burrow in the ground, in which
it stays during the daytime. It comes out at
night, and feeds upon beetles and other little
insects, and eggs, often stealing into the hen-coop
to rob the nests, and sometimes to kill and eat
the hens and little chickens. |

The Badger lives in the western part ‘of our

64 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

country. It is about the size of a small dog,
and its body is very stout. Its fur is soft, fine,
and silky, and on the hind part of the body it is
so long as almost to hide its short tail. It feeds

SS = aS

The Badger.

upon mice and prairie squirrels, which it digs
out of their holes, and it also eats young birds,
egos, and insects. It digs a dark and winding bur-
row, in which it stays most of the day, and in
this burrow it makes a warm nest of soft dry
mosses and grass.

When white people first came to this country
to make it their home, great forests covered almost
the whole land, and in these forests lived many

fierce, hungry- animals,—the wolves, panthers

THE BEARS. 65

or pumas, and the bears. Many of the great
forests have been cut down, and the land is made
into beautiful smooth green fields; but the moun-
tains and the wild parts of our country are still
covered with deep woods, in which some of these
animals are still living. You have read about
the puma, and the wolf, and you will like to
know something about the bears. They — are
very large and powerful animals, with very long
sharp claws; they live in caves, and in hollow
trees, and eat other animals, and also berries,
roots, nuts, acorns, and insects, and they are
fond of green corn and honey. The Black Bear
- is common in the forests of our country, and
although so large and strong it does not often
attack man unless angry or in defence of its lit-
tle ones. This Bear is very fond of ripe black-
_ berries, and when it finds a nice cluster, it picks
off each ripe berry, one by one, without touching
the green ones or breaking the bushes.

The Grizzly Bear lives on the Rocky Mountains,
and in California. It is much larger than the
Black Bear, and it is the fiercest animal in our
country, and so strong that it can kill and drag

VOL. I. a

The Grizzly Bear.

EWE

S

PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

66

THE GRIZZLY BEAR. 67

away the great bison or buffalo, an animal as
large as an Ox. |

The Grizzly loves the woods and thickets, and
he prowls about in search. of food in the day-
time as well as at night. His great tracks are
often seen along the banks of the rivers, where
he wanders to see what he can find to eat. Like
the Black Bear, the Grizzly is fond of wild fruits
and berries, and when these are ripe he goes
in search of them, and he stands upright beside
the bushes and small trees, and bends them over,
or pulls them down, and then picks and eats the
wild plums, and the berries which he likes so
well. He sometimes comes out of the woods,
and goes to the gardens near the forts, and there
picks and eats the green peas. The Grizzly some-
times attacks hunters and travellers, especially
if he be hungry, or if the hunters have wounded
him. Sometimes he suddenly springs upon a
group of travellers and bears away one of their
' number, before there is time for any one to resist
him. |

There was once a party of men travelling in
the wild regions where the Grizzly Bears live.

68 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

They had been rowing their canoe during the
day, but when night came on, they landed, drew
their boat out of the water upon the shore, and
tilted it up behind them, and built a fire, and
began to get their supper. While they were all
seated around the fire, and enjoying the pleasant
evening, a big Grizzly Bear leaped over the canoe,
seized one of the men and quickly carried him
off. All the men but one were much frightened.
But one brave man grasped a gun and followed
the bear, and saw him going farther and farther
away with the man held fast in his mouth. He
called out to the poor man who was in the bear’s
~ mouth, and told him that he was afraid to shoot,
fearing that he would hit him instead of the bear;

but the poor man called back to him, and told

him to shoot at once, as the bear was squeezing
him to death. So the brave man took good aim
with his rifle, and sent a ball into the body of
the bear; the bear immediately dropped the man,
and ran after the one who had shot him, but the
bear was wounded so severely that he could not
overtake him, and so he went away into the woods
and was seen no more. The man that was rescued

- er

|

THE RACCOON. 69

from the bear was very badly bitten and hurt,
but he at last got well.

The Polar or Great White Bear lives in the
eold regions of the North. It makes its nest in
the deep snow. You may think it strange that
such a nest can be warm enough for baby bears;
but the mother finds a nice place at the side of
some large rock, and lies down, and the snow
falls upon and covers her; the warmth of her
body keeps the nest warm, and her breath makes
a little hole in the snow above her, which lets in
the pure air, and in this nest the old bear and
the cubs, as the little ones are called, stay all
winter. So you see that no animal need freeze
to death if the snow is only deep enough to cover it.

The Raccoon.

The Raccoon looks very much like a little bear
with a long tail. It lives in woods and near

10 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

streams, for it likes to eat frogs, turtles’ eggs,
and mussels. It climbs trees and robs the nests
of birds, and, when the corn is young and tender,
comes at night into the cornfields to feast upon
it. The nest is often made in a hollow tree. A
young Raccoon is easily tamed, and becomes gen-
tle and playful. Your papa has a friend who once
kept one of these little animals as a pet for several
months, and the little cunning fellow would go
every morning to a basin of water, and wash his
hands and face.

I think, Amy, you have not forgotten the pretty

Seals which we saw in the large tank of sea-water

The Seal.

at the Aquarial Gardens in Boston. They were
so tame that when their keeper called them by
their names, Ned and Fanny, they would come
to him, dnd, at his bidding, would shoulder a lit-
tle musket, turn the crank of a hand-organ, shake

THE SEAL. som

hands with visitors, and Ned would even “ throw
a kiss” to the ladies. Seals live in the sea, and
they have a head which looks like that of a dog;
their eyes are large, dark, and very beautiful.
Seals often crawl out of the water upon the rocks,
and, in cold seas, upon the floating ice, to lie in
the sunshine.

You may sometimes see a seal swimming in the
sea, when you are going to Nahant by steamboat ;
but you will see only its head; it keeps its body
below the surface of the water.

There are many kinds of Seals. Some kinds
have a body no larger than that of a dog; others
are very large; one kind is twenty or thirty feet
in length. The people of Greenland, and of other
cold and icy regions of the North, hunt these
animals every day, and were it not for the Seals,
they would starve and freeze; for the flesh of the
Seal is their principal food: its fat gives them
oil for their lamps, and for their fires, and they
also eat it with their food; its skin is made into
warm and strong garments, and it is also used to
_ cover their boats, their sledges, and their tents,

and it is cut into straps for their harness, and for

72 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

their whips; its stomach is used for an oil flask;
its sinews are used, instead of thread and _ silk,
for sewing; and its bones are made into hooks,
knives, and spear-points. The Greenlander goes
in his seal-skin boat to hunt the Seals, and when
he gets near one he throws his harpoon into it;
the Seal at once dives below the water, and when
it comes up again the man attacks it with his
lance and at last kills it.

a

Tao
n

\

a itt

IW

The Walnis:

The Walrus lives in the sea in the cold regions
of the North, and looks a little like a large seal,
but its “eye-teeth” are very long, forming two
stout tusks, as you see them in the picture. The
Walruses use these tusks in climbing out of the
water on to the shore, or on to the ice-banks;

THE WALRUS. 73

and they also use them in tearing up sea-weeds
and sea-shells, upon which they feed. The Walrus
is as large as the largest ox you ever saw, and
it is covered with short brown hair. Although
it lives in the water, it likes to come upon the
land and sleep in the warm sunshine. Large herds
of these animals are often seen lying upon the
rocks, or on the fields of ice. While the Walruses
are sleeping, one of their number is awake and
on the watch, and if he sees danger near, he
awakes the others by a loud bellowing, and all
plunge into the water as soon as they can. When
upon the shore they are often attacked by the
Polar bear, and they then fight very hard to de-
fend themselves. Walruses are hunted for their
oil, which is used in lamps, and for many other
purposes, and they are also hunted for their tusks,
which are good hard ivory, and are made into
knife-handles and many other useful and beauti-
ful articles. When attacked by the hunters they
fight very fiercely, and they bravely defend their
young ones. They can readily smash a boat in
pieces with their tusks, or they can upset a boat
by hooking their tusks over the sides of it.

T4 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

THE PLANT-EATERS.

HERE is a picture of the Virginia Deer. You
have seen this beautiful and graceful animal in
the lovely gardens at Belmont, and in other places.
Its little ones are called fawns. When wild it is

The Virginia Deer.

very timid, and if startled, it bounds over the
plains and through the forest with great speed.

:

But those that you have seen were very tame,

THE VIRGINIA DEER. 75

and would come and eat the fresh, sweet clover
from your hand.

In winter the Deer eats the buds of many kinds
of shrubs, such as the wild rose, the hawthorn, the
azalea, the winter-green, the partridge-berry, and
many others; in summer it feeds upon the tender
grasses, and it sometimes comes to the planters’
erain-fields, and eats the young wheat, oats, and
corn ; it is also fond of berries; in autumn it eats
the chestnuts and beechnuts, which fall upon the
ground, and it also comes to the oak-trees to feed
upon the acorns. The Deer is said to feed mainly
at night, but in those places where it is not often
disturbed, it may be seen feeding in the morning
and in the afternoon. In the Southern and Middle
States, the Deer sometimes come in the summer
to the plantations and leap over the fences, and
hide during the daytime in a thicket, or among
the vines and briers, and at night feed upon the
leaves and tender fruit of the growing plants; at
other times they go four or five miles away to
spend the day, often swimming rivers in their
journeys to and from the feeding-grounds. In
cold weather the Deer likes to rest during the

76 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

day in some dry place, where it may be sheltered
from the winds, and warmed by the sunshine. In
warm weather it often rests in shady swamps, or
among the bushes which grow near brooks and
streams. During the warm months it is often
much troubled by flies and mosquitoes, and to
avoid them it lies down in the shallow water with
only its antlers and a part of its head exposed.
The Deer are very fond of water, and they go every
night to some pond or stream to drink. They are
also very fond of salt, and often go at the morn-
ing and evening twilight, or by moonlight, to the
salt springs; they do not seem to drink the water,
but they lick the stones and the earth on the
edges of the springs and streams. The Virginia
Deer is hunted for its flesh, which is called
venison, and which is very good for food. |

Here is a picture of the great Moose, which lives
in the cold parts of our country. It is the largest
of all the Deer, being taller than a horse, and with
very large, broad, and flat horns. Its legs are so
long that it does not need to leap over fences
and fallen trees, but steps over them with ease.
In the summer it comes to the lakes and rivers to

THE MOOSE. [7

feed upon the water-plants, and to get away from
the flies which are so troublesome at that time ;

= oT —

The Moose.

in the winter many of them stay in “yards” ;
these are large tracts of ground on which the

78 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

snow has been trodden down hard by the Moose,
the light, untrodden snow around the yard serving
as walls. Here the Moose are quite safe, as wolves
dare not enter.

Far away across the ocean, in the peat-bogs
of Ireland, there have been found the bones of
a deer much larger than the Moose or any other
kind of deer now living on the earth. These
bones belonged to a deer called the Great Irish
Elk, which lived many thousand years ago. It
was ten feet high to the top of its horns, and
the tips of its broad horns were ten feet apart!

The Reindeer is much smaller than the Moose.
It lives in cold regions, and is very hardy; in
summer it eats the buds and twigs of shrubs, and
in winter it scrapes the snow from the ground,
and feeds upon a little plant called the “ reindeer-
moss.”’ |

This animal is very useful to the people that
live in Lapland, who keep large herds of them,
and use them as we use cattle and horses ; their
milk and flesh are good for food, their skins make
warm clothing, their sinews are used for thread,
and their horns are made into knives and other

THE REINDEER. 79

useful articles, and their tongues are luxuries
which are sent to many parts of the world. The
_ speed of the Reindeer is very great. In a palace

The American Reindeer, or Caribou.

in Sweden there is a painting of one which drew
q an officer, with important despatches, the dis-
tance of eight hundred miles in forty-eight hours.
_ The North American Reindeer is called Caribou.

4 It lives in Maine and Canada, and westward to

Greenland.

¥
ae

80 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

Another very large deer is the Elk, or Wapiti,

which lives in Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Min-

The Elk, or Wapiti.

nesota. It is about as large as the moose, and
its horns are very long and very much branched.
The horns of the Wapiti are sometimes so large
that, when resting on their tips, a man can walk

ee OE _—— =

Pere) ee | es

THE MUSK DEER. 81

erect between them. All kinds of deer shed their

horns, which are called antlers, every year, and
they grow again to their full size in the course of
a few months.

SESS SNe ey a -
TTA SER SS

The Musk Deer.

The pretty little Musk Deer lives on the high
mountains of Thibet, in Asia. It is about as large
as a goat, and has no horns. ‘Two of its upper
teeth grow very long and look like tusks. The
perfume called musk is obtained from this deer.

The Giraffe lives in Africa, and feeds upon the
leaves and tender twigs of trees; and its neck
is so long that it can easily reach those that grow
twenty feet from the ground! Its color is yellow,
spotted with light and dark brown, and its eyes

are large, full, and lustrous. It does not shed

VOR. I: 6

PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

82

its horns, which are small and covered with a

When attacked by an animal from

hairy skin.

(3 =), y is
== A nes . u( ),
ee SS Aa

,
2S
eS Bae

~——.

i
eae

}
i. ——-—
Cl
‘ EN
ree

ey yy

4

" ey “ak v , COE AV AWAY

The Giraffe.

, the Giraffe defends itself

by kicking, and in this way it can sometimes

which it cannot escape

tire out and beat off even the fierce lion.

THE PRONG-HORN ANTELOPE. 83

In the Western part of our country, on the
mountains and on the plains, lives the beautiful
-Prong-horn Antelope. It is as large as a sheep,
and has a long neck, and very long legs. Hun-
dreds are sometimes seen together, and when

The Prong-horn Antelope.

alarmed they bound across the plains and along
the slopes of the mountains with great swiftness.
It is called Prong-horn because of the branch or
prong which it has on each horn, and which you
can see in the picture.

The Rocky Mountain Goat lives on the steep
sides of the Rocky Mountains. It is as large as

84 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

a sheep, and looks very much like the common

goat. It has a coat of long white hair and thick

; ILS ae en eS
vu, ‘ * ee \\ \+ AS
\ A HVA RS
AWW \\" ASS
ian \\ i WAV SSS

The Rocky Mountain Goat.

white wool, and its horns and feet are of a shining
black color. Although this animal looks like a
goat, and is called a goat, it is truly an Antelope.
But you will want to know the difference between
a Goat and an Antelope, and I will tell you, —
Goats, and Sheep too, have dull brown and angular
horns, while Antelopes have black and round or
rounded horns. You see now why we call the
animal whose picture I here show you an Ante-
lope.

THE GAZELLE. 85

Far away in Africa and in Arabia lives the
small, graceful Gazelle, famous for its large, dark,
and beautiful eyes. It is a very wild and timid
little creature, but if caught when young, it can

ee a ene a

The Gazelle.

be tamed, and then its beauty and its playfulness

oe eae ee ee ee)

make it a charming pet. It runs faster than the

ee fi"

swiftest greyhound, and sometimes large herds
of a thousand or more are seen bounding over
the plains together.

The little Chamois lives on the Alps, high
mountains in Europe. It cannot endure heat,

and in summer is found only on the snowy sides

Pct ee ee eee Se es ee
\

of the mountains, or in deep cold glens, where the
snow, upon which it loves to lie, does not melt.

86 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

It is very shy, and at the least alarm bounds
swiftly away over rocks, and up and down the
steepest places, often springing upon a rock just

BENS FT
The Chamois.

large enough to hold its four feet placed close
together. |

To shoot the Chamois the hunters toil very hard,
and go into very dangerous places. The chamois-
hunter starts from home in the night, so that
he can get to the places where the Chamois are
to be found very early in the morning, even be-
fore these animals come forth to feed. When
he gets near the place where he thinks he shall
find his game, he looks all about with a telescope.
If he does not see any of the Chamois, he goes

THE CHAMOIS. 87

farther up the mountain, until he sees one of these
beautiful animals, and then he goes far around,
keeping behind the rocks, so as to get above the
Chamois before it sees him; and at last he gets
near enough to shoot it. When he has shot the
Chamois he quickly goes to it, and lifts it upon
his shoulder, and carries it down the rugged moun-
tain and home to his family.

It is very difficult to get near the Chamois when
there are many together, for while they are feed-
ing one of their number is always on the look-
out, and when it sees any danger it warns them,
and they all bound away together, over rocks,
snows, and glaciers; and the hunter, if he would
get one of them, must toil on for hours and hours,
and travel miles and miles in the most difficult
and dangerous places. Sometimes night comes
on while he is following the Chamois, but the
hunter is not discouraged ; he travels on as long
as he can see, and then he finds some place where
he may lie down beside a rock and spend the
night. He eats his supper of bread and cheese,
which he has brought with him in his bag, and
then goes to sleep, with only a stone for his pil-

88 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

low. In the morning he is up very early, and
after eating a scanty breakfast he starts off again
to try and find his game; and thus he some-
times spends two or three days alone on the moun-

tains.

Te 4: i: Lis
Soyer Sas A OSS
yee SS ae= JSEIES ify SAF

The Mountain Sheep.

The Mountain Sheep, or Big-horn, lives on the
slopes of the Rocky Mountains. It is very much

larger than the common sheep, and its horns are

THE MUSK OX. : 89

very large and strong. The hunters say that
this sheep sometimes leaps from very high places,
and, falling head-foremost, strikes upon the tips
of its great strong horns, receiving no injury.
Here is a picture of the Musk Ox, that lives
far away in the cold regions of the North; its
dark brown silky hair is very thick and long,

for in those icy places the animals need warm
coats of hair, fur, or feathers, and God in his
love and goodness has thus clothed them. The
Musk Ox is very agile, and climbs up the steep
sides of hills where the snow has been blown away
by the winds, and feeds upon the grasses, mosses,

-and lichens which grow there.

96 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

The Bison, or Buffalo, is the largest animal in
America, being as large as an ox. It lives in large
herds on the plains far beyond the Mississippi

4 (NSS es

>

LS) S
.
LAY NN yy
A NY \
ASA \\
*Y,

——S==——

The Bison or Buffalo,
River. Buffaloes are hunted for their skins, which
are made into the buffalo-robes that keep us warm
when we ride in the cold winter. Sometimes
the plains are covered with these animals as far
as the eye can reach, and travellers have passed
through great herds of them for days and days,
without their numbers seeming to grow less; and
their paths look more like great travelled roads,
than like the marks of hoofs. Buffaloes were

THE LLAMA. 91

once common in the Eastern part of the United
States, even to the shores of the Atlantic ocean ;
but they have been hunted and killed till now
none are found except far away in the West;
and I fear that by and by they and the Moose
and the Wapiti, and some others of the large an-
imals of our country, will all be gone.

The Llama lives on the Andes,—high, cold

mountains in South America. It is much larger

The Llama.

than a sheep, and is covered with long, soft hair
of a brown or gray color. It is tamed by the
people of the regions in and near which it lives,
and it is used to carry burdens from place to

92 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

place. The wild Llamas are hunted for their fiesh,
and also for their skins. The people of Peru use
the dried flesh of the Llama for food, and the
skins of one kind, called the Alpaca, are very
highly prized, for the hair is very fine, long, and
silky, and it is made into beautiful and costly
cloths. The Llamas drink very little water, but
they like to feed upon juicy plants. They eat a
sort of rush-like grass which grows upon the moun-
tains, and they also eat the mosses and lichens
which grow upon the rocks. Their native haunts
are in and near the regions where snow and hail
often fall, and they cannot well bear the heat for
a long time. They carry easily about one hun-
dred pounds in weight, and if treated kindly
they are very good-natured; but if they get pro-
voked, they turn and spit at the person who offends
them. When not using them, their masters allow
them to graze upon the mountains, and the tame
Llamas are often seen grazing in the same pas-
tures with the wild ones. And if the wild
Llamas get frightened and run, the tame Llamas
- do not run too, as you might suppose they would,
but they seem to like to be near man, and never

run away to get their freedom again.

THE CAMEL. 93

The Camel looks a little like the Llama, but
it is very much larger, being larger than a horse,
and it stands very high. There are two kinds
of Camel; one kind has two humps upon its back ;
the other has only one hump. The home of the
Camel is in Africa and Asia, and it is formed

The Camel.

q

_

for living on, and travelling over, the rocky and
sandy deserts of those countries. It has always

_ been so useful to the people in carrying burdens
across the wide sandy plains, that it has often

94 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

been called the “ship of the desert.” The feet
of the Camel are large and wide, and on the bot-
tom of them are pads or cushions, which help
the Camel to tread firmly upon the soft, yielding
sands; and these cushions render the Camel’s
tread so noiseless, that if one of these large an-
imals were walking close beside you, even upon
rough and rocky ground, you could not hear its
footsteps. The cushions are covered with a hard
skin, which is not injured by the heated and almost
burning sands of the desert. The eyes of the Camel
are shielded from the light and the glare of the
sun by a large overhanging brow, and by very
long lashes to the eyelids; and the Camel, when
it wishes, can close its nostrils so as to keep out
the fine, driving sand which is raised by even the
slightest wind. Its stomach is formed to retain
a portion of the water which the animal drinks,
so that the Camel can easily go four or five days —
and sometimes it goes nine or ten days — without
drinking; and thus it can travel from well to
well, even though the wells, or drinking-places,
may be several hundred miles apart. It eats the
coarsest herbs, and thorny shrubs, such as scarcely

THE CAMEL. 95

any other animal will touch, and the leaves and
branches of trees; and it also eats beans, dates,
and cakes of barley. It can live for many days
‘upon very little food, but when obliged to do this,
its hump becomes smaller, for the fat of which
it is composed is, at such times, taken back into
the system to nourish the Camel and keep it alive.
After a long and painful journey, when the supply
of food has been scanty, the Camels arrive with
backs almost straight, instead of the great hump,
or humps, which are natural to them; and it often
takes months of rest, and much good food, to put
the Camels in good condition to travel again. The
Camel is good-natured, and willing to share its food
with other animals; and it is very gentle and pa-
tient, and even when overloaded it will not refuse to
rise, and when weary it will not refuse to move on.
The Camel is so tall that it is taught to kneel
to receive its load, and to have its load taken off.
When the Camel rests, and sleeps, it kneels and
rests upon its breast. On its breast and on its
legs are hard callous spots; and upon these the
weight of the body comes when the Camel kneels
and rises. When it rises it lifts its hind feet

96 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

first, and a person who is then upon its back, —

and who is not used to sitting and riding upon ~
the Camel, is in danger of being thrown forward
over the animal’s head. | |

For thousands of years these animals have been
used by the people of Egypt, Arabia, Persia, and
other Eastern countries, for carrying travellers
and goods from one region or place to another ;
they have also been used in war, and it was the
custom of some nations, when they went to battle,
to adorn their Camels with collars and chains of
gold.

The merchants of the East often travel in large
conpanies, loading many Camels with goods, and
others with the food which will be needed on
the long journey. These large companies of men —
and Camels are called caravans; and the number
of Camels in a caravan is often many hundreds,
and sometimes even several thousand. It was to
the men of a caravan that Joseph was sold by his
brothers ; this caravan was made up of Ishmaelites,
Midianites, and Medanites, with their Camels, on
their way to the markets of Egypt.

The Camels of a caravan are sometimes placed

THE CAMEL. OT

in a single file, and they travel one after another ;
at other times they travel side by side, presenting
a broad front, a mile or more in extent. The
caravans are often led by the sound of a bell,
and when the music of the bell stops, all the
Camels stop. Like many other animals, the Camels

are fond of musical sounds, and when they are

very tired, and almost ready to sink under their
burdens, the drivers sing some cheering, lively
melody, and the poor weary creatures brighten
up, and move on more briskly towards the halt-
ing-place. They stop and rest at noon; and at
night the Caravan halts, and the Camels are un-
loaded. If the weather is very hot the caravan
moves only at night, starting at eight o’clock in
the evening, and going on till after midnight.
The camel-drivers always stop near shrubs and
bushes, if they can, so that the Camels may feed
upon them. As there is no danger that the Camels

will wander away to any great distance, and as they
usually keep close to the spot where they are set

at liberty, they are not often tied in any way.
When they rest for the night, they almost always
kneel in the form of a circle, and the men sleep

Pe F: 7

98 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

in the centre of the circle. Unless the night is —

rainy, the men do not use a tent, but sleep upon —

the ground, the stars shining down upon them.
A gentleman was walking, one dark night, near
a little village a few miles from Smyrna, when
he stumbled and fell over something which proved
to be a young Camel, and getting up and going
on he stumbled again, and this time he fell over
among a company of camel-drivers, for he had
come upon the resting-place of a small caravan.

When the number of travellers is large, a great
deal of water is needed for drinking, cooking,
washing, and bathing, and the Camels carry a
supply to be used for these purposes. The water
is carried in leather bags or bottles, called water-
skins. Sometimes many Camels are loaded only
with water, but usually each Camel carries one
water-skin in addition to its other load. The air
in the desert regions is so dry and hot that
the men are often very thirsty, but the custom is
to drink only at stated and regular times, and the
caravan halts for that purpose. The men and
Camels often suffer greatly on these long marches.
Sometimes the winds that blow are so hot that

“THE CAMEL. 99

the water in the water-skins is partly or wholly
dried up. Sometimes clouds of fine sand fill the
air; then the traveller gets down beside his Camel,
closes his eyes, and wraps his cloak about his
head, and waits till the sand-cloud passes. The
Camels scent water at a great distance ; and when
all are suffering from the want of water, and_the
drivers do not know where to turn to find it, they
let their Camels take their own course, knowing
that if there is water in that region they will
find it.

Besides the merchant caravans, there are the
pilgrim caravans, which are much larger, and
contain thousands and thousands of people, and
many thousand Camels. These caravans go from
different parts of Asia and Africa to Mecca.
Mecca is am old city in Arabia, where a man
named Mohammed was born, and where he wrote
a book called the Koran, which the Mohammedans,
or followers of Mohammed, read and believe, as
we read and believe our blessed Bible. The Mo-
hammedans go to Mecca to worship. Four of
these great caravans go to Mecca every year;

one of them starts from Cairo, one from Damascus,

100 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

one from Babylon, and one from Zibith, a town ©
near the Red Sea. You can look upon the maps
of Africa and Asia, and see where these places
are marked, and when you are older you will
learn about them.
Here is a picture of the Elephant, the largest
animal that lives upon the land. Its home is in
Asia and Africa, where it is often seen in large
herds. It is covered with a tough, hard skin,
which is almost always of a dark gray color, but
sometimes the skin is white. The nose of the
Elephant is very long, and is called a trunk, and
is used to carry. food and water to the mouth.
At the end of the trunk there is a sort of finger,
with which the Elephant can easily pick up very
small articles, and the keepers of tame ones train
them to pick up pennies, and even needles, to
amuse those who come to see them. Its food is
the leaves and branches of trees, and large juicy
plants. Two of its teeth grow into enormous
tusks ; and from these tusks comes the ivory that
is used for combs, knife-handles, chessmen, and
many other useful and beautiful articles. Many
thousands of these tusks are brought to England

£

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THE ELEPHANT. 101

every year. The Elephant uses these large tusks
to drive off his enemies, and to root up small

=e ae Siem

_ROLLEIP TS. SO:

: The Elephant.

trees, and to break down the branches of large
ones, either to feed upon the leaves, or to make

a passage for his huge body through the thick

102 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

forests. When not teased, the tame Elephant is
mild and gentle, but if provoked he does not fail
to revenge himself.

A man once went to see a tame Elephant,
taking with him a package of nice ginger-cakes,
and also ‘a package of cakes hot with ginger and
pepper, and while looking at the animal he gave
him some of the nice cakes to eat, for which the
Elephant seemed to be very grateful. By and by
the man took from his pocket the package of cakes
hot with ginger and pepper, and gave the whole
package to the Elephant, and the Elephant took
the package in his trunk, carried it to his mouth,
and, after chewing it, swallowed the whole. As
soon as he had swallowed the peppery cakes, he
gave a loud roar, and appeared to suffer greatly,
and, with his trunk, gave the water-bucket to his
keeper, in that way showing that he wanted water
to drink; the water being brought he drank six
pailfuls, carrying the water to his mouth in his
trunk ; and he was so angry with the man who
gave him the peppery cakes, that as soon as he
had finished drinking, he hurled the bucket at
the man with such force, that, if it had hit him,

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THE ELEPHANT. 103

it would have killed him. <A year afterward the
same man went again to see the same Elephant,
and carried good and bad cakes as before. He
first gave the Elephant some good cakes; then
he offered him a bad one, and as soon as the
Elephant tasted it, he caught the man with his
trunk, lifted him from the ground, swung him
around, tore off part of his coat, seized the pockets
and eat all the good cakes, trampling the bad
ones under his feet; then he tore the coat in
pieces, and threw the pieces, and the fragments of
the bad cakes at the man who had offended him.
Elephants are trained to do many kinds of useful

work in the countries where they live; they draw

heavy loads, carry heavy baggage on their backs,
carry timber on their tusks, and with their trunks
and tusks pile up logs and wood for their masters.
In India, the Elephant is used in hunting wild
animals, the hunters riding to the chase upon
the Elephants’ backs; and many years ago it
was much more used than now. The princes
and rich men of India once kept very large herds
of Elephants for the use of themselves and their
friends; and when one of these princes or rich

104 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

men went upon a hunting excursion, he made ~
it as grand an affair as he could. I will tell
you about one of these rich princes, and the way
he went a hunting. His name was Asoph-ul-
doulah, and he lived in a palace at the city of
Lucknow. He used to go to the hunt early in
the spring of the year, in March; and he some-
times took with him ten thousand armed men
on horses, ten thousand armed men on foot, eight
hundred elephants, and from forty to sixty thou-
sand persons, called camp-followers, and who car-
ried along food, and goods, or merchandise. This
large army used to start from Lucknow, and the
prince himself, mounted on an Elephant, rode in
the centre of the line; and on each side of him
was another Elephant for his own use; one of
these was intended specially for the chase when
he should get to the hunting-grounds. On his
right, and on his left, was a long rank of Ele-
phants. On and on they moved; the Klephants
and their riders, the horsemen, the footmen, and
the camp-followers, trampling down the grass,
flowers, bushes, and the fields of grain that were
in their path. At last they reached the hunt-

THE ELEPHANT. 105

_ing- grounds; a camp was formed, tents were
pitched; and for weeks and weeks all kinds of
_ wild animals were hunted and killed.

d The Elephant is the only animal that can be
_ ridden in the tiger-hunt; horses and camels are
80 afraid of tigers, they cannot be used at all for
4 this purpose. The scent of the Elephant is so
_ keen that he knows when he is near a tiger, even
when the beast is hidden in the thick jungle; and
_ when he finds himself near one of these powerful
and ferocious wild beasts, he is very uneasy, and
holds his trunk very high up, so that the tiger
cannot spring upon it, and tear and wound it.
If the tiger attack him, he tries to get the tiger
under his feet so as to crush him. Sometimes
the Elephant catches him upon his tusks and
tosses him high in the air, or throws him violently
P to 2 great distance. Sometimes the LEHlephant |
plunges forward, and with his tusks pierces through
the tiger, and pins him to the ground, killing
him upon the spot.

3 You will like to know how wild Elephants are
4 ; caught, and I will tell you. In the regions where
_ the Elephants live, the Elephant-catchers make

106 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

a large, strong pen of beams and logs of wood, the ~
upright parts being set very deep in the ground,
so as to stand firmly. From the large pen there
is an opening into a smaller one, and from this
into another still smaller. After the pens are all
ready, many hundred men surround a large herd
of Elephants, and begin to drive them toward
the pens. As Elephants are very much afraid
of fire, the men build fires at night, and these
keep the Elephants from trying to get out of the
ring which the men have formed around them.
In the daytime the men make a great noise with
guns and drums, and so the Elephants are driven
nearer and nearer the pens, and at last they are
driven into the large pen, and then the entrance
to it is at once tightly closed ; then they are driven
forward into the next pen, and then into the
smallest one of all. From the smallest pen there
is a long narrow passage, just large enough for
one Elephant at a time to pass along. Into this
passage the Elephants, one by one, are driven, or
coaxed by food, and are then bound with strong
ropes; a strong rope is also put around the. neck
of each Elephant, and each end of the rope is

THE ELEPHANT. 107

fastened to a well-trained tame Elephant, and
¥ thus the tame Elephant helps his master to
take the captured one to two large trees, to both
of which he is securely fastened,—the Elephant
: standing between the two. The Elephant at first
roars and struggles, and tries hard to get away;
but soon he becomes tired out, and weak, and
E. hungry, and he is willing to eat the food which
: is brought to him; and so he grows tamer and
~ tamer every day, and by and by he comes to like
- the man who brings him food, and obeys him as
his master.

_ A great many years ago Elephants were used
_ in war, the soldiers fighting from towers which
these animals carried upon their backs.

In the bottom of the peat-bogs, and in some
j other places, in our country, there are found the
bones of an animal which lived many thousand
years ago, and which was much like the Elephant,
but very much larger, and its teeth were not flat
on the crown like those of the Elephant. It is
q called the Mastodon, and was once as common
r perhaps in the United States as Elephants are
now in Africa and Asia.

108 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

THE WHALES.

You remember, Amy, the White Whale which
we saw in a tank of sea-water at the Aquarial

The White Whale.

Gardens in Boston; and how he would swim
around and around his tank, and every few min-
utes come to the top of the water to breathe. He
was so tame that he would come and take food
from his keeper’s hand; and he was trained to a
sort of harness, and drew a young lady in a shell-
shaped boat placed in the tank. This Whale
was caught in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and
packed in wet sea-weeds, and brought to Boston,
then lifted into the great tank where we saw him,
and where he seemed to feel as much at home as
if he were in the ocean, where he was born.

110 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

~

Some kinds of Whales are very large, —the
largest animals in the world. On the previous’
page there is a picture of one of the large ones.
It is called the Right Whale. It lives in the cold
parts of the ocean, and its food is very small sea-
animals, for it has no teeth, and so cannot crush
the bones of large fishes; but hanging down from
the upper jaw are rows, or slabs, of whalebone,
which are very much split and fringed on the
inside. When the Whale is hungry, he opens
his enormous mouth and takes in thousands and
thousands of the little sea-animals at once, and
all the water that he takes in with them is strained
off through this fringed whalebone, and every lit-
tle animal remains in his mouth and is swallowed.

The Whalebone.

Here is a picture of the head of this Whale, with

THE SPERM WHALE. bea!

the skin and flesh taken off, so as to show the
whalebone in the position in which it grows.
You have often seen pieces of it; for it is this
whalebone which is used in dresses, umbrellas, &c.
It is often called baleen. .The slabs are eight or
_ ten feet long in a large Whale.
- Another large kind is called the Sperm Whale.
lt has no whalebone, but has teeth in its lower

The Head of the Sperm Whale.

jaw. A few years ago, before the oil-wells in Penn-
sylvania and other parts of our land were known,
many ships were employed, and many men were
busy in pursuing and killing these large Whales;
for at that time the oil in our lamps came from
these animals. From the head of the Sperm Whale
comes the spermaceti, which is used in making
a : nice white candles. The sailors dip the oil with

112 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

large buckets, and fill many barrels from the head
of one Whale. The very costly substance called
ambergris is found in the Sperm Whale. It is
used in making perfumery, and it has the power,
when mixed with other perfumes, of making them
more intense. It is very light, and is often found
floating on the water where one of these animals
has died.

From our country alone, about seven hundred
vessels and nearly twenty thousand men have been
sent out, in a single year, to pursue and capture
Whales. As soon as the vessels reach the ‘ whal-
ing-grounds,”’ or those parts of the ocean where
these animals are found, a constant watch for the
Whales is kept from the mast-head of each vessel,
and when one of these great creatures is seen, the
‘lookout ’’— as the man who is watching is
called — cries, “‘There she blows! There she ~
blows!” Then the captain orders the boats low- —
ered and manned, and everything is soon made
ready for the pursuit. The Whale when first seen
is sometimes miles away from the ship, and often
the man on the watch sees only the blowing, or
spouting of the Whale. I must tell you about

;

THE WHALE. a.

4 this, and also how the sailors can tell a Right
q Whale from a Sperm Whale, when it is many
miles away. Although the Whales live in the
_ water, they breathe air, and must often come to
4 the surface to get a supply of it. The Right
_ Whale has, on the top of the hind part of his
q head, two openings, called “ blow-holes ”’; through
_ these he breathes, and also from these he spouts
q out water which has been taken into his great
mouth ; and this stream of water, mingled with
the warm, moist breath of his lungs, comes out
of these openings with such force that it often
rises to the height of thirty, forty, or even fifty
‘ feet, and can be seen at a great distance. When
_ its power is spent, and it begins to fall, part of
the water falls upon one side, and part on the
_ other; and so when the sailors see a whale spout-
q ing in this way they know that it is a Right Whale.
q The Sperm Whale has only one opening, or blow-
; hole, and it does not spout water, but only the
7 warm moist breath from the lungs; and this looks
like a white mist, and soon fades away.

Every whaling vessel carries from four to eight

boats; for, in order to capture the Whales, they

p ‘ : a VOL. BIE ~ 8

114 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

must be chased until the men get near enough to > .

them to throw harpoons into them, and to strike
and wound them with their lances; the Whale
is attacked with both these weapons. The _har-
poon is a long shaft of iron, with a flat, broad
head which tapers to a point, and which is sharp-
ened on both edges. The harpoon is attached to
a long, stout line, and so when the Whale is
struck by a harpoon, he is “ fast,’ as the sailors
say. The rope to which the harpoons are fastened
is very long, and to keep it from getting tangled
it is kept nicely coiled in tubs. The tubs of rope
are placed near the middle of the boat, and the
rope passes from the tub to the stern of the boat,
and around a post, which is firmly fixed to the
framework of the boat; from this post the rope
leads along the whole length of the boat, to the
bow where it passes out through a notch. When
the boat is near enough to the Whale, the har-
pooner throws the harpoon with such force that
it often sinks deep into the body of the Whale.
The Whale feels the cold sharp iron, and in its

fright and pain begins to “run,” and moves’ —

swiftly through the water, pulling out the line

THE WHALE. 115

so fast, that if it were not kept wet where it passes
around the post, it would soon get on fire. Some-
times the rope gets tangled, and then there is
ereat danger to the one who tries to untangle
it; for if the rope gets a turn around the arm,
or leg, the limb is torn off, or the poor man is
pulled out of the boat and carried far down into
the sea. I will tell you a story of a man who
was drawn out of a boat in this way. The rope,
which a Whale was taking out very swiftly, got
tangled, and the man who sat near the post saw
it, but had only time enough to slip the rope
off the post and the tangled part was in a moment
at the bow, where the captain was sitting; .the
captain was seen to stoop to clear it, and then
he was gone; the boat-steerer seized a hatchet

and chopped off the line, hoping, that when the

captain felt the rope slacken, he would be able,
though far below the surface of the water, to get
himself away from it. The crew were so fright-
ened that they could not speak a word. Several
minutes passed, and then, when they were just
beginning to give up all hope, the body of the
captain rose to the top of the water, a little way

116 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

from the boat, and the men, rowing forward,
soon reached him and lifted him into the boat. —
At first he showed no sign of life, but shortly
they saw that he breathed, and they quickly pulled
for their ship, and put him on board, and tenderly
cared for him, and in a few days he was well
again. The captain, in telling the story, says
that he was caught by the rope around his left
wrist, and thus dragged swiftly through the water ;
with his right hand he tried to reach the knife
in his belt, so as to cut the rope, but the force and
pressure of the water kept his right arm pressed
against his side. But at last he felt the rope
slacken, and he seized his knife, and when the
rope tightened again he pressed it with the edge
of the knife, and cut it, and he knew nothing
more till he found himself in the boat, in the
care of his men.

The Whale often takes out several thousand
feet of line, sometimes all that there is in the
boat; and a man stands ready with a hatchet to
cut the rope when there is danger that the boat
will be pulled under the water by the Whale.
When the Whale is running, the oarsmen row,

THE WHALE. 117

so as to keep up with him, and to be near enough
when he stops, to throw more harpoons, or to
attack him with the lances. These are sharp spears
of iron, which are plunged into the Whale when
the boat can get near enough for the men to use
them. But the boat must be kept out of reach

| of the tail and fins of the Whale, for with one

stroke it can smash a boat in pieces, and sad acci-
dents have often happened in this way. But
usually several boats are lowered from the vessel
at the same time, to go in pursuit of a Whale,
and they keep near together, and if one is smashed,
or upset, the crew can be picked up by the other
boats, and thus saved from drowning. I have -
read a story of some whalers who were cruising
for Whales in the Pacific Ocean. There were only
three boats attached to their ship. One day,
early in the morning, a Whale was seen, and
two of the boats were sent to capture it; they
were soon fast to the Whale, which darted off
and drew the boats far away over the waters,
out of sight of the ship. Not long after, another
Whale rose in the water, very near the ship, and
the captain ordered the one boat that was

118 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

left to be lowered, and leaving only one man and ~
two boys in the ship, he sprang into the boat
and with his crew started for the Whale. In a
short time they had struck the Whale with their
harpoons, and were swiftly carried about fifteen
miles from the ship. The Whale then plunged
down into the ocean, and they soon saw him far
down in the clear water, rushing up, his great
jaws open, to destroy the boat. By quickly sheer-
ing the boat to one side, the Whale missed his
aim, and thrusting his huge head into the air,
fell over on his side, and plunged into the water,
and again rushed up to attack the boat, and this
time also the crew managed to avoid the blow.
The Whale went down the third time, and rose
just under the boat, threw it high in the air, and
the men and the broken boat were floating on
the waves, so far from the ship that they could
not be seen from its deck. They knew not where
the other boats were, and it seemed to them that
they could only cling to the pieces of the boat
for a little while, and then be lost in the sea. —
It was just noon; and all the long afternoon they
floated on the waves. When the ship rose on the

THE WHALE. 119

billows they could just get a glimpse of her spars.
_ The sun set and night began to close in, and just
then they saw, far away, one of the boats going
back to the ship. They shouted, but the boat
_ kept on; again they raised a shout, but the boat
: still kept on; almost frantic with despair, they
shouted once more, and this time the boatmen

rested on their oars; once more they shouted,

and the boat was seen to turn in pursuit, and
these poor men who had been struggling in the
water so many hours were soon lifted into the
boat, and carried almost lifeless to the ship. Once
when a Whale was chased by a boat, he suddenly
turned and made directly for his pursuers, and
they were so anxious to strike him that they
rushed on, and the boat soon struck the Whale’s
head; the oarsmen were knocked from their seats,
but the harpooner had time to throw his two
irons, and the Whale rolled over on his back with
his mouth open. Just then a wave struck the
boat and threw it into the Whale’s mouth; all
the men sprang out, and had just time to get
clear of the boat before it was crushed by the
- Whale’s great jaws. The crew were all picked

120 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

up by another boat which was near, and were ©

thus saved from drowning.

Sometimes a Whale is killed by the harpoons
in a few hours, at other times it is many hours
before the Whale can be killed and towed to the
ship. Several boats were once sent from a ship
to capture a Whale which was seen far away in
the water. After rowing four or five hours, the
Whale was struck by the harpoons from one of
the boats, and soon several more harpoons from
the other boats were thrown into the Whale;
the great animal rushed on, dragging the boats,
and the men could not get near enough to strike
with the lance; for as soon as they came near
in order to strike, it would dive down into the
water. The captain steered his ship in the
direction the Whale and boats had gone, but it
was all day and all night, and till the afternoon

of the next day, before a line attached to the

Whale could be secured on board the ship, and
then the Whale dragged the ship for nearly two
hours; and it was not till forty hours after the

Whale was struck that it was killed. Sometimes

when the Whale is struck it at once dives far

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THE WHALE. Tht

down into the water, and with such force and
fury that it has been known to break the bones
of its head by striking many hundred feet below
on the bottom of the sea.

When the Whale is dead it is towed to the
ship, and fastened alongside by means of ropes
and chains, and then begins the work of cutting
it up, and trying out the oil, and stowing it
away. Large pieces are cut from the Whale,
and by means of great iron hooks and ropes are
lifted on board the vessel, and lowered into a room,
where they are cut into smaller pieces; these
small pieces are then pitched upon deck, and
are there cut and chopped so as to render them
easy to be tried. On the deck of the vessel,
firmly set in brick-work, are two or three great
pots for trying out the oil. Each of these pots
is large enough to hold several barrels. When
ready to begin this work, the fires are lighted, a
little oil is put in each pot, and then they are
filled with the pieces of “blubber,” as the fatty
portions of the Whale are called. The men are

d now all busy; some are cutting the pieces for the

kettles ; others are putting pieces into the kettles ;

122 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

some are feeding the fires with the scraps which -
are skimmed out, — for after the fire is kindled, no
fuel is needed except the scraps from the kettles;
some are dipping the hot oil into a copper tank,
where it cools, and others are filling casks from ©
the tank and stowing them away in the ship.
The fires are kept up, and the work goes on, day
and night, until the Whale has been all cut in
pieces and the oil all tried out. Each Whale
yields from seventy to three hundred barrels of
oil, according to its size and fatness.

Sharks and other ffShes are often seen near the
ship, and about the body of the Whale, while it
is being cut up, and many hundred sea-birds also
come to feed upon the fragments.

Whales sometimes sink as soon as they are
killed, and this is very discouraging to the men
who have been chasing them, and trying so hard
to capture them; but when the men see that
the dead Whale is going down, they must quickly
cut all the ropes which hold it to the boat, or —
the boat would be drawn under the water, and
all the men would be drowned.

Whales have been known, in their rage and

THE WHALE. i i aa

fury, to attack the ship itself, and, by knocking
a hole in its bottom, cause it to sink. A ship
named Hssex, which sailed from Nantucket nearly
fifty years ago, was destroyed in this way. A
huge Sperm Whale rose in the water only a little
| way from the ship, and, swimming towards it,
struck the bows such a blow that the vessel shook
like a leaf; the Whale went down, passed under
the ship, and soon appeared, lashing the sea with his
tail and fins; he seemed to be hurt, and frantic
with rage; he swam away from the ship, then
turned and made directly for it, striking it again
in the - bows, this time making a large hole; the
vessel began to sink, and the crew took to their
boats, and for many days were exposed upon
the sea in their open boats. At last they reached
a low island, and there they landed and remained
about a week. They then prepared to start for

q the island of Juan Fernandez, which was two

thousand miles away; but three of the men pre-

ferred to remain on the little island; these have

never since been heard from. The boats, three
in number, started off, and nearly two months

afterward the mate’s boat, with only three living

124 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

men, was taken up by an English vessel, and a few
days afterwards the captain’s boat was found, with )
two men in her, by an American vessel. These
were all that were left out of a crew of twenty.

The Dolphins are whale-like animals which live
together in the ocean, in large numbers. They
are very lively, and often follow ships for several
days, frolicking and sporting all the while, and

SSS SSS ——
_e.———SSS== : Se
SS

———

The Dolphin.

sometimes leaping so high out of the water as to
fall upon the deck of the ship. The people who
lived many years ago believed them to be very
fond of music. The Dolphins, Porpoises, and
Grampuses are animals which are much alike,
and are often seen near each other.

In another book I shall show you the picture
of a very beautiful fish which is also called Dolphin.
So you see that this name is given to two animals
which are very different from one another.

THE BATS. 13a

Pel BATS.

Ir you go to walk in summer, just as the soft
evening twilight approaches, you will be almost
sure to see a little animal flying above and around

you, flitting and turning, now skimming along

near the ground, now far above your head; you
will only see him, you will not hear him, for his
flight is very light and noiseless; you may think
this is his play-time, and that he is only sporting ;
but this is his meal-time, and he is eating little
insects, which he is catching every time he turns.
Perhaps you will say it is a bird, but several
times this summer the same little animal, or one
of his cousins, has come in at our window, and

after flying around the room several times, has

126 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

suddenly alighted; and now he does not look
at all like a bird, but like a little brown bunch —
of fur. It is a Bat, and he flies by means of a
fine thin skin, which spreads out on each side
of his body, from his neck to his hind legs, and
to the ends of his long fingers. His little body
is covered with soft thick fur; his eyes are very
small, his ears are large, and on his thumb there
is a sharp hook. In the daytime he sleeps in a
cave, a hollow tree, or any other dark place, hang-
ing by the sharp claws of his hind feet. In cold
countries Bats sleep all winter.

THE INSECT-EATERS.

On the trees of Borneo, and other islands of
the Indian Ocean, there lives a very curious ani-
mal, which looks a little like a bat, and which
has a fine thin skin on the sides of its body,
reaching from its fore feet to its hind ones. But
it cannot fly like the bat; it can only take long
leaps, this skin helping to support it in the air.
It is called the Galeopithecus. During the day

THE GALEOPITHECUS AND SHREW. 127

it is quiet, staying in the deep woods, but at
night it is very nimble, running about on the

The Galeopithecus.

trees, and leaping from one tree to another in
search of its food, which is fruits, insects, eggs,
and birds.

You know how small and soft the mice are, but

The Shrew. | The Water Shrew.

here are two little creatures that are smaller than
the smallest mouse you ever saw, and their fur

128 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

is very soft and silky; they are Shrews. They ~

live in meadows and fields, under rubbish, and
heaps of stone, in old walls, and in holes in the
ground. They make a warm nest of soft dry
grasses and mosses, and their food is insects and
worms. Some kinds live in the banks of streams,
and swim about in the water, and feed upon little
water-animals. These are called Water-Shrews.
When walking in the meadows, fields, or gar-
den, you sometimes see little hills of loose earth
just raised above the surface of the ground; they
are called mole-hills, and here is a picture of the

The Mole.

little Mole which makes them. It is about the
size of a small rat; its body is very stout, and
its fore feet are very large and fitted for digging.
Its eyes are so small that many people think it
has none; its fur is soft and thick, and feels like
velvet, and every hair is so glossy that, although

THE MOLE. 129

it lives and digs in the ground, no animal is
cleaner than the little Mole. Its home is a wind-
ing burrow, in one part of which the nest 1s made,
and from this part of the burrow lead many paths
and galleries, so that, if the Mole is pursued,
it is almost sure to escape. Another

kind of Mole, about as large as this

one, has a long nose, which at the oy
end is shaped like a star; this one is je Ege
called the Star-nosed Mole. _ Mole.
You will like to know something about the
next two animals, although they do not live in
America. The one called Tenrec lives on the
island of Madagascar, the larger one is found in
Europe. They are Hedgehogs, and they have,

on the back, very sharp spines, and when alarmed

Hi) |

ah

Wy

Uh
Ws

Y

if

The Madagascar Hedgehog or Tenrec.

they curl themselves up, and this tightens the

skin so much that the spines stand out on all
VOL. I. 9

130 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

sides, so that the bravest animal dares not attack
them. They live in the hedges, and spend the

S SS Won, NS z = S
RAK A SSS

The European Hedgehog.

day in sleep, coming out at night for their food,
which is fruits, roots, and insects.

THE GNAW ERS:

Au little folks like to watch the nimble and
graceful little squirrels, which run and leap about
on the trees and on the ground, and always seem
to be so happy and so busy. They are very pretty
too, with their large bright eyes and their great
soft bushy tail. In the woods they eat nuts and

THE GRAY SQUIRREL. : 13n

acorns, and they come into the fields to get corn
and grain. In winter these pretty little creatures
live in hollow trees, where they make snug and
warm nests. If disturbed before the young ones

Md, YO

\
N

Ss <
—— SSS <x
WSS
Sy > RR
: a

The Gray Squirrel.

are old enough to run and take care of themselves,
the mother takes them in her mouth, one by one,
and leaps away to a place of safety. A sum-
mer and autumn nest is built in the branches of
a tree, and is made of twigs, leaves, and grasses.
The Gray Squirrels are very beautiful, and they

132 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

are often hunted for their skins; those which
come from Siberia are very dark colored, and
are made into cloaks and other warm garments
for winter. Gray Squirrels sometimes get to-
gether in great numbers, and travel across the
country, over mountains and through dense woods,

and even swim broad rivers. The little Flying

The Flying Squirrel.

Squirrel is one of the most curious, gentle, and
beautiful of living things; it is not often seen,
for it 1s quiet in the daytime, coming out at night
for its food. It is a very social little animal,
and large numbers often live together in hollow
trees. The Chipmunk, or Striped Squirrel, is
a very pretty and lively little creature, which
makes its nest in a hole which it digs in the
ground, near the roots of an old tree, or under

the shelter of a wall; the nest is made soft ‘and

THE SQUIRRELS. 133

warm with dry leaves, and near it is stored a

large supply of walnuts, chestnuts, beechnuts,

i — =
2

The Striped Squirrel, or Chipmunk.

acorns, and grain. In autumn it is very busy
getting its winter store of food, and it is often
seen hurrying along to its hole, with its cheek-
pouches full of nuts or grain.

The Leopard Spermophile, or —
Striped Gopher.

- The little Leopard Spermophile, or Striped
Gopher, is even prettier than the Chipmunk, its

134 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

fur is so beautifully spotted and striped. It lives
on the prairies, and digs deep, winding burrows
in the ground; sometimes it is seen sitting just
at the opening, but if any one comes near it
darts, with a chirp, into its hole.

The curious animal called the Prairie Dog also
lives on the prairies of the West; it is a short,
clumsy-looking little creature, and does not look
at all like a dog; but it makes a sharp noise which

The Prairie Dog.

sounds very much like barking, and from this it
vets its name. It digs a burrow in the ground,
and, at the opening, it raises a little mound of
earth. Sometimes hundreds of these little an-

imals make their burrows so near each other

THE BEAVER. Fao

that the ground is covered with these mounds,
and they look so much lke little villages, that
the hunters call them “ Dog-towns.”? There is a
small kind of owl which is often found living
in these burrows with the Prairie Dogs, and
sometimes the rattlesnake takes up his abode
there, perhaps to feed upon the young of the
Prairie Dog.

On the next page there is a picture of the Beaver,
with its strong sharp teeth, its webbed hind feet,
and its broad, flat tail. Beavers live in and near
the water, and they eat the roots of water-plants,
and the bark of the birch, willow, maple, and of
some other trees; and when they cannot get bark
enough they eat the hard wood itself. In order to
get the bark to eat, and materials with which
to build dams and houses, they gnaw through,
and thus cut down with their sharp teeth, trees
both small and large, sometimes those that are
a foot and a half or two feet in diameter. When
they have cut down a tree, they cut off all the
limbs, and cut them into pieces one or two feet
long or more, and they cut the stem or trunk

of the tree into short logs.

136 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

Beavers like ponds in which they may swim,
and in or near which they can build their houses
or lodges, and in whose banks they can dig their
burrows; for they have both burrows and houses.
Therefore they make dams across the brooks and

The Beaver.

streams of the regions in which they live, so as
to form such ponds as they like. They make their
dams of poles, and limbs of trees, and _ brush,
mixed with stones and mud. They save all of
the bark of the limbs, and of the trunks of the
young trees, for food; so that nearly all of the
sticks in a beaver-dam are peeled. The dams are

very strong, and a man can easily walk from one

THE BEAVERS. 137

side of the river to the other on one of them.
Beavers build their houses or lodges of sticks,
stones, and mud; they are quite large, and the
walls are very thick. The houses stand in the

water, but the nest or room where the Beavers

_ live is above the surface of the water, and is dry

and warm. From four to eight Beavers, and some-
times as many as twelve, live in one house or
lodge. The only entrance to their houses is
through a hole below the surface of -the water,
and the entrance is very neatly made. Near
their houses they sink in the water a large supply

of wood and bark for their food during the winter.

q They do most of their work at night; but they

begin very early in the evening, and they also
work early in the morning.

Long ago there were many Beavers in our coun-
try, and their old dams and ponds are still found
in many places. But their fur is so fine, and so
beautiful, and makes such warm caps and collars,
and brings so much money to the hunters and
trappers, that they have shot and trapped the
Beayers, till now they are never seen except in

the wild and unsetiled regions; and by and by

138 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

I fear that they will all be gone. There are many ~
Beavers now living in the swamps and woods
near Lake Superior, and if you could go there
you would see their dams, and ponds, and houses,
and the trees which they have cut down and peeled
with their sharp teeth; and you would see the
many long canals which the Beavers dig to float
their logs in, when ‘the trees which they cut down
for their dams, and their food, are far from the
pond. Some oftheir canals are five hundred feet
long; they are about three feet wide and two or
three feet deep, and partly filled with water. You
may perhaps wonder that the Beaver knows so
well how to build strong dams, and houses, and
to dig canals, and that he knows when and where
to store up bark and wood for his winter food.
God has made this wonderful animal so that he
knows what to do; and He has made all animals
so that every one is fitted for the life it is to lead,
and the work it has to do.

Young Beavers are sometimes tamed and kept
for pets. One was once carried from this country
across the Atlantic Ocean, and given to a gentle-

man in England. He named it “ Binny’’; and

THE BEAVERS. 139

when he called it by its name, it would answer
with a little cry, and come to him. It liked to
lhe upon the hearth-rug, but always wanted’ to
be near its master. Binny liked to eat bread,
milk, and sugar; and he was also fond of roots
and tender plants. He wanted to build dams
and houses, and so he would get the brooms and
sweeping-brushes, and baskets, and books, boots
and shoes, clothes, and everything he could find,
and try to build them into a dam and a house,
just as he would make a dam and a house of poles,
sticks, leaves, and mud, if he were in the swamps
and woods where he was born.

The Pouched Rat lives in Canada and on
the Western prairies, and it makes its nest in

iE i Sa
Fz 6A, A SH. NYY UY, on, : ZL =
AS 17) UZ A EAM AN Vv MT

The Pouched Rat, or Pocket Gopher.

little hills or mounds of earth which it throws
up. The nest is warmly lined with soft, dry
grasses, and with fur which the mother pulls

140 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

from her own body. Like the mole, it digs bur- -
rows very rapidly, and in every direction. It
eats roots, and it uses its large pouches to carry
food to its nest, and to bring dirt out of its bur-
row. It is often called the Pocket Gopher.

You have seen the large Rats that live in stables
and sometimes in houses. One kind has brown
fur, and is called the Brown, or Wharf Rat; an-
other kind has black fur, and is called the Black
Rat. They are very hungry fellows, and eat grain,
meat, and almost everything they can find; and
when they cannot get enough of other food, they
kill and eat one another. These two. kinds of
Rats cannot live together; the Brown Rats are

the largest, and they drive off the Black ones, or

FT; ——— Se =< =
LEER =
SS SSS SS = SSN
Lae ~ = _ts== 3
= DSSSa—s5 ZZ S r
— She Na Fe ZA — oaS <4 SJ

The White-footed Mouse.

kill and eat them. There are very many kinds
of Rats and Mice, and they are not all so cruel
as these large ones. Some of them, like the

-

-

THE JUMPING MOUSE. 141

House Mouse, the White-footed Mouse, and the
little Jumping Mouse, and many others, are very
pretty creatures. The Jumping Mouse lives in

grain-fields, and leaps over the ground faster than

Clo /
\ Yj Ee F 4A
hy = p LEE
Hitt Pa i tii Za
2 aa | i] My Lf fy : ZY, : va
— wy De aA em
The Jumping Mouse.

you can run. The largest Rat is the Muskrat.
It is smaller than a cat, and has a short, thick

body and short legs. It lives in ponds, rivers, and

brooks, where it builds a house of mud, sticks,
erass, and weeds. Its fur is long and dark, and
is often called River Sable.

The Porcupine lives in hollow trees, or in holes
among the rocks, and sleeps in the daytime, com-
ing out at night to get its food. It eats bark,
leaves, and buds, and is fond of sweet apples and
ereen corn. On the back_and tail of the Poren-
_ pine grow sharp strong quills. If a dog or any
_ other animal attack it, the quills get into the

142 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

The Porcupine.

mouth and cause great pain. The quills of a
Porcupine which lives in Europe are so long that
they are used for penholders, and are very beau-
tiful. The Porcupine is larger than a cat, but its
body is rather short.

You have often seen the tame Rabbits hopping
briskly about, or feeding upon the tender grass
and clover buds which they lke so well, and you
never tire of watching them; so I think you will
like to read about the little animals which look

THE HARES. 143

so much like Rabbits, and which live in all our
woods and groves; these are the Hares. Many
persons call them Rabbits, but I believe there
are no true Rabbits in the woods of our countrv.

All the Rabbits which we see are the tame ones,

and these have been brought from Europe. I will
tell you some of the ways in which the Rabbits
differ from the Hares. The Rabbits dig burrows
in the ground, in which they spend much of the
time ; the Hares do not dig burrows in which to
live ; the Rabbits live together in large numbers ;
the Hares live singly, each one by itself. When
the young Rabbit is born, it has a smooth skin,
and its little eyes are shut; but the little Hare
is covered with fur when it is born, and its eyes
are open. When you goto the woods in summer,
you are almost sure to see some of these little
animals ; and if you go in the winter, when the
snow is on the ground, you will see the tracks
made by their little feet, and you may see the

Hares themselves, for these active little creatures

do not seek out a snug place when the cold weather
comes, and then go to sleep, and sleep all winter,

as some animals do; but they run about ai all

144 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

seasons of the year, unless the weather is very,
very cold or stormy, and then they sometimes
shelter themselves in hollow logs or trees, or in
holes in the ground, which some other animal
has made. The Hares are very pretty animals.
Their eyes are large and bright, and are so placed
that the little animal can see nearly all around
itself; their ears are very large, and can be raised
and turned in any direction, and they seem to
catch the faintest sounds. Their fore legs are
short and rather weak, but their hind legs are
long and stout, and the Hares move over the ground ~
mainly by taking long leaps; when not frightened,
or when eating, they hop or jump along only a
little way at a time. The Hares eat grass and
tender plants, and the buds and twigs and park
of shrubs and trees, and they feed at night, or
at twilight, and in the daytime stay upon their
“forms” or nests. The “ form” of the Hare is
only a little hollow on the ground ; sometimes the
“form” is near an old log, or in a heap of brush,
or at the foot of a tree, or under a fallen tree-
top; sometimes it is hidden by the tall grass and
weeds. The Hares have well-trodden paths in

THE HARES. 145

the woods, which lead from one point to another,
and they use these paths both in the summer
and winter. The Hares have a curious habit of
stamping upon the ground with their hind feet
when they are alarmed or excited. They are very
timid creatures, and when frightened they bound
and leap swiftly away, stopping every few moments
to listen to any strange sound. If you see one
of these animals bounding away from you, and if
you whistle to it, it will at once stop and listen,
and if you keep on whistling, and at the same time
walk towards the Hare, you can often get quite
near it. Although the Hare is so timid, it will
sometimes fight bravely for its young. A gentle-
man once saw a Hare attack a large black snake
which was holding in its coils one of her little
ones. She would spring over the snake, and
strike back upon the snake with her hind feet.
Hares are often hunted with dogs, and they some-
times show almost as much cunning as a fox in
their efforts to get away from the dogs. At first
they leap swiftly away, then turn aside and stop,
and as soon as the dogs have passed them, they

run back on the same track and try to get to

WOOL. 1. 10

146 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

their “form” again. Sometimes they leap upon a
log and sit motionless, while the dogs sniff around
in plain sight, and quite near them. Sometimes
they run into a hole in the ground, or into a hollow
tree if there is an opening near the ground. When
seized, they sometimes utter a sharp, clear cry.
There are more than twenty kinds of Hares in
the forests of our country. Some kinds have gray
fur; some are of a reddish-brown color; and in
some kinds the color of the fur changes from red-
dish in the summer to white in winter. There
is a picture of a Hare with the dogs on the

thirty-ninth page.

THE ANIMALS WITHOUT FRONT TEETH.

ALL the animals of which you have been read-

ing are clothed either with hair, fur, or wool, or

Zh Bh ee MN)
eos Wy at, FO = ANAL Fs

The Armadillo.

THE OPOSSUM. 147

they have a smooth skin; but here is one, called
the Armadillo, which has a hard horny shell made
up of many pieces. This animal lives in the warm-
est parts of our country, and digs burrows in the
ground, in which it stays during the daytime.
It eats insects, worms, fruits, and the juicy roots
of plants. Although it looks so clumsy, it can

run faster than a man.

THE POUCHED ANIMALS.

THE little Opossum lives in the Middle, South-
ern, and Western States. It is about as large as

The Opossum.

148 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

a cat, and its home is in the hollows of trees.
It sleeps during the daytime, but spends the night
in running about for its food; it eats insects,
eggs, and birds, and sometimes comes to the hen-
coop and kills and eats hens and chickens. On
the under part of the body is a pouch, in which
the mother places her little ones, and there they
stay until they can run about. The Opossum is
often hunted for its flesh; and sometimes, when
wounded a little, it lies quite still and pretends
to be dead; but when the hunter is not watch-

ing, it Jumps up and runs away.

The Kangaroo.

The Kangaroo is a strange animal which lives —

THE WOMBAT. 149

in Australia; it does not often walk or run, but
takes great leaps with its long hind feet, and when
it stops, rests upon its hind feet and its large strong
tail. Like the Opossum, the Kangaroo has a
pouch on the under part of the body, in which
the young ones are carried; and even after they
are large enough to run about, if danger is near,
they will get into the mother’s pouch, and re-
main till the danger is past.

The Wombat is another curious animal which
also lives in Australia; it feeds upon grass, and
burrows in the ground.

THE DUCK-BILLS.
Bur the most curious animal in Australia is
the Duck-bill. It lives in the ponds and streams,
and digs burrows in the banks. Its fore feet are

150 PICTURES AND STORIES OF ANIMALS.

webbed, and it is a good swimmer. Its body is
covered with thick short fur, and it has a bill very

The Duck-bill.

much like that of a duck. Its food is worms and

insects and other small animals.

And now, dear children, if you like to look at
these pictures, and to read these stories, in an-
other little book I will show you pictures and
tell you stories of the beautiful Birds which God
has made to live in the woods, groves, and fields,
and which delight us so much with their pretty
forms, their bright colors, and their sweet songs.

—

THE END.

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YOUNG AMERICANS IN JAPAN;; or, The Adventures
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4. The Sphinx at Mt. Auburn.
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