Endangered Folktale Preservation in Xunhua Tibetan Areas, Qinghai Province, PR China


Endangered Folktale Preservation in Xunhua Tibetan Areas, Qinghai Province, PR China

A Canada Fund contribution of 191,600 RMB allowed an important local Tibetan folktale project to be carried out in Xunhua Salar Autonomous County. The project digitalized the folktales, encouraged local schools to use local Tibetan literary resources, transcribed the collected folktales into Tibetan writing and translated them into Chinese and English, providing audio versions of the originals told by village elders, and a retold audio version of the original materials by professional radio broadcasters in the Amdo Tibetan dialect. The stories were collected from Wendu, Dobe, Garing, and Gangtsa townships in September 2011. The writing and translation was completed 2 December 2011.
The project achieved:

• Production of recorded 49 folktales onto 6,000 CDs of traditional folktales, in standard Tibetan as well as the regional dialect.
• Production of 6,000 books (314 pages) of traditional folktales, written in Tibetan, Chinese, English.
• Preservation of folktales via digitalization.
• Provision of reading and listening materials for local schools and outsiders.
• Provision of produced items to a wide audience, enhancing local interest in traditional culture.


ཐེངས་འདིར་ཁ་ན་ཏ་ཐེབས་རྩས་དམངས་སྒོར་༡༩༡༦༠༠ཡིས་ཞལ་འདེབས་གནངས་པར་བརྟེན་ནས། ཞོན་ཧྭ་ཟ་ལར་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་རྫོང་དུ་བོད་ཀྱི་དམངས་ཁྲོད་གཏམ་རྒྱུད་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་བགྱི་བའི་ལས་གཞི་ཞིག་ལག་ཏུ་བསྟར་ཐུབ་པ་བྱུང་ལ། ལས་གཞི་འདི་བརྒྱུད་ནས་ཞོན་ཧྭ་ས་ཁུལ་གྱི་བོད་ཀྱི་དམངས་ཁྲོད་གཏམ་རྒྱུད་སྐོར་ཅིག་ཨང་འཕྲིན་ཅན་དུ་བཏང་བ་དང་། ཕྱོགས་བསྡུས་བྱས་པའི་གཏམ་རྒྱུད་དག་བོདཡིག་ཏུ་ཕབ་ཅིང་རྒྱ་ཡིག་དང་དབྱིན་ཡིག་གཉིས་ཀར་བསྒྱུར་ནས་ས་གནས་སློབ་གྲྭ་སྐོར་ཅིག་ལ་ས་སྐྱེས་རྡོ་སྐྱེས་ཀྱི་རྩོམ་རིག་ཐོན་ཁུངས་སྔོག་འདོན་དང་བེད་སྤྱོད་བྱ་བར་སྐུལ་འདེད་བྱས། དེར་མ་ཟད། ན་ཆུང་བྱིས་པ་དག་ལ་དམིགས་ནས་གཏམ་རྒྱུད་ཕྱོགས་བསྡུ་བྱས་སྐབས་སུ་ཕབ་པའི་ཡུལ་སྐད་ཀྱི་སྒྲ་དང་ཕྱིས་སུ་མཚོ་སྔོན་རླུང་འཕྲིན་ཁང་གིས་མདོ་འཛིན་པས་གཏམ་རྒྱུད་རྣམས་བསྐྱར་བཤད་བྱས་པའི་སྒྲ་རྣམས་ཀྱང་མཁོ་སྤྲོད་བྱས་ཡོད། ཐེངས་འདིའི་གཏམ་རྒྱུད་དག་ནི་སྤྱི་ལོ་༢༠༡༡ལོའི་ཟླ༩པར་ཞོན་ཧྭ་རྫོང་གི་བོད་རིགས་ས་ཁུལ་བིས་མདོ་དང་། རྡོ་སྦིས། ཀ་རིང་། རྐང་ཚ་བཅས་ཞང་བཞི་ནས་བསྡུས་ཤིང་། རྩོམ་འབྲི་དང་ལོ་ཙྰ་ནི་སྤྱི་ལོ་༢༠༡༡ལོའི་ཟླ ༡༢པའི་ཚེས་༢ཉིན་ཡོངས་སུ་འགྲུབ་པ་ཡིན།

ལས་གཞི་འདི་བརྒྱུད་ནས། དམངས་ཁྲོད་གཏམ་རྒྱུད་༤༩སྒྲར་ཕབ་ཅིང་། དེ་དག་དང་བསྐྱར་བཤད་བགྱིས་པའི་སྒྲ་རྣམས་CD ༦༠༠༠གི་ཐོག་དཔར་ཏེ་མཁོ་སྤྲོད་བྱས་ཡོད་པ་དང་། གཏམ་རྒྱུད་དེ་དག་བོད་ཡིག་ཏུ་ཕབ་རྗེས་རྒྱ་ཡིག་དང་དབྱིན་ཡིག་གཉིས་སུ་བསྒྱུར་ནས་ཤན་སྦྱར་གྱི་ཚུལ་དུ་དཔེ་དེབ་༦༠༠༠དཔར་ཡོད། གཞན་ཡང་ལས་གཞི་འདི་ལས་བྱུང་བའི་གྲུབ་འབྲས། དཔེ་དེབ་དང་སྒྲ་ཡོད་ཚད་དྲ་རྒྱའི་ཐོག་ཏུ་བཅུག་སྟེ་སུས་ཀྱང་ཀློག་ཐུབ་ཅིང་ཉན་ཐུབ་པར་བྱས་ཡོད་པས། ཁྱེད་ཀློག་པ་པོ་དང་ཉན་པོ་པོ་རྣམས་ཀྱི་མིག་གི་དཔལ་དང་རྣ་བའི་བཅུད་དུ་འགྱུར་བར་སྨོན།


为保护和继承藏族民间传统文化，经加拿大基金捐款191600人民币，在循化撒拉族自治县实施了一项藏族民间故事收集其保护项目。所收集的藏语民间故事已撰写成藏文，并译为中文和英文，主要用于民族地区中小学生课外读物。并特邀请青海电视台专业藏语播音员叙说故事，将其叙说的故事刻录为音频，以数字化及电子版形式保存，通过网络等媒介传播发扬，为民族地区中小学生提供了良好的学习平台。此民间故事于2011年9月在循化县文都、道帏、尕愣和刚察等藏族自治乡收集，其撰写、翻译及音频刻录于2011年12月全面完成。
本项目实施了：

1. 49篇民间故事叙说刻录为音频发行了6000张CD
2. 6000本藏汉英三语对照民间故事书籍
3. 以数字化及电子版形式保护藏族民间故事
4. 为民族地区中小学，提供了藏族民间故事读物以及其CD音频。



Endangered Folktale Preservation in Xunhua循化 Tibetan Areas Qinghai 青海 Province, PR China: The Tellers

Bkra shis བཀྲ་ཤིས, male, b. 1953, illiterate, farmer from Grasar གྲ་སར Village, Bis mdo / Wendu བིས་མདོ/文都 Township. He was once an avid teller of folktales and singer, but in 2011, he only sang on such special occasions as the Tibetan New Year and at weddings. He had not told folktales for years and when we recorded his materials, he often forgot portions of the tales.

Chog ru ཆོག་རུ, female, b. 1943, illiterate, farmer from Gshoang sa གཤོང་ས Village, Karing ཀ་རིང Township. She was very interested in singing folksongs and telling folktales. In 2011, she was occupied caring for her niece and nephew at home, and also in circumambulating the village stupa with other elders.

Dan tig དན་ཏིག, female, b. 1929, illiterate, farmer from Bar skor བར་སྐོར Village, Bis mdo/ Wendu བིས་མདོ/文都 Township. She had a son and a daughter, both of whom had official jobs. A grandson and granddaughter were college students. She was once acted in local dramas related to King Songtsen སྲོང་བཙན་སྒམ་པོ and the Rāmāyaṇa རཱ་མ་ཎི during the Tibetan New Year period, but now traditional drama is no longer performed in the village.

Gsang bdag གསང་བདག, male, b.1936, illiterate, farmer, and is Mr. Shes rab's older brother. He was once famous for his singing of folksongs during the old times. In 2011, he was blind and spent most of his time in the village prayer-house, turning the prayer-wheel and reciting the Six Syllable mantra with other elders. He once was greatly interested in telling folktales but said now his grandchildren were uninterested in his stories.

Klumo sgrol ma ཀླུ་མོ་སྒྲོལ་མ།, female, b.1936, illiterate, farmer from A sde ཨ་སྡེ Village, Bis mdo/ Wendu བིས་མདོ/文都 Township. She said folktales were told to children and also shared between adults in her youth. Despite her age, she had an excellent memory and was very interested in telling folktales. She was also once wellknown for singing.

Ma Ni ’bum མ་ཎི་འབུམ།, male, b. 1939, retired teacher, from Mthar ba མཐའ་བ Village, Gangtsa རྐང་ཚ Township (the only herding area in Xunhua 循化 Salar Autonmous County). He was once a much respected Tibetan language teacher is the village. In 2011, the village children had to go to the township seat for further education. His folktales were once much appreciated by schoolchildren.

Mkha' 'gro rdo rje མཁའ་འགྲོ་རྡོ་རྗེ, female, b. 1941, illiterate, farmer from Mdo rtse མདོ་རྩེ Village, Dobe རྡོ་སྦིས Township. Her close contact with Han 汉族 people may explain the presence of Daoist characters in her stories and some of the vocabulary she used was Chinese.

Phag mo thar ཕག་མོ་ཐར, female, b.1942, illiterate, farmer from Bar skor བར་སྐོར Village, Bis mdo/ Wendu བིས་མདོ/文都Township. She had three sons and one daughter. Two sons were monks in a monastery and the other son was a teacher. Her daughter managed a small shop in the township town. Most of her time was spent in the village prayer-house engaged in religious activities.

Shes rab ཤེས་རབ, male, b. 1933, retired teacher from Rimang རི་མང Village, Bis mdo/ Wendu བིས་མདོ/文都 Township, was once a monk who was forced to be come a layman during the Culture Revolution. He later became an official teacher within the local government education system. He remembered many folktales in 2011, having told many to his grandson, granddaughter, and schoolchildren. His stories were once greatly enjoyed by students and told during breaks.

THE FOLKTALES
File Name Teller Minutes
1---Original_Shes rab_THE SERVANT AND THE PRINCESS Shes rab 00:09:58
2---Original_Shes rab_THE FOXY SISTER IN-LAW AND TWO BROTHERS Shes rab 00:06:03
3---Original_Shes rab_THE DONKEY RIDER KING Shes rab 00:04:55
4---Original_Gsang bdag_THE KING STEALS Gsang bdag 00:0654
5---Original_Gsang bdag_ LEARNING THE LANGUAGE OF BIRDS Gsang bdag 00:08:42
6---Original_Gsang bdag_ THE RABBIT AND THE BEAR Gsang bdag 00:10:10
7---Original_Gsang bdag_ THE WOLD AND THE SHEEP Gsang bdag 00:04:22
8---Original_Ma Ni ’bum_THE SADDLE-MAKER RABBIT Ma Ni ‘bum 00:02:28
9---Original_Gsang bdag_THE RICH SON FINDS A WIFE Gsang bdag 00:07:20
10---Original_Bkra shis_THE FURTUNTELLER Bkra shis 00:08:55
11---Original_Bkra shis_THE TIGHER KING AND THE POOR MAN Bkra shis 00:04:23
12---Original_Bkra shis_THE PRINCESS AND THE FIREWOOD COLLECTOR Bkra shis 00:10:26
13---Original_Bkra shis_THE MAGIC BOWL Bkra shis 00:11:51
14---Original_Mkha’ ‘gro rdo rje_THE GOD-MAN Mkha’ ‘gro rdo rje 00:04:50
15---Original_Ma Ni ‘bum_THE BABY MONEKY STEALS A PAIR OF SHOES Ma Ni ‘bum 00:01:48
16---Original_Ma Ni ‘bum_THE MARE’S SON Ma Ni ‘bum 00:10:14
17---Original_Mkha’ ‘gro rdo rje_THE GOLDEN SPINDLE Mkha’ ‘gro rdo rje 00:04:11
18---Original_Phag mo thar_THE LITTLE LAMB Phag mo thar 00:02:33
19---Original_Dan tig_THE OLD LADY AND THE DEMON Dan tig 00:06:30
20---Original_Dan tig_THE OLD MAN AND THE BULL SKIN Dan tig 00:03:30
21---Original_Phag mo thar_THE OLD COUPLE AND THE TWO CHILDREN Phag mo thar 00:03:13
22---Original_Dan tig_THE POOR MOTHER AND THE DAUGHTER Dan tig 00:05:46
23---Orignal_Phag mo thar_THE THAG THAG OF THE FOREST Phag mo thar 00:02:41
24---Original_Mkha’ ‘gro rdo rje_THE TWO SISTERS, THE WHITE MAN AND THE WHITE HORSE Mkha’ ‘gro rdo rje 00:06:42
25---Original_Dan tig_THE WOODCOLLECTOR AND THE PRINCESS’ SHOE Dan tig 00:04:48
26---Original_Mka’ ‘gro rdo rje_THE POOR MAN AND THE KING Mkha’ ‘gro rdo rje 00:09:25
27---Original_Bkra shis_THE HERDSMAN AND THE FROG Bkra shis 00:03:16
28---Original_Phag mo thar_THE TWO BROTERS Phag mo thar 00:03:31
29---Original_Dan tig_THE FRIENDSHIP Dan tig 00:01:04
30---Original_Mkha’ ‘gro rdo rje_KING GONGTSE RAB RTAN Mkha’ ‘gro rdo rje 00:08:10
31---Original_Chog ru_THE STORY OF KID’S TAIL Chog ru 00:03:52
32---Original_Ma Ni ‘bum_THE BANISHED MOTER Ma Ni ‘bum 00:07:09
33---Original_Phag mo thar_RA LU MA AND RI LU MA Phag mo thar 00:01:32
34---Original_Mkha’ ‘gro rdo rje_THE CHINESE COUPLE Mkha’ ‘gro rdo rje 00:12:23
35---Original_Mkha’ ‘gro rdo rje_THE BUTCHER Mkha’ ‘gro rdo rje 00:07:06
36---Original_Ma Ni ‘bum_THE WISE BRIDE Mkha’ ‘gro rdo rje 00:03:52
37---Original_Mkha’ ‘dro rdo rje_THE MINISTER MGAR DAMPA Mkha’ ‘gro rdo rje 00:08:32
38---Original_Chog ru_THE BEETLE, FROG AND THE LIZARD Chog ru 00:01:17
39---Original_Mkha’ ‘gro rdo rje_THE RECOVERY OF THE PRINCE Mkha’ ‘gro rdo rje 00:07:08
40---Original_Klu mo sgrol ma_THE MAITREYA STATUE Klu mo sgrol ma 00:08:55
41---Original _Mkha’ ‘gro rdo rje_THE RABBIT AND THE HUNTER Mkha’ ‘gro rdo rje 00:08:42
42---Original_Mka' 'gro rdo rje_THE BROTHER VISITS THE KING OF DEATH Mkha’ ‘gro rdo rje 00:12:46
43---Original_Klu mo sgrol ma_THE BEGGAR'S DAUGHTER Klu mo sgrol ma 00:09:48
44---Original_Klu mo sgrol ma_MELON KILLING Klu mo sgrol ma 00:02:21
45---Original_Klu mo sgrol ma_TWO BROTHERS Klu mo sgrol ma 00:03:54
46---Original_Mkha' 'gro rdo rje_TWO MONKS VISIT THE JOBO Mkha’ ‘gro rdo rje 00:06:35
47---Original_Klu mo sgrol ma_THE TIGER, THE WOLF, AND THE RABBIT Klu mo sgrol ma 00:04:21
48---Original_Mkha' 'gro rdo rje_THE WOODCUTTER AND THE STONE Mkha’ ‘gro rdo rje 00:10:24
49---Original_Bkra shis_THE MICE ARMY Bkra shis 00:05:59

1--- Shes rab original teller _retold by Sgrol ma rgyal_The Servant and The Princess Sgrol ma rgyal 00:15:29
2--- Shes rab original teller_ retold by Sgrol ma rgyal_The Foxy Sister in-law and Two Brothers Sgrol ma rgyal 00:11:37
3--- Shes rab original teller_ retold by Sgrol ma rgyal_The Donkey Rider King Sgrol ma rgyal 00:06:32
4--- Gsang bdag original teller_ retold by Sgrol ma rgyal_The King Steals Sgrol ma rgyal 00:10:05
5--- Gsang bdag original teller_ retold by Sgrol ma rgyal Learning the Language of Birds Sgrol ma rgyal 00:12:37
6--- Gsang bdag original teller_retold by Sgrol ma rgyal_The Rabbit and the Bear Sgrol ma rgyal 00:14:08
7--- Gsang bdag original teller_ retold by Sgrol ma rgyal_The Wolf and the Sheep Sgrol ma rgyal 00:07:40
8--- Ma Ni ’bum original teller_ retold by Sgrol ma rgyal_The Saddle-maker Rabbit Sgrol ma rgyal 00:07:38
9--- Gsang bdag original teller_ retold by Sgrol ma rgyal_THE RICH SON FINDS A WIFE Sgrol ma rgyal 00:08:10
10--- Bkra shis original teller_ retold by Sgrol ma rgyal_THE FURTUNTELLER Sgrol ma rgyal 00:15:26
11--- Bkra shis original teller_retold by Sgrol ma rgyal _THE TIGHER KING AND THE POOR MAN Sgrol ma rgyal 00:05:09
12--- Bkra shis original teller_retold by Sgrol ma rgyal _THE PRINCESS AND THE FIREWOOD COLLECTOR Sgrol ma rgyal 00:10:54
13--- Bkra shis original teller_ retold by Sgrol ma rgyal_THE MAGIC BOWL Sgrol ma rgyal 00:15:10
14--- Mkha’ ‘gro rdo rje original teller_retold by Gu ru mtsho mo _THE GOD-MAN Gu ru mtsho mo 00:07:10
15--- Ma Ni ‘bum original_retold by Gu ru mtsho mo _THE BABY MONEKY STEALS A PAIR OF SHOES Gu ru mtsho mo 00:04:37
16--- Ma Ni ‘bum original_retold by Sgrol ma rgyal _THE MARE’S SON Sgrol ma rgyal 00:28:01
17--- Mkha’ ‘gro rdo rje –original teller_retold by Sgrol ma rgyal _THE GOLDEN SPINDLE Sgrol ma rgyal 00:13:13
18---Phag mo thar original teller_retold by Sgrol ma rgyal_THE LITTLE LAMB Sgrol ma rgyal 00:07:30
19---Dan tig original teller_retold by Sgrol ma rgyal_AN OLD LADY AND THE DEMON Sgrol ma rgyal 00:12:03
20---Dan tig original teller_retold by Sgrol ma rgyal_THE OLD MAN AND THE BULL SKIN Sgrol ma rgyal 00:05:01
21---Phag mo thar original teller_retold by Gu ru mtsho mo_THE OLD COUPLE AND TWO CHILDREN Gu ru mtsho mo 00:07:45
22---Dan tig original teller_retold by Sgrol ma rgyal_THE POOR MOTHER AND THE DAUGHTER Sgrol ma rgyal 00:10:41
23---Phag mo thar original teller_retold by Sgrol ma rgyal_ THE THAG THAG OF THE FOREST Sgrol ma rgyal 00:05:05
24--- Mkha' 'gro rdo rje original teller_retold by Gu ru mtsho mo_THE TWO SISTERS, THE WHITE MAN AND THE WHITE HORSE Gu ru mtsho mo 00:08:42
25---Dan tig original teller_retold by Sgrol ma rgyal_THE WOODCOLLECTOR AND THE PRINCESS'S SHOE Sgrol ma rgyal 00:06:57
26---Mkha' 'gro rdo rje original teller_retold by Gu ru mtsho mo_THE POOR MAN AND THE KING Gu ru mtsho mo 00:10:55
27---Bkra shis original teller_retold by Gu ru mtsho mo_THE HERDSMAN AND THE FROG Gu ru mtsho mo 00:03:45
28---Phag mo thar original teller_retold by Gu ru mtsho mo_THE TWO BROTHERS Gu ru mtsho mo 00:05:10
29---Dan tig original teller_retold by Gu ru mtsho mo_THE FREINDSHIP Gu ru mtsho mo 00:02:46
30---Mkha' 'gro rdo rje original teller_retold by Gu ru mtsho mo_THE KING GONG TSE RAB BRTAN Gu ru mtsho mo 00:16:54
31---Chog ru original teller_retold by Gu ru mtsho mo_THE STORY OF A KID'S TAIL Gu ru mtsho mo 00:06:29
32---Ma Ni 'bum original teller_retold by Gu ru mtsho mo_THE BANISHED MOTHER Gu ru mtsho mo 00:11:48
33---Phag mo thar original teller_retold by Gu ru mtsho mo_RA LU MA AND RI LU MA Gu ru mtsho mo 00:03:05
34---Mkha' 'gro rdo rje original teller_retold by Gu ru mtsho mo_THE CHINESE COUPLE Gu ru mtsho mo 00:18:28
35---Mkha' 'gro rdo rje original teller_retold by Gu ru mtsho mo_THE BUTCHER Gu ru mtsho mo 00:07:20
36---Ma Ni 'bum original teller_retold by Gu ru mtsho mo_THE WISE BRIDE Gu ru mtsho mo 00:10:29
37---Mkha' 'gro rdo rje original teller_retold by Gu ru mtsho mo_THE MINISTER MGAR DAMPA Gu ru mtsho mo 00:18:36
38---Chog ru original teller_retold by Gu ru mtsho mo_THE BEETLE, FROG AND LIZARD Gu ru mtsho mo 00:02:50
39---Mkha' 'gro rdo rje original teller_retold by Gu ru mtsho mo_THE RECOVERY OF THE PRINCE Gu ru mtsho mo 00:10:53
40---Klu mo sgrol ma original teller_retold by Gu ru mtsho mo_THE MAITREYA STATUE Gu ru mtsho mo 00:13:45
41---Mkha' 'gro rdo rje original_retold by Gu ru mtsho mo_THE RABBIT AND THE HUNTER Gu ru mtsho mo 00:15:24
42---Mkha' 'gro rdo rje original_retold by Gu ru mtsho mo_THE BROTHER VISITS THE KING OF DEATH Gu ru mtsho mo 00:17:24
43---Klu mo sgrol ma original teller_retold by Gu ru mtsho mo_THE BEGGAR'S DAUGHTER Gu ru mtsho mo 00:12:12
44---Klu mo sgrol ma original teller_retold by Sgrol ma rgyal_MELON KILLING Sgrol ma rgyal 00:05:46
45---Klu mo sgrol ma orginal tellter-retold by Gu ru mtsho mo_TWO BROTHERS Gu ru mtsho mo 00:06:44
46---Mkha' 'gro rdo rje original teller_retold by Gu ru mtsho mo_TWO MONKS VISIT THE JOBO Gu ru mtsho mo 00:09:29
47---Klu mo sgrol ma original teller_retold by Gu ru mtsho mo_THE TIGER, THE WOLF, AND THE RABBIT Gu ru mtsho mo 00:07:58
48---Mkha' 'gro rdo rje original teller_retold by Gu ru mtsho mo_THE WOODCUTTER AND THE STONE Gu ru mtsho mo 00:12:58
49---Bkra shis original teller_retold by Gu ru mtsho mo_THE MICE ARMY Gu ru mtsho mo 00:05:11

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